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HomeMy WebLinkAbout9706230740 STORM EASEMENT 062397J U L 1 7 1997 ~q 3 - 1,3-, _~2- CITY OF THIS [m r. C17Y CLERKS OFFICE Return Address: City of Auburn City Clerk 25 West Main Auburn, WA 98001 IJU 19 1131 PH '91 R rI- t" 10 Above this line reserved for recording information. STORM WATER EASEMENT AND MAINTENANCE AGREEMENT (FA00027-96 and BLD0647-96) Reference # (if applicable): NIA Additional on page: Grantor/Borrower: 1) Western Steel, Inc. 2) Additional on page. Grantee/Assignee/Beneficiary: City of Auburn Legal Descriplion/STR: 'NE 114 12-21-04 Additional on page: Assessor's Tax Parcel ID#: 000080-0049 0 Ile THIS EASEMENT AND AGREEMENT made and entered into this ( - day of 0 19 by and between the City of Auburn, a municipal corporation of King Count k, Washington, hereinafter referred to as "CITY" and Western Steel, Inc., located at 1038 Industry Drive, Seattle, WA 98188, hereinafter referred to as "PROPERTY OWNER". WHEREAS, PROPERTY OWNER has applied for certain permits with the CITY for the construction of facilities at 9 16th Street NW which create impervious surface, and WHEREAS, the PROPERTY OWNER will complete a storm system; and WHEREAS, the PROPERTY OWNER and the CITY desire that the storm system be maintained to provide adequate facilities for controlling both the quantity and quality of storm drainage; and WHEREAS, for maintenance of a storm system it is necessary to have appropriate right- of-way to bring in equipment to conduct maintenance functions; and WHEREAS, maintenance requirement will be in perpetuity to provide both quantity and quality of discharge; and LO ^J rro W C6 0 cs Q :PIZ x c~ c-~ Q ti { .'LT m c-a ca to w; R7 CD Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page I of 17 WHEREAS, the parties desire that this Agreement be recorded to advise heirs, successors and assigns of both parties as to the existence of this easement and agreement; and WHEREAS, an easement is needed to bring in maintenance equipment; and WHEREAS, the parties are both desirous of permitting inspection of the storm system to p make certain that it is functioning properly and for purposes of determining the appropriate repairs. G NOW, THEREFORE, BASED UPON MUTUAL COVENANTS TO BE DERIVED CO) THE PARTIES AGREE AS FOLLOWS: t0 Section 1, EASEMENT D3 PROPERTY OWNER hereby provides an easement over, under and on that portion of the property as showing on the approved Record Drawings revised pursuant to construction records for the City of Auburn under Permit Nos. FA00027-96 and BLD0647-96, which Record Drawings are hereby incorporated by reference as if set out in full. This easement shall be a burden to that real estate which is legally described and attached as Exhibit A and shall be of benefit to the City storm utility system. Section 2, HEIRS, SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS This Agreement shall be binding upon the heirs, successors and assigns of the parties. Section 3, MAINTENANCE The PROPERTY OWNER agrees to maintain the storm system in accordance with the ordinances and all applicable codes of the CITY, the Stormwater Pollution Prevention Maintenance and Operation Schedule (Exhibit `B"), and does hereby allow the CITY to come onto the property of the PROPERTY OWNER via the easements described above and to inspect and perform necessary maintenance if, after the PROPERTY OWNER is given notice to maintain, and the PROPERTY OWNER fails to maintain, in that event the PROPERTY OWNER shall reimburse the CITY for the costs incurred in maintaining the system and should the CITY incur attorneys fees and costs in enforcing the agreement and/or maintaining or collecting maintenance fees the PROPERTY OWNER agrees to pay reasonable attorney fees and costs of the CITY. Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 2 of 17 Section 4, ACKNOWLEDGMENT OF OTHER ENFORCEMENT ACTIONS PROPERTY OWNER acknowledges that there may be liability for violations of codes that could result in additional fines andlor.the possibility of incarceration in addition to the fees for maintenance should violations occur. % EXECUTED as of the date first written above. CITY OF AUBURN D CTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS 0 a Owner 1 4 `~o~POr•e ~ ~ . 7, Date Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 3 of 17 , owner late STATE OF WASHINGTON) )ss. County of King ) I certify that I know or have satisfactory evidence that ' Ag& 1;ek is the person who appeared before me, and said person ac wledged tha a/she signed this instrument, on oath stated that he/she was authorized to execute the instrument and acknowledged it as the ~~tL~icct of a corporation, to be the free and voluntary act of such party for the uses and purposes mentioned in this instrument. Dated L~ dl i~ O KRISTINE TANAKA STATE OF WASHINGTON NOTARY - PUBLIC MY COMMISSION EXPIRES 8-17-93 STATE OF WASHINGTON) )ss. County of King ) Notary Public in and for the State of Washington residing at My appointment expires 10 - 7 I certify that I know or have satisfactory evidence that is the person who appeared before me, and said person