HomeMy WebLinkAboutJohn Nelson, Maul Foster & Alongi Inc AG-C-345A 3 ~'c,.-T
2008 AGREEMENT FOR PROFESSIONAL SERVICES
AG-C-345
THIS AGREEMENT made and entered into by and between the CITY OF
AUBURN, a Municipal Corporation in King County, Washington, hereinafter referred to
as "CITY" and JOHN NELSON, MAUL FOSTER & ALONGI Inc. whose address is
3121 SW Moody Avenue, Suite 200, Portland, OR 97239, hereinafter referred to as
"CONSULTANT."
In consideration of the covenants and conditions of this Agreement, the parties
hereby agree as follows:
1. SCOPE OF WORK
See Exhibit A, which is attached hereto and by this reference made a part of this
Agreement.
2. TERM
The CONSULTANT shall not begin any work under this Agreement until
authorized in writing by the CITY. All work under this Agreement shall be completed by
February 28, 2009, and can be amended by both parties.
The established completion time shall not be extended because of any delays
attributable to the CONSULTANT, but may be extended by the CITY in the event of a
delay attributable to the CITY, or because of unavoidable delays caused by an act of
GOD or governmental actions or other conditions beyond the control of the
CONSULTANT. A prior supplemental Agreement issued by the CITY is required to
extend the established completion time.
3. COMPENSATION
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 1 of 10
The total compensation for this Agreement shall not exceed $12,100, paid per
rates are attached in the fee schedule as shown on Exhibit B, which is attached hereto
and by this reference made a part of this Agreement.
The CONSULTANT shall be paid by the CITY for direct non-salary cost, per
attached Exhibit C, at the actual cost to the CONSULTANT. Exhibit C is attached
hereto and by this reference made a part of this Agreement. These charges may
include, but are not limited to the following items: outside reproduction fees, courier
fees, subconsultant fees, and materials and supplies. The billing for non-salary cost,
directly identifiable with the project, shall be submitted as an itemized listing of charges
supported by copies of the original bills, invoices, expense accounts and miscellaneous
supporting data retained by the CONSULTANT. Copies of the original supporting
documents shall be supplied to the CITY upon request. All above charges must be
necessary for the services provided under the Agreement.
In the event services are required beyond those specified in the Scope of Work,
and not included in the compensation listed in this Agreement, a contract modification
shall be negotiated and approved by the CITY prior to any effort being expended on
such services.
4. SUBCONTRACTING
The CITY permits subcontracts for those items of work necessary for the
completion of the project. The CONSULTANT shall not subcontract for the
performance of any work under this AGREEMENT without prior written permission of
the CITY. No permission for subcontracting shall create, between the CITY and
subcontractor, any contractor or any other relationship.
Compensation for any subconsultant work is included in Section 3 of this
Agreement and all reimbursable direct labor, overhead, direct non-salary costs and
fixed fee costs for the subconsultant shall be substantiated in the same manner as
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 2 of 10
outlined in Section 3. All subcontracts exceeding $10,000 in cost shall contain all
applicable provisions of this AGREEMENT.
5. RESPONSIBILITY OF CONSULTANT
The CONSULTANT shall be responsible for the professional quality, technical
accuracy, timely completion and the coordination of all studies, analysis, designs,
drawings, specifications, reports and other services performed by the CONSULTANT
under this Agreement. The CONSULTANT shall, without additional compensation,
correct or revise any errors, omissions or other deficiencies in its plans, designs,
drawings, specifications, reports and other services required. The CONSULTANT shall
perform its services to conform to generally-accepted professional planning and
architectural standards and the requirements of the CITY.
Any approval by the CITY under this Agreement shall not in any way relieve the
CONSULTANT of responsibility for the technical accuracy and adequacy of its services.
Except as otherwise provided herein, neither the CITY'S review, approval or
acceptance of, nor payment for, any of the services shall be construed to operate as a
waiver of any rights under this Agreement or of any cause of action arising out of the
performance of this Agreement to the full extent of the law.
6. INDEMNIFICATION/HOLD HARMLESS
The CONSULTANT shall defend, indemnify and hold the CITY, its officers,
officials, volunteers, and employees harmless from any and all claims, injuries,
damages, losses, or suits, including attorney fees, arising out of or resulting from the
acts, errors or omissions of the CONSULTANT in performance of this Agreement.
7. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR/ASSIGNMENT
The parties agree and understand that the CONSULTANT is an independent
contractor and not the agent or employee of the CITY and that no liability shall attach to
the CITY by reason of entering into this Agreement except as otherwise provided
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 3 of 10
herein. The parties agree that this Agreement may not be assigned in whole or in part
without the written consent of the CITY.
8. INSURANCE
CONSULTANT shall procure and maintain for the duration of this Agreement,
insurance against claims for injuries to persons or damage to property which may arise
from or in connection with the performance of the work hereunder by the
CONSULTANT, its agents, representatives, or employees.
CONSULTANT'S maintenance of insurance as required by the Agreement shall
not be construed to limit the liability of the CONSULTANT to the coverage provided by
such insurance, or otherwise limit the City's recourse to any remedy available at law or
in equity.
CONSULTANT shall obtain insurance of the types and in the amounts described
below:
a. Automobile Liability insurance covering all owned, non-owned, hired and
leased vehicles, with a minimum combined single limit for bodily injury and
property damage of $1,000,000 per accident. Coverage shall be written on
Insurance Services Office (ISO) form CA 00 01 or a substitute form providing
equivalent liability coverage. If necessary, the policy shall be endorsed to
provide contractual liability coverage.
b. Commercial General Liability insurance shall be written on ISO occurrence
form CG 00 01 and shall cover liability arising from premises, operations,
independent contractors, and personal injury and advertising injury, with limits
no less than $1,000,000 each occurrence, $2,000,000 general aggregate.
The CITY shall be named as an insured under the CONSULTANT'S .
Commercial General Liability insurance policy with respect to the work
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 4 of 10
performed for the CITY using the applicable ISO Additional Insured
endorsement or equivalent.
c. Worker's Compensation coverage as required by the Industrial Insurance
laws of the State of Washington.
d. Professional Liability insurance appropriate to the CONSULTANT'S
profession, with limits no less than $1,000,000 per claim and $1,000,000
policy aggregate limit.
The insurance policies are to contain, or be endorsed to contain, the following
provisions for Automobile Liability and Commercial General Liability insurance:
a. The CONSULTANT'S insurance coverage shall be primary insurance as
respects the CITY. Any insurance, self insurance, or insurance pool
coverage maintained by the CITY shall be excess of the CONSULTANT'S
insurance and shall not contribute with it.
b. The CONSULTANT'S insurance shall be endorsed to state that coverage
shall not be cancelled by either party, except after thirty (30) days prior written
notice has been given to the CITY by certified mail, return receipt requested.
All insurance shall be obtained from an insurance company authorized to do
business in the State of Washington. Insurance is to be placed with insurers with a
current A.M. Best rating of not less than A-:VII.
The CONSULTANT shall furnish the City with certificates of insurance and a
copy of the amendatory endorsements, including but not necessarily limited to the
additional insured endorsement, evidencing the insurance coverage required by this
section, before commencement of the work. The CITY reserves the right to require that
complete, certified copies of all required insurance policies be submitted to the CITY at
any time. The CITY will pay no progress payments under Section 3 until the
CONSULTANT has fully complied with this section.
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 5 of 10
9. NONDISCRIMINATION
The CONSULTANT may not discriminate regarding any services or activities to
which this Agreement may apply directly or through contractual, hiring, or other
arrangements on the grounds of race, color, creed, religion, national origin, sex, age, or
where there is the presence of any sensory, mental or physical handicap.
10. OWNERSHIP OF RECORDS AND DOCUMENTS
The CONSULTANT agrees that any and all drawings, computer discs,
documents, records, books, specifications, reports, estimates, summaries and such
other information and materials as the CONSULTANT may have accumulated,
prepared or obtained as part of providing services under the terms of this Agreement by
the CONSULTANT, shall belong to and shall remain the property of the CITY OF
AUBURN. In addition, the CONSULTANT agrees to maintain all books and records
relating to its operation and concerning this Agreement for a period of six (6) years
following the date that this Agreement is expired or otherwise terminated. The
CONSULTANT further agrees that the CITY may inspect any and all documents held by
the CONSULTANT and relating to this Agreement upon good cause at any reasonable
time within the six (6) year period. The CONSULTANT also agrees to provide to the
CITY, at the CITY'S request, the originals of all drawings, documents, and items
specified in this Section and information compiled in providing services to the CITY
under the terms of this Agreement.
