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02-05-2007 ITEM VIII-B-5
A"'CITY0E- * AGENDA BILL APPROVAL FORM WASHINGTON Agenda Subject: Resolution No. 4149 Date: January 17, 2007 Department: Attachments: Resolution No. 4149 Budget Impact: Information Services and Exhibit "A" Mapcon Statement of Work Administrative Recommendation: City Council adopt Resolution No. 4149 Background Summary: Resolution No. 4149 authorizes the Mayor to enter into a service agreement between Mapcon Mapping and the City of Auburn for Orthophotography and Planimetric Feature Collection services for the City. T0205-1 A3.16.9, A3.16.12 Reviewed by Council & Committees: Reviewed by Departments & Divisions: ❑ Arts Commission COUNCIL COMMITTEES: ❑ Building ❑ M&O ❑ Airport ❑ Finance ❑ Cemetery ❑ Mayor ❑ Hearing Examiner ❑ Municipal Serv. ❑ Finance ❑ Parks ❑ Human Services ® Planning & CD ❑ Fire ❑ Planning ❑ Park Board ®Public Works ❑ Legal ❑ Police ❑ Planning Comm. ❑ Other ❑ Public Works ❑ Human Resources ® Information Services Action: Committee Approval: ❑Yes ❑No Council Approval: ❑Yes []No Call for Public Hearing Referred to Until _/_1 Tabled Until _!_/_ Councilmember: Wagner Staff: Rem her Meetin Date: Februar 5, 2007 Item Number: V111.6.5 AUBURN * MORE THAN YOU IMAGINED RESOLUTION NO. 41 4 9 A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF AUBURN, WASHINGTON AUTHORIZING THE MAYOR AND CITY CLERK TO EXECUTE AN AGREEMENT WITH MAPCON MAPPING FOR THE PURPOSE OF PROVIDING ORTHO PHOTOGRAPHY AND PLANIMETRIC FEATURE COLLECTION FOR THE CITY WHEREAS, the City of Auburn has identified a need to upgrade the Aerial photographs of the City used in maps and other City applications which are vital to the public safety and operating of the City; and WHEREAS, the Public Works staff and the Information Services staff analyzed the needs of the City and identified the best available options to provide for the updated and improved Aerial photos of the City; and WHEREAS, the funds for this Orthophotography and Planimetric Feature Collection were approved as part of the 2007 budget; and WHEREAS, the City distributed a Request for Proposals (RFP) to several vendors and received a bid from Mapcon Mapping; and WHEREAS the City has determined that Mapcon Mapping is able and qualified to provide services necessary, at a cost that is acceptable to the City and it is therefor appropriate, based on this bid, for the City to execute an agreement with Mapcon Mapping attached hereto as per Exhibit "A" and by reference made a part hereof. NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF AUBURN, WASHINGTON HEREBY RESOLVES as follows: --------------------------- Resolution No. 4149 January 17, 2007 Page 1 of 2 Section 1. Purpose. That the Mayor and the City Clerk are authorized to execute an agreement in substantial conformity with the bid attached hereto, marked as Exhibit "A" and incorporated herein by this reference. Section 2. Implementation. The Mayor of the City of Auburn is hereby authorized to implement such administrative procedures as may be necessary to carry out the directions of this resolution. Section 3. Effective Date. This Resolution shall take effect and be in full force upon passage and signatures hereon. DATED AND SIGNED THIS day of 2007. CITY OF AUBURN PETER B. LEWIS MAYOR ATTEST: Danielle E. Daskam, City Clerk ?(nM B. Heid, ty Attorney Resolution No. 4149 January 17, 2007 Page 2 of 2 UM - M A P P I N G I N C, SOW Attachment "A" City of Auburn, Washington Statement of Work Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection Mapcon Mapping 4545 South 2300 East Salt Lake City, UT 84117 Tel: 425 894 9146 Fax: 801 277 6219 www.osiaeosDatial.com/mar)conmappin bill a)mapconmapping.com TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECTMANAGEMENT.......................................................................................................................3 PROJECT PLANNING AND MANAGEMENT.....................................................................................................3 MAPCON MAPPING INC. PROJECT MANAGEMENT WORKFLOW...................................................................4 METHODOLOGY........................................................................................................................................5 CONTROLTRANSFER...................................................................................................................................5 NewGround control (photo ID)............................................................................................................. 5 ABGPS.................................................................................................................................................... 5 AERIALPHOTOGRAPHY...............................................................................................................................6 Equipment............................................................................................................................................... 6 SCANNING...................................................................................................................................................7 Quality Control of Scanning................................................................................................................... 7 AERIALTRIANGULATION............................................................................................................................. 8 Mensuration............................................................................................................................................ 8 ATadjustment......................................................................................................................................... 9 DIGITALTERRAIN MODEL.........................................................................................................................10 TWO -FOOT CONTOURS.............................................................................................................................. I I ORTHOPHOTOPRODUCTION...................................................................................................................... I I OrthophotoQC procedures..................................................................................................................12 Geometric Accuracy Checks... ................................................................................... .......................... 12 RadiometricBalancing Checks.............................................................................................................13 ImageArtefact Checks..........................................................................................................................14 MosaicChecks...................................................................................................................................... 15 PLANIMETRICDATA COLLECTION..............................................................................................................15 DELIVERABLES.......................................................................................................................................... 18 SCHEDULE.................................................................................................................................................19 SCHEDULEOF PAYMENT.....................................................................................................................20 PRICING.................................. .......... ........................................ .................. ............ ........ ..... .......... .............. I APPENDIX 1 - SUBCONTRACTORS.......................................................................................................2 GPS SURVEYING INC. —AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHY / SURVEYOR SUBCONTRACTOR........................................2 ARSC— MAPPING SUBCONTRACTOR..........................................................................................................3 APPENDIX2 — FLIGHT PLAN I"=400....................................................................................................4 APPENDIX3 — GROUND CONTROL......................................................................................................5 APPENDIX4 — MAINTENANCE...............................................................................................................6 Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 2 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA eOA Project Management Project Planning and Management Mapcon will appoint Kevin Woolf as the Project Manager to the City of Auburn's Orthophotography and Planimetric Mapping project. Our process for developing a project plan begins with a meeting between the Mapcon Mapping Project Manager and the client, the City of Auburn. At this, meeting we confirm the requirements of the project as described in the SOW and discuss any client -requested modifications. Any critical issues are resolved at this meeting and addressed in the Project Plan. We will then develop a written Project Plan for review with the City, to document the following: • Key production phases and milestones in the project execution. • Team member roles and responsibilities are documented • Identification of QC/QA processes for all phases • Description of deliverables • Schedule for project reporting and final delivery • Daily checks on subcontractor progress We will use e-mail and FTP resources to maintain current lists of the work accomplished, time spent, materials required for future work, etc. As the work comes in it will go through our QC department. Daily reports on the analysis of the data will be generated and sent to the production department. These reports will be used to identify systematic errors that may come up and ensure that they are quickly addressed and remedied with a plan to ensure they do not recur. As production continues an ongoing monitoring process will be used to track the possible errors, the technicians responsible, and the processes followed. This will be used to plan training programs to upgrade skills, to adjust QC levels to ensure compliance with standards and specifications, to plan future QC programs, and to report on past performance. Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 3 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M A P G O N rn a P o i id c i rd r Mapcon Mapping Inc. Project Management Workflow St Deliver data to Client 1 Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 4 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M A P C O N rn A P P I N G i N c. Methodology Control Transfer Due to our project experience in this region we are able to recover existing ground control points from our previous projects that will reduce the survey costs to the City of Auburn. We have included a map showing the location of our control and proposed new ground survey points. Within the existing orthophoto coverage we will extract any City of Auburn control that is usable. Sources of ground control include: Pierce County Project - Within the required project boundary we can recover control point location from our Pierce project to control the south portion of your project (see attached map) City of Kent - Within your required project boundary we can recover targeted control point location form our City of Kent imagery and stereoscopically digitally transfer this control to the new imagery and control the northern portion. (see attached map) City of Auburn - We will control the new photo from both the existing targeted control (80) that are recoverable and extract supplemental control from your existing controlled orthophoto by means of a digital stereo comparator method, fully described in our methodology section. The principal benefit of this technique rests in the fact the new 2007 orthophoto will fit the existing the City of Auburn ortho coverage within your required accuracy specification. We recognize that the City has built up an extensive library of adjusted GIS control point data and that the existing orthophoto represents a valuable source of control data for this new project. This data has proven to be of high quality and accuracy. That data represents a significant value to The City of Auburn and can and should form the basis of control for the aerial photo imagery from this project. We will use a digital stereo comparator method to select as much control as required from the existing data sets. Under the complete control of our skilled operators, sufficient control will be carefully transferred to the new photo using our stereo softcopy systems in a digital stereo comparator mode. This process will ensure that we have an acceptable fit to the existing orthophoto. All control point data and mapping shall be referenced in the Washington State Plane (North) American datum of 1983 (1991) in English units. Vertical datum shall be the North American Vertical datum of NAVD88 Adjustment. New Ground control (photo ID) - If we require any additional ground control in the new ortho areas we have budgeted for either establishing new targeted ground control or use of Photo ID points to ensure the Aerial Triangulation meets the required accuracy. ABGPS - Airborne GPS data will be acquired during the aerial flight and post processed to support the aerial triangulation process. Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 5 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA Aiddh4hahhh4ft,hiib, MA P G Q N N1 A P� P �I NG __..._N _....C. Aerial Photography Mapcon will acquire one single compliant spring flight of 1"=400' color imagery with 60% forward overlap and 30% sidelap under calm, clear atmospheric conditions, when ground is not obscured by cloud (max 1% in any photo frame), cloud shadows, haze, snow cover, or flooding. Photo will also be restricted to times when the sun angle is 30 degrees or greater and vegetation is leaf free or has minimal growth. Processed film will be annotated with date, scale, project name, flight line number and exposure number, and will be processed within one week after the flight. We will notify the City at least 24 hours prior to conducting the actual flight. As part of our Quality Assurance process, we will submit QA reports on our inspection of the film, and scanned imagery, as well as aircraft flight logs, current USGS Camera Calibration Report, and final Aerial Triangulation report, which will document all critical aspects, including whether specified parameters such as overlaps, crab, scale, and coverage, were met. This scale of photo exceeds the NMAS horizontal accuracy standards for 1"=100' scale mapping, and for NMAS vertical accuracy for DTM and 2 foot contour mapping and can provide a high quality 0.33 foot color pixel. This option meets all required technical specifications required by the city. We will acquire the required aerial imagery utilizing the aerial photo services of GPS Surveying Inc. GPS Surveying based at Paine Field in Everett WA, within 50 miles of the City of Auburn project site. GPS Surveying has extensive project experience throughout the Seattle area (see attached maps in Appendix for photo flight plans). We routinely design our flight plans with one photo frame overedge, so as to fully cover the project area with photogrammetric stereo models. Modern GPS -controlled navigation systems ensure that the aircraft closely follows the flight plan. Airborne GPS data will be acquired during the aerial flight and post processed to support the aerial triangulation process. Our AT experts design a flight plan to make most efficient use of the photography, and submit this plan in digital format to the flying contractor for use in controlling the aircraft during the flight. The flight plan will ensure that all of the project area is covered with stereo photography. Flight plans, and camera calibration reports, will be submitted to The City of Auburn for approval prior to the aerial photo mission. We have included our preliminary flight plans in this proposal. These flight plans will be finalized at project