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ORDINANCE N0. 3 0 6 4
AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF AUBURN, WASHINGTON, RELATING TO THE INSTALLATION
OF FIRE HYDRANTS AND MAINS SUPPLYING-WATER FOR FIRE PROTECTION,
THE PROVIDING OF FIRE VEHICLE ACCESS TO FIRE HYDRANTS AND AROUND
BUILDINGS AND AREAS FOR FIRE FIGHTING PURPOSES IN THE CITY OF
AUBURN, WASNINGTON, ON PRIVATE AND Pl1BLIC PROPERTY, AND REPEALING
ALL OTHER ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT THEREWITH.
THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF AUBURN, WASHINGTON, DO
ORDAIN AS FOLLOWS:
Section 1. There is hereby added to Title 13 of the Auburn City Code new
sections, together to be designated as Chapter 13.16, and to provide as follows:
TITLE. This chapter shall be known and may be cited as the "Auburn Fire
Hydrant/Access Ordinance."
DEFINITIONS. For the purpose of this chapter, the following words, terms,
phrases and their derivations shall have the meaning given herein, unless the
context otherwise indicates. When not inconsistent with the context, words used
in the present tense include the future, words in the plural number include the
singular number and words in the singular number include the plural number. The
word "shall" is always mandatory.
A. FIRE DEPARTMENT: The City of Auburn Fire Department.
B. WATER AUTHORITY: The Auburn Water Division of the Department of
uic Works, or any other municipal or quasi-municipal entity
distributing water to fire hydrants within the City of Auburn.
C. A.W.W.A.: The American Water Works Association.
D. U.L.: Underwriters' Laboratories, Inc.
E. U.B.C.: The Uniform Building Code as adopted, including amendments,
by the City of Auburn.
F. PUBLIC HYDRANT: A fire hydrant situated and maintained to provide
water for f~re fighting purposes without restriction as to use for
that purpose. The location is such that it is accessible for immediate
use of the fire authority at all times.
G. PRIVATE HYDRANT: A fire hydrant situated and maintained to provide
water for fire fighting purposes with restrictions as to use. The
location may be such that it is not readily accessible for immediate
use by the fire authority for other than certain private property.
N. A.P.W.A.: American Public Works Association.
Page One
Ordinance No. 3064
4-26-76 - 5-7-76
5-3-76
1. FLUSH TYPE HYDRANT: A hydrant installed entirely below grade.
J. FIRE FLOW: The measure of the sustained flow of available water
for fire fighting of a specific building or within a specific area
at ten (10) pounds per square inch residual pressure, and shall be
corrected to the lowest gallonage available based on peak period
demands and seasonal demands.
K. FIRE CHIEF: The City of Auburn Fire Chief or his appointee.
FIRE HYDRANTS REQUIRED. All buildings constructed within the City of Auburn
shall be served by fire hydrants installed in accordance with the requirements of
this chapter. In addition, presently existing fire hydrants which do not conform
with the requirements and standards of this ordinance when replaced, shall be
replaced with hydrants which do conform to the standards and requirements of this
chapter. All fire hydrants shall be served by a municipal or quasi-municipal water
system, or as otherwise approved by the Fire Chief. All hydrants shall be subject
to testing, inspection and approval by the Auburn Fire Department.
PROHIBITED INSTALLATION. The installation of flush type hydrants is
prohibite unless approved by the Fire Chief.
BUILDINGS OPEN TO THE PUBLIC. Public buildings, buildings available for
public use, or uil ings open to the public by invitation or otherwise, including,
but not limited to, schools and buildings classified under the U.B.C. within
occupancy groups A, B, C, or D shall conform to the requirements and standards
contained in this chapter for buildings or structures in commercial, industrial
and apartment use district zones.
INSTALLATION REQUIREMENTS. The installation of all fire hydrants shall be
in accordance with sound engineering practices. In addition, the following re-
quirements shall apply to all building construction projects:
1. Two (2) copies of detailed plans or drawings, accurately indicating
the location of all valves and fire hydrants to be installed shall be submitted
to the Fire Chief prior to the commencement of any construction.
2. All fire hydrants must be approved by the appropriate water authority
prior to the installation.
3. All construction of the fire hydrant installation and its attendant
water system connection shall conform to the design standards and specifications
promulgated by the appropriate water authority.
4. Fire hydrant installations shall be adequately protected against
vehicular damage, in accordance with standards and specifications promulgated
by the appropriate water authority.
5. An auxiliary gate valve shall be installed at the main line tee to
permit the repair and replacement of the hydrant without disruption of water
service.
6. All hydrants shall stand plumb, be set to the finished grade with
the lowest outlet of the hydrant no less than eighteen (18) inches above the
grade and have no less than thirty-six (36) inches in diameter of clear area
about the hydrant for the clearance of hydrant wrenches on both outlets and
on the control valve.