11. CERTIFICATION REGARDING DEBARMENT, SUSPENSION, AND
OTHER RESPONSIBILITY MATTERS-PRIMARY COVERED TRANSACTIONS
The prospective primary participant certifies to the best of its knowledge and
belief, that it and its principals:
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 6 of 10
(a) Are not presently debarred, suspended, proposed for debarment, declared
ineligible, or voluntarily excluded from covered transactions by any federal
department or agency;
(b) Have not within a three-year period preceding this proposal been convicted of
or had a civil judgment rendered against them for commission or fraud or a
criminal offense in connection with obtaining, attempting to obtain, or
performing a public (federal, state, or local) transaction or contract under a
public transaction; violation of federal or state antitrust statues or commission
of embezzlement, theft, forgery, bribery, falsification or destruction of records,
making false statements, or receiving stolen property;
(c) Are not presently indicted for or otherwise criminally or civilly charged by a
governmental entity (federal, state, or local) with commission of any of the
offenses enumerated in paragraph "(b)" of this certification; and
(d) Have not within a three-year period preceding this application/proposal had
one or more public transactions (federal, state, or local) terminated for cause
or default.
Where the prospective primary participant is unable to certify to any of the
statements in this certification, such prospective participant shall attach an explanation
to this proposal.
12. TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT
This Agreement may be terminated by either party upon finrenty (20) days written
notice to the other party, and based upon any cause. In the event of termination due to
the fault of other(s) than the CONSULTANT, the CONSULTANT shall be paid by the
CITY for services performed to the date of termination.
Upon receipt of a termination notice under the above paragraph, the
CONSULTANT shall (1) promptly discontinue all services affected as directed by the
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 7 of 10
written notice, and (2) deliver to the CITY all data, drawings, specifications, reports,
estimates, summaries, and such other information and materials as the CONSULTANT
may have accumulated, prepared or obtained in performing this Agreement, whether
completed or in process.
13. GENERAL PROVISIONS
13.1. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws, regulations and ordinances
of the City of Auburn, the State of Washington, King County, and where applicable,
Federal laws.
13.2. All claims, disputes and other matters in question arising out of, or relating
to, this Agreement or the breach hereof, except with respect to claims which have been
waived, will be decided by a court of competent jurisdiction in King County, Washington.
Pending final decision of a dispute hereunder, the CONSULTANT and the CITY shall
proceed diligently with the perFormance of the services and obligations herein.
13.3. In the event that any dispute or conflict arises between the parties while
this Agreement is in effect, the CONSULTANT agrees that, nofinrithstanding such
dispute or conflict, the CONSULTANT shall continue to make a good faith effort to
cooperate and continue work toward successful completion of assigned duties and
responsibilities.
13.4. The CITY and the CONSULTANT respectively bind themselves, their
partners, successors, assigns, and legal representatives to the other party to this
Agreement with respect to all covenants to this Agreement.
13.5. This Agreement represents the entire and integrated Agreement between
the CITY and the CONSULTANT and supersedes all prior negotiations, representations
or agreements either oral or written. This Agreement may be amended only by written
instrument signed by both the CITY and the CONSULTANT.
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 8 of 10
13.6. Should it become necessary to enforce any term or obligation of this
Agreement, then all costs of enforcement including reasonable attorneys fees and
expenses and court costs shall be paid to the substantially prevailing party.
13.7. The CONSULTANT agrees to comply with all local, state and federal laws
applicable to its performance as of the date of this Agreement.
13.8. If any provision of this Agreement is invalid or unenforceable, the
remaining provisions shall remain in force and effect.