start-up. Equipment Our aerial photo subcontractor for this project is GPS Surveys Inc. based at Paine Field in Everett, WA. GPS Surveys has many years of experience in acquiring aerial photography throughout the Pacific Northwest. They have been carefully screened to ensure compliance with the latest requirements for softcopy photogrammetric processes. All aircraft used by our team are equipped with Zeiss LMK 2000 cameras (or equivalent) equipped with a Forward Motion Compensator (FMC) to minimize image blurring during exposure. The AWAR of this camera lens, as per USGS calibration report (see report in Appendix), is over 100. Cameras are also equipped with a gyro -stabilized mount that compensates for angular aircraft movements, including pitch, roll and drift of the aircraft, usually due to turbulence. The size of this project and proximity to Paine Field ensures that it will be a priority for photo acquisition. Bill Dawson will work closely with GPS Surveying Inc to make use of all available flight window opportunities, so that the City of Auburn imagery is captured at the earliest opportunity with suitable conditions. Airborne GPS will be acquired during the flight. This on -board technology, combined with a skilled flight crew ensures that the acquisition of project photography will be to the highest possible standard. The AGPS system can locate the exposure station of each photograph to within 0.5 feet. As well, the current camera calibration report will be supplied for verification of authenticity. This report is fundamental to the subsequent stage of aerial triangulation, providing the model by which the camera captures the imagery required for mapping. Post flight reporting includes flight Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 6 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA logs, and the current camera calibration report, which will be supplied to the client for verification of authenticity. This report is fundamental to the subsequent stage of aerial triangulation, providing the model by which the camera captures the imagery required for mapping. Scanning Upon acceptance of the aerial film, we will then scan the negative roll as per our QA/QC procedures. Scanning will be performed by our aerial photo contractor, GPSS located in Everett WA. We will be scanning directly from the negative aerial film rolls, on Wehrli RM -6 photogrammetric scanner. This scanner is equipped with dust and scratch removal software. This involves two scans for each frame, one scan in IR to define the dust or scratch anomalies, and a standard color scan. The final product is a scan that is software enhanced to remove the dust or scratch identified in the IR scan. This process significantly reduces the QA/QC time required by The City of Auburn. We will utilize the aerial photo sub contractor GPSS for the film scanning. This will increase scanning turnaround and further mitigate any introduction of film damage due to unnecessary shipping or handling By scanning the original negative film roll at the aerial flight contractor site, the chance that scratches, fingerprints, or other marks will be introduced into the imagery is minimized, and eliminates the cost of producing diapositives with its corollary effect of image quality degradation. The scanners are calibrated to a repeatable geometric accuracy of less than 3 microns. Imagery will be scanned at 12 microns. Color film will be scanned to 24 -bit, three -band color TIFF imagery. Under normal scanning strategies, automatic scanning of roll feed based films is monitored by software designed to ensure consistency between image scans. Automatic scanning takes into account the following steps/tasks: • Auto determination of scan parameters • Auto adjustment of scan region according to the recognition of either film edge or fiducial pattern/shape • Automatic radiometric adjustment (Auto dodging for negatives) • Automatic Interior Orientation Automatic image pyramid generation All the automated steps are monitored by the scanning personnel to ensure we obtain the maximum amount of information possible from the raw film. The operator will adjust the scanning parameters whenever the automated ones are not meeting this objective. Qualify Control of Scanning Quality Control is again a critical step in the process of transforming the film negative into a scanned image suitable for softcopy photogrammetric collection. The quality of scanned air photo images has a direct impact on the clarity of stereo model when viewed in a digital mapping environment as well as the quality of orthophoto imagery. We have developed the following strategy for greatly reducing the occurrence of Newton rings and other unwanted artefacts in the final orthophoto imagery. 1) The exposed film is processed and scanned by the same company, GSP Surveys. This is done to completely avoid the possible introduction of dust and scratch due the usual film edit stage. Since the edit will not have been completed we will base our scan lists on the detailed flight report kept by the flying firm. Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 7 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M A P G O N M A P P I N G! 1 N C. 2) The film is cleaned on and HAS cleaner designed specifically for aerial film rolls. In addition, immediately before being scanned the film and scanner will be cleaned with ionized air for removal of any dust in the scanning room. 3) Once the scanning has been completed the film will undergo the normal edit stage. At this time any required replacement frames will be identified and scheduled for reflight. 3) The Wehrli scanner uses a top plate held down with positive pressure. This has proven to be substantially more effective than other scanners that rely on gravity alone hold the upper glass plate down. This has been shown to significantly reduce the occurrence of Newton rings. In addition Mapcon has found that the location in Salt Lake, with its very dry atmospheric conditions, is also a great aid in reducing the occurrence of Newton Rings. Incoming scans are subjected to rigorous inspection by the Mapcon Mapping Inc. team for the following characteristics: Radiometric balance across the project area Histogram for each frame is examined to ensure that the scan image min. and max. brightness values are well distributed between 0 (black) and 255 (white) to eliminate any loss of detail due to saturation or burnout. Check image consistency against other images within the flight line, and on adjoining flight lines Time has been allocated to remove dust/scratches/Newton rings from the scanned imagery. Once we have completed scanning, we will ship the aerial film roll(s) in plastic storage canisters to you. Aerial Triangulation Using the ground control we have extracted from our City of Kent and Pierce county projects, recovery of existing Auburn control points, supplementary horizontal control from the existing Auburn orthophoto and the Airborne GPS data, we will perform a preliminary AT adjustment. We will then check the fit of the preliminary AT solution to our ten new GPS targeted ground control points before generating the final adjustment. We will generate a preliminary AT report for review by the City before proceeding with the final AT adjustment. We propose to carry out a fully analytical AT solution in softcopy mode, using the scanned aerial imagery, Intergraph's AT software packages (ISDM and ISAT), and Inpho's inBLOCK software for the final adjustment. The phases of the AT process are described in detail below: Mensuration The first stage of the Aerial Triangulation process creates additional photogrammetric or ground points (minor control) at key locations on the aerial photograph to support setting -up of photogrammetric models for digital mapping and orthophoto image production. By establishing a dense network of secondary (or minor) control using AT methods, we avoid having to acquire additional, expensive control from survey points in the field. All eight fiducial marks on each frame are measured automatically and used to