Page Two
Ordinance No. 3064
4-26-76 5-7-76
5-3-76
7. The pumper port shall face the street. Where the street cannot be
clearly defined or recognized, the port shall face the most likely route of
approach and 1ocation of the fire truck while pumping, a11 as determined by
the Fire Chief.
8. The lead from the service main to the hydrant shall be no less
than six (6) inches in diameter. Any hydrant leads over fifty (50) feet
in length from water main to hydrant shall be no less than eight (8) inches
in diameter.
9. All hydrants newly installed in single family residential areas
shall be supplied by not less than eight (8) inch mains and shall be capable
of delivering one-thousand (1,000) gallons per minute fire flow over and above
average maximum demands at the furthest point of installation. Dead end mains
over fifty (50) feet in length which supply hydrants shall be at least eight
(8) inches in size.
10. All hydrants newly installed in commercial, industrial, multi-family
residential areas and other similar areas shall be supplied by not less than
eight (8) inch mains.
11. A1l hydrants shall have at least a five (5) inch minimum varlve
opening, "0" ring stem seal, two (2) two and one-half (2-1/2) inch national
standard thread hose nozzels, one (1) stemer port per Auburn City Fire
Department specifications and a six (6) inch mechanical joint shoe connection.
In addition all hydrants shall meet A.W.W.A. standards for public hydrants and
shall be insta11ed according to the specifications of the Auburn City Fire
Department.
12. All pipe shall meet relevant A.W.W.A. standards.
13. The maximum distance between fire hydrants in single family Wse
district zones sha11 be six-hundred (600) feet, measured as the fire vehicle
lays its hose.
14. The maximum distance between fire hydrants in commercial, industrial
and apartment (including duplex) use district zones shall be three-hundred (300)
feet, measured as the fire vehicle lays its hose.
15. Lateral spacing of fire hydrants shall be approved by the Fire Chief
and predicated on hydrants being located at street intersections.
16. The owner shall be responsible for notifying the appropriate water
authority and the fire department in writing of the date the fire hydrant in-
stallation and its attendant water connection system will be available for use.
17. All hydrants on private property shall be installed the same and
meet all of the requirements as established for public hydrants.
SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS. The requirements of this section apply to all
building construction projects in which buildings are located or are to be located
such that any portion is more than one hundred-fifty (150) feet in vehicular travel
from a street property line, except detached single family dwellings:
A. Buildings having required fire flows of less than two thousand-five
hundred (2,500) gallons per minute, may have fire hydrants on one side of the
building only.
Page Three
Ordinance No. 3064
4-26-76 - 5-3-76 -
5-7-76
, " Y ` . e . • . • • . ' B. When the required fire flow is over two thousand-five hundred
(2,500) gallons per minute, the fire hydrants shall be served by a main
which loops around the bui1ding or complex of buildings and reconnects
back to a distribution supply main.
C. The number of fire hydrants shall be determined on an average
spacing of three hundred (300) feet in commercial or industrial areas,
schools and institutions computed on an imaginary line parallel to and
not less than fifty (50) feet from the structure. A11 hydrants are to
be accessible to fire department pumpers over paved or gravel roads capable
of supporting such fire apparatus. The Fire Departrrent shall determine the
location of the hydrants based upon a determination of utility, topography
and building location. Hydrants shall be a minimum of fifty (50) feet away
from the buildings or structure; minor deviations may be granted by Fire
Department approval of written requests.
D. Approved "foam type" fire extinguishing systems, or equivalent,
shall be required in addition to fire hydrants in special hazardous in-
stallations (oi1 refineries, chemical plants, etc.). Systems installed
sha11 comply with N.F.P.A. No. 16 or the appropriate standard for the
type of system.
HYDRANT ACCESSIBILITY. Hydrants shall not be obstructed by any structure
or vegetation, or have the hydrant visibility impaired within a distance of one
hundred and fifty (150) feet in any direction of vehicular approach to the hydrant.
DEAD END MAINS PROHIBITED. Provisions shall be made wherever appropriate
in any project for looping all dead end or temporarily dead end mains. Construction
plans must be approved by the appropriate water authority prior to the commence-
ment of construction. Where it is not feasible at the time of approval and
installation to loop a water system, in the opinion of the Fire Department, the
loop requirement may be relaxed if the intent of the code is met and a stub is
provided on the main for future expansion.
FIRE FLOW REQUIREMENTS. The fire flow requirements of a building, structure,
storage pile or area shall be based on criteria established in the 1974 "Guide
for Determination of Required Fire Flow" as published by the Insurance Services
Office of the Municipal Survey Service, 160 Water Street, New York, New York 10038.