13.9. This Agreement shall be administered by John Nelson on behalf of the
CONSULTANT, and by the Mayor of the CITY, or designee, on behalf of the CITY. Any
written notices required by the terms of this Agreement shall be served on or mailed to
the following addresses:
City of Auburn
Attn: Elizabeth Chamberlain
25 W Main Street
Auburn WA 98001
Phone: 253.931.3092
Fax: 253. 804.3114
E-mail: echamberlain(a~auburnwa.gov
Maul Foster Alongi
Attn: John Nelson
3121 SW Moody Ave, Ste 200
Portland, OR 97239
Phone: 503.501.5231
Fax: 971.544.2140
E-mail: inelson(a~maulfoster.com
13.10. All notices or communications permitted or required to be given under
this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be delivered in person or deposited in the
United States mail, postage prepaid. Any such delivery shall be deemed to have been
duly given if mailed by certified mail, return receipt requested, and addressed to the
address for the party set forth in 13.9 or if to such other person designated by a party to
receive such notice. It is provided, however, that mailing such notices or
communications by certified mail, return receipt requested is an option, not a
requirement, unless specifically demanded or otherwise agreed.
Any party may change his, her, or its address by giving notice in writing, stating
his, her, or its new address, to any other party, all pursuant to the procedure set forth in
this section of the Agreement.
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 9 of 10
13.11. This Agreement may be executed in multiple counterparts, each of which
shall be one and the same Agreement and shall become effective when one or more
counterparts have been signed by each of the parties and delivered to the other party.
CITY OF AUBURN
s ) ..i'
. „ .w...._...,,..
~
Peter'B. Lewis, Mayor
Date NOV 1~ 7;~2008
ATTEST:
Da i Ile E. Daskam, City Clerk
MAUL FOSTER ALONGI
BY:
Title:
Federal Tax Z-
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 10 of 10
nooonVEn nc Tn rnonn•
EXHIBIT A
SCOPE OF WORK
OBJECTIVE
Develop options for design concepts, that vary in cost, for the City Hall Plaza. The
plaza will be located in front of City Hall extending out towards the intersection of Main
Street/Division Street and be connected with the plaza for the Auburn Professional
Plaza building located east of City Hall.
The design must be:
• Consistent with anticipated development concepts for adjoining properties;
■ Consistent with physical constraints of existing rights-of-way, etc.;
■ Compatible with downtown sidewalk design guidelines;
■ Allow for safe and efficient movement of traffic and pedestrians;
■ Allow for physical design that can be programmed in such a way that
contributes to a destination "experience" downtown;
■ Considers the ease of an efficiency of long-term care and maintenance of
public spaces; and
■ Considers its relationship to the balance of uses in the downtown are, and
properly manages the transition of these public features to these uses.
■ Consider the historic aspects of the city of Auburn such as railroads, northern
clay tile and Native American culture (finro rivers; Green and White).
SCOPE OF WORK
1. Meet or phone conference with City to confirm Project Scope.
2. Confirmation of Project Objectives - future needs, uses, and users:
■ Meet with City staff to understand parameters/concerns/city limitations.
■ Meet with the Downtown Redevelopment Committee to ascertain policy
direction on initial concepts.
3. Develop a set of design principles for all concepts.
4. Present and discuss with the Downtown Redevelopment Committee.
5. Develop up to three (3) design concepts for presentation. At least one of the
alternatives shall include a water feature within the plaza. Along with drawings
include a spreadsheet outline the varying cost options.
Exhibit A
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 1 of 2
s. Present concepts with City staff and solicit feedback and then present concepts to
Downtown Redevelopment Committee.
7. Revise and finalize preferred concept.
s. Present concept to City Staff and two City Council Committees (Downtown
Redevelopment Committee and PCD).
Exhibit A
Agreement No. AG-C-345
Page 2 of 2
EXHIBIT B
FEE SCHEDULE
Tasks
Fee Amount
1. Research Analysis and Schematic
Desi n
$5,300.00
2. Design Development and Concept
Pre aration
$4,300.00
3. Presentations and Final Concept
Develo ment
$2,500.00
Total
$12,100.00
Exhibit B
Agreement No. AG-C-xxx
Page 1 of 1
EXHIBIT C
DIRECT NON-SALARY REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES
• Outside Reproduction Fees
• Courier Fees
• Subconsultant Fees
• Materials and Supplies
• Mileage at $0.585/mile or the current approved IRS rate
Subcontracts: The CONSULTANT, at the CITY'S request shall enter into subcontracts
with other consultants, such as appraisers and/or environmental consultants, etc. If
approved, the CITY shall reimburse the CONSULTANT for the actual cost of the
subcontracts plus a 10% markup to cover the CONSULTANT'S additional overhead
expense associated with the Subcontract.