reference the individual photo frames when setting up the models for photogrammetric collection. (known as establishing the "plate coordinates"). The camera calibration report is used to model minor deviations specific to the camera/lens combination being used. Minor control points, consisting of strategically positioned pass and tie points (common points on adjoining photo images) are selected from within the central portion of each photograph. These points are coded with a unique number in accordance with their position on the photograph and their location in the block. Minor Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 8 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA control points may include paint markings on paved roads, corners of structures and other clearly discernible features that will permit precision measurement. These minor points are collected in a stereo softcopy environment, a process known in the industry as digital mensuration. Additional points are mensurated on shorelines of hydrographic features to ensure that lake surfaces will be level and that watercourses maintain a correct directional flow. There are two basic approaches to collecting minor control- purely manual and partially or fully automated. We plan to use as much of the automated approach as possible but we expect that a combination of the methods will be required. The decision as to the approach used is based on the input imagery's suitability to the process. The determining factor is ensuring that the method selected will provide the required accuracy levels based on the specifications for the project. The semi -automated approach involves operator -guided selection and measurement of the data. There are normally 9 to 20 pass and tie points generated by this method. The automated approach is a purely automatic approach only requiring manual intervention once completed, to ensure sufficient quality points are generated in the required areas. There are normally 50 to 100 pass and tie points per frame generated by this approach. The automated approach has the advantage that its large number of points per frame allows for a higher redundancy, which in turn allows for more robust automated blunder detection algorithms to be used. This can result in much shorter analysis times being required for the block adjustment even though there is more data to evaluate. The automated correlation routines can be fooled by situations such as shadows falling in different locations on adjacent frames due to differing flight times resulting in different sun angles. They can also fail in areas of low tonal variation resulting in weak areas. These situations have to be manually mensurated. Manual inspection by an experienced photogrammetrist finds and corrects these problems. AT adjustment The second phase builds on the mensuration stage described above and performs a block adjustment on the plate coordinate file using Inpho inBLOCK bundle adjustment software. The software has sophisticated features such as automatic error detection, airborne drift correction, self -calibration and graphical viewing tools. Using advanced numerical algorithms, the block adjustment creates ground coordinates in X, Y, and Z for all points. As a precursor to photogrammetric collection, these points will be used to set- up the photographs with the identical orientation (roll, pitch, and yaw) that was present in the aircraft at the time the aerial photography was flown. A senior AT technician evaluates preliminary results and assigns a "weight" to each point based upon its reliability and importance to the adjustment. Selected points read from existing sources of horizontal and vertical control will be assigned the highest weight based on their reliability, while the mensurated minor control points are weighted at a lower importance. Expertise gained over many hundreds of AT projects plays a crucial role in ensuring a proper weighting and analysis of every point. After adjusting the weights, the Inpho inBLOCK software calculates the best fit of each point and adjusts the entire block in a series of iterations. inBLOCK outputs a comprehensive statistical summary as part of the AT block adjustment. This statistical summary, in combination with sophisticated graphical viewing tools, is used to analyse the results. The ultimate goal in the AT adjustment process is to generate an average residual value that is below the threshold of the minimum accuracy requirement. inBLOCK identifies any point that exceeds the threshold, possibly due to errors inherent in the process. These are corrected prior to the final adjustment. The final product of the Aerial Triangulation process includes a set of adjusted coordinates and exterior orientations for all of the photography, plus a set of orientations for each frame in the Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 9 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA Adb11i%d,%h16_ M A P C O N _-_.._...___..____.____._..._�._._.. ai n a P i ra G i rd C. adjustment. This information is used to properly orient the stereo models for data collection (compilation) with SoftCopy stereoplotters, and for orthophoto production. Additionally, on completion of the AT adjustment we generate a final AT Report, containing a summary of procedures used, including block adjustment statistics and a statement on the estimated accuracy of the block. The aircraft camera calibration report is also included. Digital Terrain Model Mapcon will collect a totally new DTM surface which includes DEM elevation points, planimetric ground features and topographic breakline for purposes of orthorectification and for the generation of 2 foot contours. The DEM will be supplemented by custom photogrammetric breaklines (bridge, overpass and elevated roadways) to be utilized in the orthophoto process to correctly represent any above ground features. A DTM is composed of breaklines and mass points. Breaklines are three-dimensional linestrings digitized along significant breaks, or changes in the topography, such as ridges, drains, retaining walls, cliffs, highway cuts and fills, and sharp slope changes. Crowns of roads and railroads as well as streams, lakes and other such features can also be collected as breakline features. Soft breaklines may also be captured from the top to bottom of a hill. Mass points represent terrain elevations for ground positions at regularly spaced horizontal intervals on the earth's surface. Mass points can be collected from the stereo imagery under complete control of a photogrammetric technician, or by automated methods using autocorrelation of common terrain points in adjoining frames. Exclusion boundaries are set up to constrain or suppress terrain modelling in regions of common elevations such as lakes. The final TIN is used to generate the contours and as the base for the orthophoto rectification. The TIN model represents the terrain surface as a set of contiguous, non -overlapping triangles. The vertices of each triangle are comprised of mass points and breakline points and the triangle surface is represented by a plane. Contours are then interpolated through the TIN and normally a spline is applied to the output line in order to cartographically enhance the appearance of the contours. QC procedures are used to verify that the DTM model accurately captures the ground surface characteristics. A comparison of the DTM masspoint elevations against the minor control points from the Aerial Triangulation process is undertaken to confirm that no anomalies have been introduced. A visual analysis of the DTM as a grayscale shaded -relief image ensures that the coverage is continuous and extends slightly beyond the mapping project area. Any spikes or other anomalies are easy to spot with this method. The TIN can also be used to generate a regularly -spaced grid of elevation points, sometimes known as a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), which has 3D modelling uses. DTM data can be delivered in numerous formats, including AutoCAD .dwg, DXF, Microstation Agn, and ESRI Shapefiles. Our QC will verify that the DEM model accurately captures the ground surface characteristics. A comparison of the TIN against the minor control points from the aerial triangulation process is undertaken to confirm that no anomalies have been introduced. A visual analysis of the TIN as a grayscale image ensures that the coverage is continuous and extends slightly beyond the orthophoto project area. This ensures that orthorectification will be complete and accurate to the limits of the project boundary. Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 10 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, VVA 4W M A R GU N M A ._ P P _....I. fJ_�.G I_ h ._ C Two -foot Contours We will extract all appropriate planimetric surface features, recode them to breaklines, and merge this data with the DEM collection to create a TIN surface. The TIN model represents the terrain surface as a set of contiguous, non -overlapping triangles. The vertices of each triangle are comprised of mass points and breakline points and the triangle surface is represented by a plane. This TIN surface is also utilized for the ortho rectification process. From the TIN, we will automatically interpolate two foot contours with operator controlled annotation at 10 ft intervals on the index contour lines. Annotation shall not obscure significant terrain features. Depression contours will also be shown as our test of the methodology described above yielded an acceptable quality contour surface. All line work will be snapped, nodded and edge matched and all complex lines will be dropped. Our contour pricing proposal includes a basic level of smoothing and annotation. If additional smoothing or cartographic editing is required by the City, this can be executed for an additional fee. The City will approve of the smoothing algorithm and process in advance of the contour generation. Contour data will be delivered on DVD -ROM discs in ESRI shapefile format. Orthophoto Production The quality and utility of an orthophoto data set is largely dependant on proper project planning. Our Project Manager consults with the client to define a Project Plan, which documents the client's requirements and sets out clear, identifiable steps that will lead to the final deliverables. We establish a QC plan to ensure that the required steps are followed and supported by auditable documents. All source materials required for the project will be assembled prior to project start up and assessed as to suitability for purpose. Our orthophoto production process incorporates every frame of photography into the final orthophoto image base. In this way, artefacts resulting from optical and radiometric distortion, including such issues as building lean, as well as tonal contrast between contiguous features on adjacent frames, can be avoided or mitigated by having the full selection of imagery available for use. Color balancing and spatial accuracy of orthophotos will established during the pilot phase and will presented to the City for approval. We have provided for 0.33 foot pixel seamless color orthophotos as defined on the enclosed 1=400' scale flight plan flight plan, All data will be tiled to the City of Auburn desired grid. As mentioned in our section on DEM collection above, we will collect breaklines at bridge decks and along raised roadways in order to ensure that these above ground features are orthorectified in their true position in the final orthophoto imagery. Without this additional attention to the DTM, above ground features would be subject to "layover" and would be incorrectly positioned in the final imagery. Orthophotos are rectified with Intergraph's Ortho Pro, using the "cubic convolution" algorithm, which is superior to "bilinear" or "nearest neighbour" techniques. Rectification of large batches of frames is preferred for consistency of image processing. The rectified images are radiometrically adjusted on a frame -by -frame basis to ensure consistency of tone and contrast, although preliminary adjustment at the scanning phase will greatly reduce the need for significant adjustment at the orthophoto stage. Shadowed areas are inspected on the rectified imagery and if required, an auto -dodge process is applied to the rectified imagery to improve image clarity within these areas. Software is used to generate a "best path" mosaic line solution, and the orthophoto technician can manually override the software solution to ensure that buildings and other man-made features are not sheared by the mosaic line. Mosaic lines ideally run along the edge of fields or Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 11 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA watercourses to minimize any visual impact. Feathering of the mosaic lines also helps to minimize any discontinuity by subtly blending one image into another. The technician checks for image distortion or smearing of elevated features such as bridge decks and makes local adjustments to the imagery as required. Any final radiometric adjustments are made as a result of detailed image inspection by an orthophoto technician. In the final orthophoto imagery mosaic lines are practically invisible and sheets can be tiled together without the distraction of visible sheet edges. The entire mosaic is then cut into the desired tile layout, All media output is validated to ensure data integrity in the final product. Orthophoto QC procedures Geometric Accuracy Checks One of the primary goals of this project is to produce updated orthophotos that will geometrically match the locations of the existing image data base. This is necessary in order to ensure that all of the existing coverages that have been carefully aligned to the existing imagery will line up within the specified tolerance on the new imagery set. In order to achieve this goal there are some fundamental production requirements we will follow. • Generate ground control point locations from the existing imagery to act as primary control for the new aerial triangulation that are common to and consistent with the existing data • Use a DEM that is of equivalent accuracy to the one used to produce the existing data • Carry out orthophoto rectifications according to documented procedures • Check that all the above have occurred and the resulting new orthophoto imagery matches the locations of the old imagery We have described the methodology for the first three points previously. In order to be able to verify that the resulting product meets the specification we propose to carry out the following procedures. 1. Check Points Once the orthophotos have been completed we will use in house written software in conjunction with our VROne Mapping Software to read the location of Check Points (CP). In order to be not only statistically significant, but also to be certain of the confidence the City can take in the result we plan to read a very large number of points. We are proposing to read two points per section which will result in a total of 1420 check points. We will predetermine the location of the points based on dividing the section in two halves, east and west. One point will fall in the center of each half. If the City would prefer we are quite willing to have the City predetermine the locations for the CP's. In this case the City would provide us with a Shape file showing the required positions to the CP's. These CP's will be read in areas where the ground is not obscured by vegetation, buildings, parked cars, etc. All CP's will be located at ground level. This is necessary to ensure that there is no displacement caused by the height of ground on a feature such as a building rooftop. A discrete clearly identifiable surface feature will be selected. Examples of such features will include but not be limited to: Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 12 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, VVA A dbA Oft6k, M A P C CI N Nt t, P P I H G I N Painted lines on roads and parking lots Intersections of sidewalks and driveways Manholes and catch basins Fence corners in rural areas (these are potentially