Three (3) copies of which are on file with the Auburn City Clerk, with amendments
as outlined below:
A. Amend Section 1. The Co-efficients relating to type of
construction shall be as follows:
1.5 - Type V as defined by the Uniform Building Code
1.0 - Type III as defined by the Uniform Building Code
.8 - Type IV as defined by the Uniform Building Code
.6 - Type I and II as defined by the Uniform Building Code
B. Amend Section 3. Exposure shall include railroad trackage,
stock storage, lumber storage, portable buildings and trailers.
ISSUANCE OF BUILDING PERMITS. No building permit shall be issued until
plans required under this chapter have been submitted and approved in accordance
with the provisions contained in this chapter. No building shall be occupied
until hydrants and mains are placed in service.
Page Four
Ordinance No. 3064
4-26-76 - 5-7-76
5-3-76
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FIRE FIGHTING ACCESS REQUIREMENTS. Accessibility for fire fjghting
purposes s a 1 conform to the following:
1. Every fire hydrant shall be readily accessible to any fire
vehicle for fire fighting and pumping operations as determined by the
Auburn Fire Department.
2. A driveway or road shall be provided for fire fighting purposes
to any building or portion of a building two hundred (200) feet or more
from a pub1ic way.
3. Access shall return to a public way or be provided with a turn
around large enough for a fire vehicle to make a 180 degree turn without
reversing.
4. Roadway shall be wide enough to accomodate fire vehicles with
attached equipment in the operating position.
5. Turns shall be designed with a radius that will allow unrestricted
turns by fire vehicles.
6. Roads shall be capable of supporting a fully loaded fire vehicle
and shall be built and designed in accordance with A.P.W.A. Standard
Specifications, 1975 Edition.
7. "KEEP CLEAR - FIRE LANE" signs shall be posted at the entrance
to any required fire access, on any required fire access and in any other
location where fire access is needed as determined by the Fire Department.
Signs shall also be posted in front of any building one hundred-fifty (150)
feet or more in length that is not within fifty (50) feet of a public street.
CONSTITUTIONALITY OR INVALIDITY. If any section, sub-section, clause or
phrase of this title is for any reason held to be invalid or unconstitutional,
such invalidity or unconstitutionality shall not affect the validity or constitu-
tionality of the remaining portions of this title, it being hereby expressly de-
clared that this title and each section, sub-section, sentence, clause and phrase
hereof would have been prepared, proposed, adopted, approved and ratified
irrespective of the fact that any one or more section, sub-section, sentence,
clause or phrase be declared invalid or unconstitutional.
If any provision, section or sub-section of this chapter or its application
to any person or circumstance is held invalid, the remainder of the provision,
section or sub-section of this chapter and the remainder of this chapter, or the
application thereof to other persons or circumstances is not affected.
PENALTY. A violation of any section or provision of this chapter is a
misdemeanor punishable by a fine of not more than two hundred and fifty dollars
($250.00) for each offense. Each day upon which a violation occurs or continues
constitutes a separate offense.
Section 2. This Ordinance shall take effect and be in force five (5) days
fram and after its passage, approval and publicati°on, as provided by law.
Page Five
Ordinance No. 3064
4-26-76 5-7-76
5-3-76
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INTRODUCED: MAY 3, 1976
PASSED: JUNE 7, 1976
APPROVED: JUNE 7, 1976
~M A Y 0 R
ATTEST:
City lerk
AP ROVED AS TO FORM:
3
i City Attorney
PUBLISHED: JUNE 16z 1976
Page Six & last
Ordinance No. 3064
4-26-76 5-7-76
5-3-76
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GUIDE FOR DETERMINATION--~
OF
REQUIRED FIRE FLOW
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INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE
~ MUNICIPAL SURVEY SERVICE
160 WATER STREET
NEW YORK, N. Y. 10038
DECEMBER, 19 4
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_ F O R E W O R D
This guide has been especially prepared for use by the municipal
survey and grading personnel of Insurance Services Offlce and other
fire insurance rating organizations. It is being made available to
municipal officials, consulting engineers, and other interested parties
as an aid in estimating fire flow requirements for municipal fire
protection. It should be reco ized that this
~ publication is a "guide"
in the Grue sense of the word, and requires knowledge and experience
in fire protection engineering for its effective application.
COPYRIGHT CO 1974
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE
Second Edition
December, 1974
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INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE
GUIDE FOR DETERMINATION OF REQUIRED FIRE FLOW
1 ~ 1. An estimate of•the fire flow required for a given fir.e area may be de-
termined by the formula:
~
0.5
~ F = 18 C (A)
~
,
~ where
F= the required fire flow in gpm
C= coefficient related to the type of construction
C= 1.5,for wood frame construction
{ = 1.0 for ordinary construction
~ 0.9 for heavy timber type buildings
, = 0.8 for noncombustible construction
i
~ = 0.6 for fire-resistive construction
~ Note: For types of construction and/or materials that do not fall within
i the categories given, use a coefficient re£lecting the difference.
i Coefficients shall not be greater than 1.5 nor less than 0.6 and
~ . may be determined by interpolation. Such interpolation shall be
~ between consecutive types of construction as listed above. Defini-
1 tions of types of construction are included in the Appendix.
j A= the total floor area (including all stories, but excluding basements)
i in the building being considered. For fire-resistive buildings consider the
~ 6 largest successive floor areas if the vertical openings are unprotected; if
+ the vertical openings are properly protected, consider only the 3 largest suc-
cessive floor areas.