Exhibit C
Agreement No. AG-C-xxx
Page 1 of 1
CONSULTANT INVOICES
CONSULTANT invoices should contain the following information:
• On CONSULTANT letterhead.
• A cover letter stating the status of each task. This should include items completed, percent
completed during the billing period and completion along with funding status.
• Internal invoice number and/or sequential numeric number (i.e.: progress payment # 10).
• Invoice date.
• Period of time invoice covers.
• Consultant Agreement # (i.e.: AG-C-115).
• Project number(s) listed (i.e.: PR562).
• CITY'S project manager listed.
• The hour(s) per person broken down by task(s) (attach timesheets, spreadsheet detailing
timesheets, or some other form of proofl along with type of work done (i.e.: design, right-of-
way, or construction) or task order number.
• Direct salary (base salaries).
• Indirect salary (benefits).
• Direct non-salary (i.e.: mileage, reproduction fees (i.e.: printing, copying), communication
fees (i.e.: telephone), supplies, computer charges, subconsultants), indirect non-salary
(overhead). The CITY does not pay for CONSULTANT meals unless part of a task requires
travel outside of the greater Seattle, Tacoma, and Everett area. These costs are to be
broken down and backup information is to be attached to invoice. Project managers are to
inform CONSULTANTS as to what is required for break down information and if backup
information is to be attached. Break out the same for subconsultant charges.
• Previous and remaining base contract amounts left in each task and total contract - total
authorized amount (bottom line figure). Add amendments to this base contract amount for
total authorized amount.
• Percentage of work completed to date compared to total amount of work (if required by the
project manager).
• Status of Management Reserve Fund (MRF) (i.e.: a certain task) until we can get an
amendment in place.
• Invoices for previous year are due by January 15th
• For grant/special funded projects there might be other special information needed,
reference the LAG manual.
Consultant Invoices
Agreement No. AG-C-xxx
Page 1 of 2
SAMPLE INVOICE
Ciry of Auburn
25 West Main
Auburn WA 98001
Attn: Scott Nutter, Project Engineer
Agency Agreement AG-C-010
Invoice 5222
Progress Payment 2
Invoice Date: February 10, 2008
Project Name: Thomas Nelson Farm
Project PR562
Engineering Services performed during the period of: January 2002
SAMPLE ENGINEERING, INC.
Personnel
Hours
Hourl Rate
Amount
Mike Jones, Princi al in Char e
1
$ 125.00
$ 125.00
Carla Maker, Architect
5
$ 72.00
$ 144.00
Joe Smith, Word Processin
10
$ 48.00
$ 480.00
Consultant Personnel Subtotal
$ 749.00
Ex enses see attached documentation
Char es
Multi lier
Amount
Mike Jones, Princi al in Char e
20 miles
x1.1
$ 7.59
Carla Maker, Architect
$ 30.00
x1.1
$ 33.00
Joe Smith, Word Processin
$ 29.00
x1.1
$ 31.90
Consultant Ex enses Subtotal
$ 72.49
Consultant Total:
$
821.49
SUB CONSULTANTS (see attached documentation)
Subconsultant
Hours
Hourl Rate
Amount
ABC Environmental, Inc., Civil En ineer
10
$
100.00
$
1,000.00
Electrical Consultin , Electrical En ineer
5
$
100.00
500.00
Mechanical Solutions, Mechanical En ineer
10
$
100.00
MRF
1,000.00
Movin Com an , Movin Consultant
2
$
50.00
100.00
Subconsultant Subtotal
$
2,600.00
Subtotal x 1.1 Multi lier
$
2,860.00
Subconsultant Total:
$ 2,860,00
$ 3,681.49
TOTAL DUE THIS INVOICE
nnL1r13wrT 00CAllnl1WA1
<rV191 I\MV 1
u1~~r'u~vv~~~
Amount
Totallnvoiced
%
%
Amount
Task
Authorized
Prior Invoiced
This Invoice
To Date
Ex ended
Com leted
Remainin
Original
Contract
$ 22,000.00
$ 1,025.00
$ 2,681.49
$ 3,706.49
20%
25%
$ 18,293.51
MRF*
2,500.00
0.00
1,000.00
1,0000.00
40%
45%
1,500.00
TOTAL
$ 24,500.00
$ 1,025.00
$ 3,681.49
$ 4,706.49
$ 19,793.51
Note: MRF=Management Reserve Fund
* Received a written authorization of MRF on 1/10101 for Mechanical Engineer task in the amount of
$2,000.00.