less reliable features and will only be used in the absence of clear features 2. Measurement Procedure The new and existing imagery will be displayed simultaneously in adjacent window. The windows will display the geographic region at the same scale. The operator will be automatically prompted to read the location of the point in each image set. If the operator determines that the predetermined location is unsuitable as per the criteria in item one above then they will be allowed to move to a location within a 300 foot circle of the predetermined position. The software will record a point at the measured location in each data set in a separate Shape file. In addition the points in the New Shape file will have the following attributes assigned: Delta_X - This will be the difference in X in ground units between the old and new Delta_Y - This will be the difference in Y in ground units between the old and new Delta_XY- This will be the difference in XY in ground units between the old and new Analysis and Reporting On completion of the above Quality Checks the operator will flag any CP's that have differences greater than the specification. The Orthophoto Supervisor will then be tasked to investigate the cause. If it is possible to correct it the orthophoto will be re - rectified. If the cause is determined to be an error in the existing orthophoto we will report this to the City and seek guidance on how to proceed. Any orthophotos that are recreated will have the measurements of the CP's redone and a new Shape file generated. Once all the internal Quality Control analysis is complete a report will be produced that will summarize the results both in a written form as well as in a plot of the errors. This will identify if there potentially are any systematic problems. Radiometric Balancing Checks The Radiometric Balance of the image refers to the degree to which the resultant imagery appears to be realistic in color, smooth in gradation, and consistent across the entire project. It is a requirement that the finished orthophotos appear as seamless and continuous as possible. As the overall City will be covered by hundreds of photographs there are radiometric variations created in the imagery that are a result of: Illumination conditions The time of day the image is captured • The time of year the image is captured • Atmospheric conditions Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 13 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M A P G O N IIA A P i is G 1 N c. The level of haze present in the atmosphere (there is always haze) • The level of humidity in the atmosphere • The presence of clouds • Lens • The focal length of the lens • The type of lens • Radiometric filters used • Anti -vignetting filter use • Film or Digital Sensor type • Manufacturer • Film/sensor type • Emulsion number • Storage and handling • Processing • Flight Line • Adherence to the predefined photo centre locations • Maintenance of appropriate overlaps between frames • Scanning (if film based) • Manufacturer • Scanner setup • Scanner illumination • Scanner filtration • Scannersensor The sum of all the above can be referred to as the optical system. Each one is affected by the conditions/choices made higher up in the list. We have selected aerial photography acquisition and scanning firms (Mapcon) that have state of the art technology and a solid reputation for maximising the quality of the photography. To ensure that the imagery is up to standards we will carry out quality checks in each of the above areas. However it must be noted that there will necessarily be areas where the imagery is less optimal for reasons beyond the control of the photo and scanning firms. In these situations we will take corrective actions on the resulting imagery to minimise these effects. A standard mosaiced image from the pilot project will be used as a reference throughout production to guide the production staff in acceptable color, tone balance, and consistency. The mosaiced images will be reviewed at both large (1:600) and small (1:24,000) scales to verify that the overall tone is consistent throughout the project. The viewing at smaller scales is also important to verify that the level of image dodging was sufficient to ensure there is no "patchwork quilt' effect. !mage Artefact Checks Image artefacts are defined as anything in the optical processing that physically obscures the imagery as presented to the camera at time of exposure: • Film processing residue • Scratches in the raw film prior to scanning • Dust or hair on the film at the time of scanning • Newton Rings caused by the scanner • Pixel dropouts during scanning Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 14 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M-,A4% u. M A_P C Q N MAPPING i N C. We are planning to use the newest scanner on the market which implements a scratch and dust removing algorithm that will ensure the resulting imagery is free of such artefacts. This scanner has also been shown in repeated practice to not create Newton Rings. This is the only reasonable approach to Newton Rings for once they are in the scan they are extremely time consuming to remove and at best are typically just reduced in intensity. We will do a check of five per cent of the raw scans as they are received BEFORE the AT starts to ensure the scans are up to standard. If all the checked images pass the scans will be accepted. If ANY fail then the entire batch of scans will be rejected and rescanned. We will do also do a one hundred per cent check of the orthophotos to ensure the final product meets specification. This will entail viewing the ortho image at a scale of 1:1,200 a tile at a time. A QC log will be kept for every tile and submitted with the tile. Mosaic Checks The mosaic between frames is an area where as a result of the imaging process there WILL be differences in perspective, geometry, and radiometry. The goal of the production process is to keep these within specification. The goal of the mosaic check is to identify areas where there are residual problems that exceed specification and return the tile for corrective action. Checking the seam line location in terms of perspective is carried out to ensure that the degree of radial displacement is kept to an acceptable level. It also checks for problems with seam lines passing through buildings inappropriately and causing it to appear as if two buildings lean in and touch each other. These checks are carried out by operators as they pan through all the image tiles. As we define the seam lines their location is stored in a vector format that will be provided to the City as Shapefiles. Similarly it is relatively easy to verify the geometric accuracy along the seam line. By panning across the image with the seam lines superimposed the operator can quickly places where there is a mismatch that exceeds specifications. These will be returned to production to correct prior to submission. Planimetric Data collection We are offering photogrammetric 3D collection of all the required planimetric features as per the feature list as described below. This data will be digitized directly from the new aerial triangulated imagery according to The City of Auburn accuracy and data structure specifications. As a value added feature we will attach a roofline elevation as an attribute at no additional cost to the City. Our photogrammetric staff is trained to collect information according to client specifications. At the outset of the project, our Project Manager will meet with the photogrammetric supervisors to review the client requirements as set out in the project plan. All project staff are made aware of the project requirements and are assisted in this task by a specifications database unique to each project. Layer Description Power/Utility Pole Transmission Tower Storm Drainage Structure Storm Drainage Bioswale Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 15 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M_ A R C Q N �n A..