The fire flow as determined by the above shall not exceed
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~ 8,000 gpm for wood frame construction
3 8,000 gpm for ordinary and heavy timber construction
~ 6,000 gpm for noncombustible construction
6,000 gpm for fire-resistive construction
~ except that for a normal 1-story building of any type of construction the fire
.
flow shall not exceed 6,000 gpm.
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a_
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a The fire flow shall not be less than 500 gpm.
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~ For 1-family and sma11 2-family dwellings not exceeding 2 stories in height see note 10.
~ 2. The value obtained in No. 1 above may be reduced by up to 25% for occupancies
having a low £ire hazard or may be increased by up to 25% for occupancies having a high
~ lefire hazard. As a guide for determining low or high hazard occupancies see the lists
in the Appendix.
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The fire flow shall not be less than 500 gpm.
3. The value obtained in Number 2 above may be reduced by up to 50% for complete
automatic sprinkler protection. Where buildings are either fire resistive or non-
combustible construction, and have a low fire hazard, the reduction may be up to 75%.
The percentage reduction made for an automatic sprinkler system will depend upon the ,
extent to which the system is judged to reduce the possibility of fires spreadinQ
within and beyond the fire area. Normally this reduction will not be the maximum
allowed without proper system supervision including water flow and valves.
4Q. To the value obtained in No. 2 above a percentage should be added for structures exposed within 150 feet by the fire area under consideration. This
percentage shall depend upon Che height, area,~and construction of the building(s) ;
b.eing exposed, the separation, openings in the exposed building(s), the length of
exposure, the provision of automatic sprinklers and/or outside sprinklers in the ;
building(s) exposed, the occupancy of the exposed building(s), and the effect of
hillside locations on the possible spread of fire..
The percentage for any one side generally should not exceed the following limits
for the separations shown:
Separation Percentage
0-10 feet 25%
11-30 20
31-60 . 15
61-100 10 ~
101-150 5 ~
The total percentage shall be the sum of the percentages for all sides, but shall
not exceed 75%. 5. The value obtained in No. 2 above is reduced by the percentage (if any)
determined in No. 3 above and increased by the percentage (if any) determined in
No. 4 above.
The fire flow shall not exceed 12,000 gpm nor be less than 500 gpm.
Note l: The guide is not expected to necessarily provide an adequate value for
lumber yards, petroleum storage, refineries, grain elevators, and large
chemical plants but may indicate a minimum value for these hazards.
Note 2: Judgment muat be used for business, industrial, and other occupancies
not specifically mentioned.
Note 3: Consideratian should be given to the configuration of the building(s)
being considered and to the fire department accessibility. ,
Note 4: Wood frame structures separated by less than 10 feet shall be considered
as one fire area.
Note 5: Party Walls:- Normally an unpierced party (common) wall may warrant up •
to a 10Y exposure charge.
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Note 6: High one-story buildings:- When a building is stated as 1= 2, or more
• stories, the number of stories to be used in the formula depends upon
the use being made of the building. For example consider a 1= 3-story
building. If the building is being used for high-piled stock, or for
rack storage, the building would probably be considered as 3 stories and,
in addition, an increased percentage for occupancy may be warranted.
However, if the building is being used for steel fabrication and the extra
height is provided only to facilitate movement of objects by a crane, the
building would probably be considered as a 1-story building and a decreased
percentage for occupancy may be warranted.
, Note 7: If a building is exposed within 150 feet, normally some percentage increase
for exposure will be made.
~ Note 8: Where wood shingle roofs could contribute to spreading fires, add 500 gpm.
Note 9: Any noncombustible building is considered to warrant an 0.8 coefficient.
Note .10: Dwellings;- For groupings of 1-family and small 2-family dwellings not
exceeding 2 stories in height, the following short method may be used.
(For other residential buildings, the regular method should be used.)
Exposure distances Suggested required fire flow
Over 100' 500 gpm
31-100' 750-1000
• 11-30' 1000-1500
10' or less 1500-2000*
*If the buildings are continuous, use a minimum of 2500 gpm.
Also consider Note 8.
Outline of Procedure
A. Determine the type of construction.
~ B. Determine the ground floor area.
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C. Determine the height in stories.
D. Using tables in the Appendix, determine the required fire flow to the nearest 250 gpm.
E. Determine the increase or decrease for occupancy and apply to the value obtained
I in D above. Do not round off the answer.,
~ F. Determine the decrease, if any, for automatic sprinkler protection. Do not round
off the value.