acknowledged that he signed this instrument, on oath stated that he was authorized to execute the instrument and acknowledged it as the DIRECTOR OF PUBLIC WORKS of THE CITY OF AUBURN to be the free and voluntary act of such party for the uses and purposes tioned in this instrument. Dated J. ,,`~IIIIIIfII~~, F• U , ` NpTAR m owl Z Notary Public 'n and fort a State o Washington Pue►-~~ ~O residing at -~C_e~ My appointment expires (111,117 0j f W NS HPM/bd REF. H:\FAC\FAC2763\E97-301 (12/96) and Y:\PRMSYS\DOCUMENTIBLD0647_.96\EASEMAIN Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 4 of 17 EXHIBIT A LEGAL DESCRIPTION TOTAL PARCEL: LOT D OF SHORT PLAT SPLO05-90 LOT 1: LOT D LESS THE EAST 166 FEET. LOT 2: EAST 166 FEET OF LOT D. C~ iL Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 5 of 17 EXHIBIT B Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan Site Address "B" Street NW and 16th Street NW Auburn, WA Tax Parcel No. 000080-0049 O Introduction C) The "Microtel Inn" involves development of 1.74 acres into a three-story motel property. I'- Stormwater from this project is detained with storm detention pipe and parking lot ponding. Runoff is treated with a bioswale. The stormwater then discharges to the existing drainage channel located within a 40' wide easement along the north property line. Eventually this runoff will reach the Mill Creek drainage basin, west of the site. Plan Goal The property owner is required to enhance and'protect water quality due to stormwater discharges from the site, as dictated by the City of Auburn's Developer Design Manual. In this document, the site's storm drainage system is generally described and the inspection and maintenance requirements are outlined. Preventative BMP's Preventative Best Management Practices '(BMP's) shall be implemented to ensure that the stormwater is properly treated prior to site discharge. Such practices include the following: 1) Areas which disharge runoff to the storm drainage system should be kept free of debris and any dangerous wastes which may pollute the storm drainage system. See Appendix A. 2) The storm drainage utilities and bioswale should be properly maintained, as described in the following sections. z Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 6 of 17 Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan (Cont.) Treatment BMP's Site runoff is treated via the bioswale along the south property line. This bioswale was designed per the requirements of the Washington State Department of Ecology Stormwater Management Manual of the Puget Sound Basin (1992). The bioswale should be mowed regularly during the summer to promote growth and pollutant uptake, but must not be cut below the water quality design flow of three (3) inches. The bottom width and swale sideslope should not be altered without approval from the City of Auburn. See Appendix A for maintenance requirements. Inspection 0 Regular inspection of the storm drainage facilities will ensure their proper function. See Appendix A for inspection requirements. Maintenance CD Regular maintenance of the storm drainage facilities will ensure their proper function. 0 See "Treatment BMP's" and Appendix A and for maintenance requirements. N Person of Responsibility Western Steel, Inc. 1038 Industry Drive Seattle, WA 98188 (206) 575-8352 Attn: Kent Vail orb Sig Date: Design Engineer: Rupert Engineering, Inc. Attn: Pedro DeGuzman 1519 West Valley Hwy. N. Suite 101 Auburn, WA 98001 Plan and/or Information Updates The City of Auburn Utilities Section is to review and approve any changes to this Stormwater Pollution Prevention Plan prior to changes in its implementation. Additionally, any changes in ownership or person of responsibility are to be reported to the City Utilities Section. Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 7 of 17 APPENDIX A STORM DRAINAGE FACILITY INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE REQUIREMENTS O O s~ LD OStorm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 8 of 17 ATTACHMENT "A" MAINTENANCE PROGRAM Maintenance Checklist for Closed Detention Systems (Pipes/Tanks) Frequency Drainage / Problem Conditions To Conditions That Shall Exist Systems V Check For Feature M Storage Plugged air vents (small One-half of the end area of a vent is Vents free of debris and area (pipe pipe that connects catch blocked at any point with debris and sediment tank) basin to storage pipe) sediment Plugged vent can cause storage area to collapse. M Debris and sediment Accimulated sediment depth exceeds All sediment and debris I S% of diameter. Example: 72- inch removed from storage area. storage tank would require cleaning Contact the County for when sediment reaches depth of 10 guidance on sediment removal inches and disposal. A Joints between tank/pipe Any crack allowing material to leak All joints between tankipipe section into facility. sections are sealed. A Tank/pipe bent out of Any part of tank/pipe is noticeably Tank/pipe repaired or replaced shape bent out of shape. to design. Contact a professional engineer for evaluation. M's Manhole Cover not in place Cover is missing or only partially in