__P._ P ufJ vG I IJ C. Concrete Traffic Barrier Building Outline Bridge, Overpass Concrete/Asphalt Pad, Misc. Paved Surface Curb Deck Constructed Waterway/Ditch Paved Driveway/Parking Fence Line Culvert, Drainage Golf Course Gravel Driveway/Parking Gravel Road/Alley Guardrail Street Light Marsh Boundary (Approx) Paved Road/Alley (Edge Of Pavement) Sport Field/Track Boundary Railroad Shoreline Sidewalk, Path Misc Non -Utility Pole Or Post Stream/River Tank Road/Lane Striping, Fog Line Vegetation Outline Single Tree Free Standing/Retaining Wall Sanitary Sewer Structure Interpreted Line Generated From DEM. Intermediate Contour 2 Foot Interpreted Line Generated From DEM. Index Contour 10 Foot Contour Label Building/Spot Elevation Symbol Elevation/Ground Control Text Interpreted Line Generated From DEM. Intermediate Dashed Contour 2 Foot Interpreted Line Generated From DEM. Index Dashed Contour 10 Foot Interpreted Line Generated From DEM. Intermediate Dashed Depression 2 Foot Interpreted Line Generated From DEM. .Index Dashed Depression 10 Foot Interpreted Line Generated From DEM. Intermediate Depression 2 Foot Interpreted Line Generated From DEM. Index Depression Contour 10 Foot State Plane Grid Tick/Mapsheet Tile Line Ground Control Point Block/Text Traffic Signal (symbol) Traffic Sign Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 16 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA ,dd&ft4A%hh, M A P G O N M A P P i N c i N c. Traffic signal text Fire Hydrant Water Meter Valve Dock Overhead or Above Ground Pipes Marsh, Pool Road/ land text Road/Lane Symbol Data Editing Requirements for data structuring, including line noding, polygon formation and definition of polygon centroids are defined as part of the project plan. These specifications take into account the client's GIS requirements for topology and are designed to ensure that the final delivered data integrates into the existing GIS structure. Any additional feature attributes (unique coding of feature characteristics etc.) requested by the client are documented in the project plan. Metadata requirements also need to be addressed in order to provide full documentation on data progeny, accuracy of source information and unique data characteristics. Metadata is collected at the feature level as well as the file and project levels. Each level in the hierarchy has unique metadata requirements and issues that together provide complete understanding of the project data. Data collected will be editing in MicroStation and edge matched to the existing data where possible. The project plan also defines the procedures that will be used to QC the final data. This will ensure that all data is subjected to rigorous and consistent review prior to being released to the client. A number of critical QC steps are undertaken to verify that the final map data complies fully with the standards and specifications as set out in the project plan. These include: • Check for coverage • Check for structuring errors (i.e, ensure streams flowing downhill, lakes are planar) • Confirm correct directionality of polygons • Proper noding according to feature hierarchy • Overshoots, undershoots, data spikes • Sliver polygons • Common boundary coincidence between two features based on mathematical coordinates • Check of attributes and correct centroid placement • Check for completeness of contents Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 17 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA -Aaft-1,11 Sfthft"h-' M A P C Q N M A P P I N G I N C Deliverables Additional survey control data for ten points required to meet the project specifications. Photo identified control point coordinates and description of each Photo ID utilized. Aerial Triangulation report. Our proposed flight plan shall be drawn on a map that is acceptable to the City, and submitted to the Project Manager for approval prior to flying aerial photography. Pilot project to verify spatial accuracy and color balancing, and orthophoto quality. A GIS theme with the photo centers of the images. Points will have the date and time of the photo included. This is used for police work and land permitting. Seamless digital orthophoto mosaic having a pixel size of 4 inches. City-wide orthomosaic suitable for plotting Imagery shall be delivered in GeoTIFF format with associated ESRI compatible world files. Compressed orthophotos shall be delivered in MrSID MV2 (1:20 compression ratio) with ESRI compatible World files. • Breaklines representing all bridges and overpasses shall be delivered in a in an ESRI shape file format. Planimetric data shall be delivered as an ESRI shape file in a tile structure to be determined. Each feature type shall be in a different shape file (all roads in a roads file, all sidewalks in a sidewalk file). Progress reports. Informal reports or documented conference calls will be made by the Vendor once per week prior to pilot project delivery and twice per month after pilot delivery. All deliverables will include FDGC compliant metadata Mapcon will provide the City of Auburn at no charge with our licensed Pierce County orthophoto data for the extent of the Auburn AO1 that falls with Pierce County. The data is comprised of 6 inch color orthophoto imagery, developed from aerial photo at a scale of 1 "=800' with a 12 inch fens ,supplied in 3000x3000' the Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 18 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M A _PC © N M A P P I N G I N C. Schedule Plan A Misioxon. 11011111. 110.0011 R111111 IM VINWE Photo ID Control Spring Color ■■ ' iii ,■■■■�■�■■ Photo ■■■■■■■■■■■■■■tom Green — Work based on color photography Note: schedules are dependant on suitable weather conditions for aerial photo acquisition and the schedule is dependant on successful photo acquisition in the first 2 weeks of March 2007. If the photo date goes beyond March 23 the entire schedule need to be shifted appropriately. Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 19 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M AP C M N F,, G- - 1' - i G i c Schedule of Payment Schedule of payments will be based on schedule project milestones as per below table based on the contracted value of.$334,343. If required, all optional items $31,685 will be invoiced at the project completion and require 2 additional weeks for completion. Task Deliverable Deliverable Payment Invoice date Schedule Amount Aerial photo, Flight, Film reports and March 23, 2007 $30,000 March 30, 2007 ground survey survey data Aerial photo Hard drive with all raw April 27,2007 $12,000 April 30, 2007 scanning scans and QC report Aerial Final AT report May 25,2007 $12,000 May 31, 2007 triangulation electronic copy Planimetric and Hard drive with 25% of June 15,2007 $70,000 June 15, 2007 topographic Planimetric and mapping topographic data Planimetric and Hard drive with 25% of June 29,2007 $70,000 June 29,2007 topgrogic Planimetric and mapping topographic data Planimetric and Hard drive with 50% of July16,2007 $70,000 July16, 2007 topgrogic Planimetric and mapping topographic data Orthophoto Hard drive with 100% of July 31, 2007 $70,343 July 31, 2007 the Orthophoto tiles Total contract $334,343 value Optional prints Hard copy plots and $21,685 July 31, 2007 and plots photo prints Optional Included in above $10,000 Additional deliverables sections 2) Total invoices $366,028 including optional items Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential 20 Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA M A P G O N M A P P I W G I N C. Pricing Description Summary Delivery Date Price Additional sections Any additional sections contiguous with the main project are available at this price per section Description Delivery Date Price per print Price Description Delivery Date Price per plot Price 1. Spring 2007 Flight V=400' with AGPS 2. Full planimetric pickup according to specification 3. Collect DTM to support 2 foot contour generation 4. Produce 4 inch color orthophotos Meets technical specifications July 31, 2007 $334,343.00 $5,000.00 Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA AhJfthfthh, M AP' C M N M c _Pp i N c i N