• G. Determine the total increase for exposures. Do not round off the value.
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H. To the answer obtained in E, subtract the value obtained in F and add the
value obtained in G.
Round off the final answer to the nearest 250 gpm if less than 2500 gpm and ~
to the nearest 500 gpm if greater than 2500 gpm.
Use of Tables (Steps A, B, C, D)
The tables use the GROUND AREA of the building and the height of the building
in stories. Using the table corresponding to the type of construction, look under
the number of stories and locate the ground area of the building(s) being considered
between two ground areas given in the table. The corresponding fire flow is found
in the left colusm.
Examples
a: Given: A 3- story building of ordinary construction of 7300 square feet
(ground area). Using the table C= 1.0, in the 3-story column, 7300 square
feet falls between 7100 and 8500 square feet and the corresponding fire
' flow is 2750 gpm.
b. Given: A 3-story building o£ ordinary construction of 7300 square feet
(ground area) communicating to a 5-story building of ordinary construction
of 9700 square feet (ground area) for a total ground area of 17,000 square
feet. Determine the total floor area which equals 3(73r00) + 5(9700) _
70,400 square feet. Using the table C= 1.0, under the one story column •
for 70,400 square feet the corresponding fire flow is 4750 gpm.
c. Given: A 3-story wood frame building of 7300 square feet (ground area)
communicating with a 5-story building of ordinary construction of 9700
square feet (ground area) for a total ground area of 17,000 square feet.
Deter,mine the total floor area for each type of construction and for the
fire area which is 3(7300) = 21,900 square feet o£ wood frame construc-
tion, 5(9700) = 48,500 square feet of ordinary construction, and a total
area of 70,400 square feet with 31% being of wood frame construction and
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69/ being of ordinary construction. Under the one-story column in.the
wood frame construction table (C = 1.5), an area of 70,400 square feet
has a corresponding fire flow of 7250 gpm. Similarly, under the one-story
column in the ordinary construction table (C = 1.0), an area of 70,400
square feet has a corresponding fire flow of 4750 gpm. In this case., the
fire flow will be 31% (7250) + 69% (4750) = 2250 + 3280 = 5530 gpm or, to
the nearest 250 gpm = 5500 gpm.
d. Given: A 2-story building consisting of 10,000 square feet (ground area)
of wood frame construction, 15,000 square feet (ground area) of ordinary
construction, 20,000 square feet (ground area) of noncombustible con-
struction, and 25,000 square feet (ground area) of fire resistive con-
struction. The total floor area is 140,000 square feet. The maximum fire
flow for wood frame construction is at 85,100 square feet (see table).
Note: "When the total area exceeds the upper limit for the poorest type of •
construction, limit the floor area of the best type(s) of construction so
Chat the total area canaidered does not exceed the upper limit £or the
pooresC type of construction." Consider 2 x 10,000 - 20,000 square feet
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INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE C Q (D.'00 .
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FIRE-FLOW US GROUND AREA F=18C(A) 0.5
Fire Resistive Construction F=gpm; C=0.6
(ground area in square feet) A=area in sq, ft.
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stories
500
3,300 1,700 1,100 800 700 -600
, 750
6,600 3,300 2,200 1,700 1,300 1,100
1000
. 10,900 5,500 3,600 2,700 2,200 1,800
1250
16,200 8,100 5,400 4,100 3,200 2,700
1500
22,700 11,400 7,600 5,700 4,500 3,800
1750 ~
730,200 15,100 10,100. 7,600 6,000 5,000
2000 ~
38,700 19,400 12,900 9,700 7,700 6,500
2250 ~
48,300 24,200 16,100 12,100 9,700 8,100 ~
2500
~ 59,000 29,500 19,700.--14,800 11,800 9,800 ~
2750
70,900 35,500 23,600 17,700 14,200 11,800
3000 , o
3250 83,700 41,900 27,900 20,900 16,800 13,900
L~J 1J
97,700 48,900 32,600 24,400 19,500 16,300 n n
3500 U
112,700 56,400 37,600 28,200 22,500 18,800 X
3750 r
128,700 64,400 42,900 32,200 251700 21,500
4000 0
145,900 73,000 48,600 36,500 29,200 24,300 „ n
4250 U
164,206 82,100 54,700 41,100 32,800 27,400
~ 4500 X
, 183,400 91,700 61,100 45,900 36,700 30,600
4750 °
. 203,700 141,900 67,900 50,900 40,700 34,000
50C'0
.225,200 112,600 75,100 56,300 45,000 37;600
5250
247,700 123,900- 82,600 61,900 49,500 41,300
5500
271,200 135,600 90,400 67,800 54,200 45,200
5750
295,900 148,000 98,600 74,000 59,200 49,300
6000 I '
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INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE
• C oRo0 FIRE FLOW VS GROUND AREA ' F=18C(A)0.5
Ordinary Construction F=gpm C=1.0
(ground area in square feet) A=area in sq, ft.