Consultant Invoices
Agreement No. AG-C-xxx
Page 2 of 2
A3 i cI . ~
AMENDMENT #1 TO AGREEMENT NO. AG-C-345 BETWEEN
THE CITY OF AUBURN AND JOHN NELSON, MAUL FOSTER ALONGI, INC.
RELATING TO THE CITY HALL PLAZA
THIS AMENDMENT is made and entered into this ~ day of ,
2001 , by and between the CITY OF AUBURN, a municipal corpor ion of the State of
Washington (hereinafter referred to as the "CITY"), and JOHN NELSON, MAUL
FOSTER ALONGI, INC. (hereinafter referred to as the "CONSULTANT"), as an
Amendment to the Agreement between the parties for AG-C-345 executed on the 17tn
day of November 2008.
The changss to the agreement are described as follows:
1. CONTRACT TERM: The term of the Hgreement for Professional Services is
extended to June 30, 2009.
2. SCOPE OF WORK: The scope of work is amended to include the following tasks:
• Completion of design principles and concept for City Hall Plaza.
• Continue to work with Downtown Development Committee in meetings (limited to
three) and communicated through City Project Manager.
• Complete City Hall Plaza Master Plan.
* Complete Construction Budget.
} Complete graphic illustrations including 1) Plan View, and 2) Perspective 3-D
View for electronic and hard copy distribution, and enlarged for public display.
~ Conduct site investigations and due diligence with City staff and prepare
Findings.
~ Prepare detailed scope of work for Final Design Phase including, but not limited
to: required technical documents ("plans and specs"); required professional
support (electrical, mechanical, structural'); and, fast track construction methods.
■ Provide "Preliminary Design" options for plaza paving patterns; landscape plant
material; and, continued refinement of site furnishings.
3. COMPENSATION: The amount of this amendment is $12,100. The total contract
amount is increased to a total of $24,200.
REMAINING TERMS UNCHANGED: That all other provisions of the Agreement
between the parties for AG-C-345 executed on the 17 day of November 2008, shall
remain unchanged, and in full force and effect.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the
day and year first above written.
1 MFA provides landscape architecture and civil engineering services licensed in the State of Washington
Amendment No. 1 for Agreement No. AG-C-345
John Nelson, Maul Foster Algoni, Inc.
Page 1 of 3
MAUL FOSTER ALONGI, INC. C
Aut rized signature p~-p o~ Pete B. Lewis, Mayor
ATTEST (Optional):
By:
Its:
Approved as to form (Optional):
ATTEST:
k" (~O- ~
Daniei'le E. Qaskam, Auburn City Clerk
Attorney for (Other Party)
Amendment No. 1 for Agreement No. AG-C-345
John Nelson, Maul Foster Algoni, Inc.
Page 2 of 3
EXHIBIT A
FEE SCHEDULE
Previous Tasks
Previous Fee Amount
1. Research Analysis and Schematic
Desi n
$5,300.00
2. Design Development and Concept
Pre aration
$4,300.00
3. Presentations and Final Concept
Develo rnent
$2,500.00
Total
$12,100.00
Amended Tasks
Amended Fee Amount
4. Continue developing the city hall ptaza
$4,000.00
master lan.
5. Continue working with the Downtown
$3,000.00
Redevelopment Committee to finalize
cit hall laza master lan.
6. Prepare detailed scope of work for the
$5,100.00
Final Desi n Phase.
Total
$12,100.00
Total Contract Amount
$24,200.00
Exhibit A
Amendment No. 1 for Agreement No. AG-C-345
John Nelson, Maul Foster Algoni, Inc.
Page 1 of 3