c, Appendix 1- Subcontractors GPS Surveying Inc. — Aerial Photography/ Surveyor Subcontractor Greg Sykes 4516- 152nd SW Lynnwood, WA 98037 (425) 742-8205 Greg Sykes is a Registered Professional Surveyor in the State of Washington (Licence # 21680) GPS Surveying, Inc., of Lynnwood, Washington, uses aircraft equipped with precision airborne real-time kinematic DGPS systems, a Zeiss LMK 2000 camera, equipped with Forward Motion Compensation (FMC) and a 6" lens. This system can control the path of the aircraft and timing of exposures, exposure camera stations are normally within 100 feet of the planned photo center. This means that the actual flight plan should not vary visibly from the original flight plan. After the flight, the recorded exposure stations will be checked to ensure that this is the case. A report of the final GPS positions will also be submitted. Turbocharged Cessna TU206F This aircraft is equipped with extended range fuel tanks that can span an 8 hour photo flight, if necessary, allowing us to fly during an entire "flying window" without having to land, refuel and fly back to the site. This is an extremely useful advantage when flying photography for orthophotos. This allows us to maximize the number of photos taken during a given "flying window" providing a better match of exposure, sun angle, same lighting and atmospheric conditions between frames. Zeiss LMK 2000 mapping camera This camera is equipped with forward motion compensation and is mounted on a gyro -stabilized mount. This provides a very stable platform for photography, even in turbulent air. The mount keeps the camera level for both pitch and roll, which provides a more uniform overlap and no side motion if the plane rolls in turbulent air. The camera has a recent calibration from USGS in the year 2000 and was calibrated with 2 film magazines. The camera can be triggered by a computer at a given distance between frames, setting the interval to trigger at a given overlap, or at predetermined individual photo centers by coordinate. Trimble GPS Receivers (4) Accurate positioning of the aircraft is essential for AGPS applications. We record data at a '/2 second recording rate, using Trimble 4000 SSI dual frequency GPS receivers. Each receiver has an expanded memory to be able to record 6 or more satellite data over long periods of time, which will accommodate a flight throughout the "flying window". Trimble GP Survey software Trimble's "GP Survey" is the most widely used GPS baseline processing software. This software is also used for processing the AGPS data. Geolab GPS adjustment software This software allows us to incorporate GPS vectors from the ground control with the AGPS data to strengthen and insure the best possible fit for the aero -triangulation. The least-squares adjustment allows us to detect any discrepancies within our control and also to the horizontal and vertical constraints of the networkSubcontractors Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA A M A P C Q N M1ri A P rG ARSC — Mapping Subcontractor No 3 Jianxi Street Xian, China, 710054 Tel: +86 29 87855451 Fax: +86 29 87856141 Responsibility — Photogrammetry, Orthorectification Mapcon Mapping proposes to perform portions of the photogrammetric work (AT bridging) of this project through an established subcontractor, ARSC, of Xian, China. Mapcon Mapping and ARSC have established an effective working relationship through previous successful execution of photogrammetric projects. Brief corporate history Aerophotogrammetry and Remote Sensing Division of China Coal (ARSC) is a high-tech enterprise involved in aerial photogrammetry, remote sensing, pipeline mapping, GPS surveying, and other GIS projects. ARSC has many years experience in the mapping industry, having undertaken a wide range of projects including photogrammetry services for large municipal governments in North America and Europe, as well as large-scale aerial photography covering thousands of square miles. In 1990, ARSC carried out an aerial photogrammetry project for Brazil National Land Resource Renovation, covering an area of 67,000 km2. Founded in 1965, the group has provided 95% of the aerial photogrammetry service requirements in China's coal fields in addition to providing over 50,000 tiles of large -scaled engineering maps for municipal clients. The principal photogrammetric subsidiary of the ARSC is Xian Modern Surveying and Engineering Co. (XMSE), an integrated high-tech professional surveying company. XMSE became an ISO 9001 organization in 1998 and follows strict production guidelines to ensure continuous quality improvement. With a professional staff of 200, including 36 senior engineers and 58 engineers, ARSC operates the latest digital photogrammetry systems, including over 21 Z/1 ImageStation and Lexica 300 workstations. Approx 100 photogrammetric staff members have hands-on experience in editing of Lidar data for DEM production. There are 4 software developers on site working with C+ and MDL, equipped to provide customization of existing software tools for project specific requirements. There are 2 PhotoScan photogrammetric scanners in house for quality image conversion from film. Current software licenses include: • MicroStation- 30 licenses • OrthoPro- 2licenses • ISBR 18 Licenses • SSK 21 licenses • DMS 72 licenses Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA W ft M Q P C 0 N M A P P I N C I N C. Appendix 2 — Flight Pian 1'=400' Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA � A �' I, % bib A., h � 6, M A P C 0 N M A P P IfJ G I N C. Appendix 3 — Ground Control City of Auburn Control Control available frorn Kent, Pierce Co Projects ( Proposed new control Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA Appendix 4 — Maintenance The City has requested that we include a maintenance plan for the City's orthophoto and planimetric data set. Mapcon Mapping recognizes that the City of Auburn is making a significant investment in data infrastructure through the execution of this contract. As a result, there is a need to protect this investment through establishment of an ongoing data maintenance program that will ensure that future data updates are carried out with maximum efficiency and provide best value to the City. Our experience with other City and County clients is that due to the scattered nature of change, a refresh cycle of two years for the entire orthophoto data has become the common standard. The topographic data (DTM and contours) will require minimal updates in areas where DTM change would cause orthophoto errors. It would not require a full systematic update until at least the second cycle of orthophoto or every 4 years. To a lesser extent the planimetric data set would also require update for areas of change. Depending on the City's GIS needs, this could be updated on request rather than a full systematic update. Planimetric changes would already be evident in the updated orthophoto imagery and the City may not require updated vector collection. The estimated budget for an orthophoto update every 2 years would be approximately $60,000. This would include minor DTM updates for orthophoto purposes only and would not include the generation of new contours or updated planimetric features. The estimated effort and subsequent budgets for systematic DTM and planimetric update would depend on the amount of change in the 4 year cycle . Our past experience is that a systematic update and upgrade of a DTM data or planimetric data set would require approximately 25 -30% of the effort of the original collection. This effort is due to the scattered nature of change and the fact that the entire data set has to be inspected to ensure the specification for update are met. If an ongoing process for monitoring change can be established whereby the City tracks all change areas and supplies this information to the update contractor; this would eliminate the need for a systematic photogrammetric upgrade thereby reducing the cost to the City. Mapcon Mapping Inc. Company Confidential Orthophotography & Planimetric Feature Collection, City of Auburn, WA