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stories
6000
115,800 57,900 38,600 28,900 23,200 19,300
, 6250
125,500 62,800 41,800 31,400 25,100 20,900
6500
• 135,500 67,800 45,200 33,900 27,100 22,600
6750
145,800 72,900i 48,600736,500 29,200 24,300
7000.
156,700 78,400- 52,200 39,200----31,300 26,100
7250 . .
167,900 84,000 56,000 42,000 33,600 28,000
7500
179,400 89,700 59,800 44,900 35,900 29,900
7750 191,400 95,700 63,800 47,900 38,300 31,900
8000
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FIRE FLOW VS GROUND AREA F=18G(A)0.5
Non-combustible Constr.uction F=gom; C=0.8
(ground area in square feet) A=area in sq, ft,
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stories
500 ,
1,900 1,000 600 500 400 300
750
3,700 1,900 1,200 900 700 600
1000
6,100 3,100 2,000 1,500 1,200 1,000
1250 9,100 4,600 3,000 2,300 1,800 1,500 . luul
1500 ~
12,700 6,400 4,200 3,200 2,500 2,100
1750
17,000 8,500 5,700 4,100----~-3,400 2,800 QQ
2000 21,800---10,900 7,300 5,500 4,400 3,600 °
2250 ~
27,200 13,600 9,100 6,800 5,400 4,500
2500
331200 16,600 11,100 8,300 6,600 5,500
2750
39,700 19,900 13,200 9,900 7,900--- 6,600
3000
47,100 23,600 15,700 11,800 9,400 7,900 OMI)
3250 71~~
54,900 27,500 18,300 13,700 11,000 9,200
3500
63 , 400 31, 700 21,100-15, 900 12, 700 10, 600 ~
3750
72,4D0 36,200 24,100 18,100 14,500 12,100 n~
4000
82,100 41,200 27,400 20,500 16,400 13,700 ~
4250
4500 92,400 • 46,200 30,800---23,100 18,500 15,400 103,100 51,600 34,400 25,800 20,600 17,200 O
4750 ~
114,600 57,300-38,200 28,700 22,900 19,100.
5000
126,700 63,400 42,200 31,700 25,300 21,100
5250 139,400--- 69,700 46,500 34,900 27,900 23,200
5500
152,600 ~ 76,300- 50,900 38,200 30,500 25,400
5750
- ~
166,500 83,300 55,500 _ 41,600-33,300 27,800 f
6000
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~
Ordinary Construction F=gpm C=1.0
(ground area in square feet)Q=area in sq. ft.
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stories
6000
115,800 57,400 38,600 28,900 23,200 19,300
. 6250
125,500 62,800 41,800 31,400 25,100 20,900
r
6500
F~ 135,500 67,800 45,200 33,900 27,100 22,600
; 6750
145,800 72, 900--48, 600 . 36, 500 29, 200 24,300
7000 -
<; . 156,700 78,400--52,200 39,204 31,300 26,100
- 7250 . •
167,900 84,000-56,000 42,000 33,600 28,000
- 7500
1791400 89,700 59,800 44,900 35,900 29,900
' 7750 .
~ 191,400 95,700 63,800 47,900 38,300 31,900
8000
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i INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE C ov
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FIRE FLOW VS GROUND AREA F-18C(A)0'5
Wood Frame Construction F=gpm; C=1.5
(ground area in square feet) A=area in sq. ft.
1 2 3 4 5 6 Stories
m
I 500
500 300 200 100 100 100
~ 750
1, 100 600 400----- 300 200 200
1000 300 -300
1,700 - 900 600 400
1250 "
2,600 1,300 - 900 700 500 400
1500
- 3,600 1,800 1,200 900 700 600
1750 ~
^ 4,800 2,400--1,600 1,200 1,000 800
2000 ~
- 6,200 3,100 2,100 1,600 1,200 1,000
2250
7,700 3,900 2,600 1,900 1,500 1,300 ~
7_500
9,400 4,700 3,200 2,400 1,900 1,600
2750 2,800 2,30Q 1,900
- 111300 5,700 3,800
3000 ~
- 13,400 6,700 4,500 3,400 2,700 2,200
3250 2,600
15,600 7,800 5,200 3,900 3,100 ~
3500
18,000 9,000 6,000 4,500-------3,600 3,000
3750 ~
20,600 ,10,300 6,900 --5,200 4,100 3,400
4000 O
23,300 11,700 7,800 5,800 4,700 3,900
4250
26,300 13,200---- 8,800 6,600 5,300 4,400
4500
29,300. 14,700 9,800 7,300 5,900 4,90
4750
- 32,600 16,300 10,900 8,200. 6,500 5,400
5000
36,000 18,000 12,000 9,000 7,200 6,000
5250
39,600 19,800 13,200-- 9,900 7,900 6,600
5500
43,400 21,700 14,500------10,900 8,700 7,200
5750
47,400 23,700 15,800 11,900 9,500 , 7,900
b000 _R_
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Experience has shown that the following credits should normally
be applied for the occupancies listed: ~t
Dwellings*, apartments, and dormitories -25%
Hospitals -20% . ;
Elementary schools -20% I
Junior and Senior high schools -15% ~
Open parking garages -25% ~
*when applying the standard method.
For other occupancies, good judgment should be used, and the
percentage increase or decrease will not necessarily be the same for !
all b.uildings that are in the same general category - for example , j
"Colleges and Universities": this could range from a 25% decrease !
for buildings used only as dormitories to an increase for a chemical ~
laboratory. Even when considering high schools, the decrease should be less if they have extensive shops.
It is expected that in commercial buildings no percentage increase
or decrease for occupancy will be applied in most of the £ire flow de-
terminations. In general, percentage increase or decrease will not be
at the limits of + 25%.
EXPOSURES
When determining exposures it is necessary to understand that
the exposure percentage increase for a fire in a building (x) ex-
posing another building (y) does not necessarily equal the percentage
• . increase when the fire is in building (y) exposing building (x). The
Guide gives the maximum possible percentage for exposure at specified
distances. However, these maximum percentages should not be used for
all exposures at those distances. In each case the percentage applied
should reflect the actual conditions but should not exceed the per-
centage listed.
The maximum percentage for the separations listed generally
should be used if the exposed building meets all of the following
conditions:
a. Same type or a poorer type of construction than the
fire building. b. Same or greater height than the fire building.
c. Contains unprotected exposed openings.
' d. Unsprinklered.
. -7-
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of wood frame construction, plus 2 x 15,000 = 30,000 square feet of ordinary
construction plus 2 x 20,000 - 40,000 square feet (limited to 35,,100 square
• feet) of noncombustible construction. The fire flow will be 24% x 8000
(wood frame) + 35% x 6750* (ordinary) + 41% x 5500* (nancombustibld) = 1920
+ 2362 + 2255 = 6537 gpm, or to the nearest 250 gpm, = 6500 gpm.
E
~ *based upoa 140,000 square feet.
~
I
! e. Given: A 2-story buildimg of ordi.nary construction of 105,000 square
feet (ground area) cotmnunicates with a 1-story building of noncombustible
~ construction of 80,000 square feet (ground area). Normally the required
fire flow would be determined by proportioning as in "c" above. This
~ would result in a required fire flow of 7460 gpm, or 7500 gpm. However,
it is to be noted that the total area of the 2-atory building alone results
~ in a fire flow of 8,000 gpm and, of course, the logical answer would be
8,000 gpm. Any time the total area results in the use of an upper limit
for fire flow, the possibility of a portion of the fire area justifying the
upper limit must be investigated.
f. Given: A normal l-story building of ordinary construction of 210,000 square
feet (ground area).' The table gives a required fire flow of 8,000 gpm,
however, sirlce this is a normal 1-story building, the maximum fire flow is
6,000 gpm.
g. Given: A normal 1-story building of ordinary construction of 80,000 square
feet comtauniCates with a normaJ. 1-story building of noncombustible construc-
. tion of 85,000 square feet. Normally the required flre flow would be de-
termined by proportioning as in "c" above. Thie would result in a required
£ire flow of 6480 gpm, or 6500 gpm. However, since theae are normal 1-story
buildings the maximum fire flow is 6,000 gpm.
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• A P P E N D I X '
TYPES OF CONSTRUCTION
' For the specific purpose of using the Guide, the following defir.i- •
tions may be used:
Fire-Resistive Construction.- Any structure that is considered
fire-resistive by any of the four model building codes.
Noncombustible Construction.- Any structure having all structural
members including walls, columns, piers, beams, girders,
trusses, floors, and roofs of noncombustible material and not
qualifying as fire-resistive construction.
Ordinary Construction.- Any structure having exterior walls of
masonry or other noncombustible material in which the other
structural members, including but not limited to columns,
floors, roofs, beams, girders, and joists, are wholly or
partly of wood or other combustible material.
Iieavy timber type buildings are required to satisfy a number of
specific provisions (see any of the four model building.codes). ~
. ~
Wood Frame'Construction.- Any structure in which the structural i
members are wholly or partly of wood or other combustible j
material and the construction does not qualify as ordinary ~
construction.
OCCUPANCY ~
Low Hazard Occupancies:
Apartments Libraries, except Large Stack Room Areas
Asylums Museums ~
Churches Nursing, Convalescent and Care Homes ~
Clubs Office Buildings ~
Colleges and Universities Prisons !
Dormitories Public Buildings
Dwellings Rooming Houses '
Hospitals Schools
Hotels Tenements
Institutions High Hazard Qccupancies:
Aircraft Hangers
Cereal, Feed, Flour and Grist Mills
Chemical Works - High Hazard
Cotton Picker and Opening Operations
Explpsives and Pyrotechnics Manufacturing
High Piled Combustible Storage in excess of 21 feet high
Linoleum and Oilcloth Manufacturing
Linseed Oil Mills
Match Manufacturing
Oil Refineries Paint Shops
Pyroxylin Plastic Manufacturing and Processing
Shade C1oth Manufacturing .
Solvent Extracting
Varnish and Paint Works •
Wood Working with Flammable Finishing
.Other occupancies involving processing, mixing, storage
and dispensing flammable and/or combustible liquids.
INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE
FIRE FLOW VS GROUND AREA F=18C(A)0.5
C o
Wood Frame Construction F=gpm; C 1.5
(ground area in square feet) A=area in sq. ft.
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 Storie:
6000
51,500 25,800 17,200 12,900 10,300 8,600
6250
' 55,700 27,900 18,600 13,900 11,100 9,300
6500
~ 60,200 30,100 20,100 15,100 12,000 10,000
6750
642800 32,400 21,600 16,200 13,000 10,800
7000
69,600 34,800 23,200 17,400 13,900 11,600
~ 7250
74,600 37,300 24,900 18,700 14,900 12,400
~ 7500
,79,800 39,900 26,600 20,000 16,000 13,300
Q 7750 '
~ 85,100 42,600 28,400 21,300 17,000 14,200
8000
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INSURANCE SERVICES OFFICE c ° R~
FIRE FLOW VS GROUND AREA F=18C(A)0•5 •
Ordinary Construction F=gpm; C=1.0
(ground area in square feet) A=area in sq. ft.
m 1 2 3 4 5 6 Stories i
500
1,200 600 400 300 200 200 ~
750 2,400 1,200 800 600 500 400
1000
3,900 2,000 1,300 1,000 800 700 `
1250
' 5,800 2,900 1,900 1,500 1,200 1,000
1500
8,200 4,100 2,700 2,100 1,600 1,400
1750
10,900 5,500 3,600 2,700 2,200 1,800 F
2000 ~
i 13,900 7,000 4,600 3,500 2,800 2,300 ;Y
2250 rn-? ~
17,400 8,700 5,800 4,400 3,500 2,900,
! 2500 ;s
I 21,300 10,700 7,100 5,300 4,300 3,600
2750
25,500 12,800 8,500 6,400 5,100 4,300
i 3000 '
' 30,100 15,100 10,000 7,500 6,000 5,000
I
3250
I 35,200 17,600 11,700 8,800 7,000 5,900 ~
3500
~ 40,600 20,300 13,500 10,200 8,100 6,800 '
3750 ~ F
~ 46,400 23,200 15,500 11,600 9,300 7,700
4000 ~
~ 525500 26>30D 17>500 13>100 10,500 8,800
;
4250
, 59,100 29,600 19,700 14,800 11,800 9,900
; 4500
y 66,000 33,000 22,000 16,500 13,200 11,000
.4750
73,300 36,700 24,400 18,300 14,700 12,200
5000
~ 81,100 40,600 27,000 20,300 16,200 13,500
{ 5250 { 89,200 44,600 29,700 22,300 17,800 14,900 ~
5500
; 97,700 48,900 32,600 24,400 19,500 16,300
~ 5750
f 106,500 53,300 35,500 26,600 21,300 17,800
~ 6000 ~
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_r, ' . . • . . STATE OF WA5HINGTON)
) s5.
COUNTY OF KING)
I, Frank L. Shepard, the duly appointed, qualified City Clerk of the City
of Auburn, a Municipal Corporation and Code City, situate in the County of King,
State of Washington, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a fu11, true and
correct copy of ORDINANCE No.3064 of the ordinances of the City of Auburn,
entitled "AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY OF AUBURN, WASHINGTON, RELATING TO THE
INSTALLATION OF FIRE HYDRANT5 AND MAIN5 SUPPLYING WATER FOR FIRE PROTECTION, THE
PROVIDING OF FIRE VEHICLE ACCESS TO FIRE HYDRANTS AND AROUND BUILDING5 AND AREAS
FOR FIRE FIGHTING PURPOSES IN THE CITY OF AUBURN, WASHINGTON, ON PRIVATE AND
PUBLIC PROPERTY, AND REPEALING ALL OTHER ORDINANCES IN CONFLICT THEREWITH.
I further certify that said Ordinance No. 3064 was duly passed by the Council
and approved by the Mayor of the said City of Auburn and published as provided by
law in the Auburn Globe News, a weekly newspaper published in the City of Auburn, and
, of general circulation therein, on the 16 day of June , A.D., 19 76<.
WITNESS my hand and the official seal of the City of Awburn, this 16 day
of June , A.D., 19 76
CITY CLERK OF THE ClffY OF AUBURN
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