Manhole is dosed. place. Any open manhole requires maintenance. A Locking mechanism not Mechanism cannot be opened by one Mechanism opens with proper working maintenance person with proper tools. tools. Bolts into frame have less than 112- inch of thread (may not apply to self- locking lids). A Cover difficult to remove One maintenance pennon cannot Cover can be removed and remove lid after applying 80 pounds of reinstalled by one lift. Intent is to keep cover from maintenance person. sealing off access to maintenance. A Ladder rungs unsafe Maintenance person judges that Ladder meets design I ladder is unsafe due to missing rungs, standards and allows misalignment, rust, or cracks. Ladder maintenance persons safe L- must be fixed or secured immediately. access. If you are unsure whether a problem exists, please contact a Professional Engineer. Comments: -KgY: A = Annual (March or April preferred) M Monthly (see schedule) S = After major storms (use 1-inch in 24 hours as a guideline) Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, inc. Page 9 of 17 ATTACHMENT "A" (CONTINUED) t Maintenance Checklist for Control Structure/Flow Restrictor (Structure that controls rate at which water exits facility) O C N cp; Frequency Drainage / Problem Conditions To Check For Conditions That Should Exist Systems ✓ Feature M Structure Trash & debris Distance between debris buildup and bottom All trash and debris removed. (includes of orifice plate is less than 1-12 feet sediment) A Structural Structures are not securely attached to Structure securely attached to damage manhole wall and outlet pipe structure should wall and outlet pipe. support at least 1,000 pounds of up or down pressure. A Structure is not in upright position (allow up to Structure in correct position. 10% from plumb). A Connections to outlet pipe are not watertight Connections to outlet pipe are and show signs of rust watertight; structure repaired or replaced and works as designed. M Any holes-other than designed holes-in the Structure has no holes other structure. than designed holes. M'S Cleanout Damaged or Cleanout gate is not watertight or is missing. Gate is watertight and works as gate missing designed. A Gate cannot be moved up and down by one Gate moves up and down maintenance person, easily and is watertight M's Chain leading to gate is missing or damaged. Chain is in place and works as designed. A Gate is rusted over 50% of its surface area. Gate is repaired or replaced to meet design standards. M's Obstructions Any trash, debris, sediment, or vegetation Plate is free of all obstructions blacking the plate. and works as designed. M'S Overflow Obstructions Any trash or debris blocking (or having the Pipe is free of all obstructions pipe potential of blocking) the overflow pipe. and works as designed. If you are unsure whether a problem exists, please contact a Professional Engineer. Comments: Kew A=Annual (March or April preferred) M=Monthly (See schedule) S=After major storms (use 1-inch in 24 hours as a guideline) Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 10 of 17 ATTACHMENT "A" (CONTINUED) Maintenance Checklist for Catch Basins and Inlets 0 Frequency Drainage System Problem Conditions To Check For Conditions That Should Exist Feature M'S General Trash, debris, Trash or debris in front of :he catch No trash or debris k:cated immediately and sediment in basin opening is blocking capacity by in front of catch basin opening. Grate or on basin more than 10% is kept dean and allows water to enter, M Sediment or debris (in the basin) that No sediment or debris in the catch exceeds 113 the depth from the bottom basin. Catch basin is dug out and of basin to invert of the lowest pipe into clean. or out of the basin. M'S Trash or debris in any inlet or pipe Inlet and outlet pipes free cf trash or blocking more than 113 of its height debris. M Structural Comer of frame extends more than 314 Frame is even with curb. damage to frame inch past curb face into the street (If and/or top slab applicable). M Too slab has holes larger than 2 square Top slab is free of holes and cracks. inches or cracks wider than 114 inch (intent is to make sure all material is funning into the basin). M Frame not sitting lush on top slab, i.e., Frame is sitting flush on top slab. separation of more than 314 inch of the frame from the top slab. A Cracks in basin Cracks wider than 112 inch and longer Basin replaced or repaired to design walls/bottom than 3 feet, any evidence of soil standards. Contact, a professional partic!es entering catch basin through engineer for evaluation. cac'ks, or maintenance person judges that structure is unsound. A Cracks wider than 112 inch and longer No cracks more than 114 inch wide at than 1 foot at the joint of any inlet/outlet the joint of inlet/outlet pipe. Contact a pipe or any evidence of soil particles professional engineer for evaluation. entering catch basin through cracks. A Settlement! Basin has settled more than 1 inch or Basin replaced or repaired to design misalignment has rotated more than 2 inches out of standards. Contact a professional alignment engineer for evaluation. M,S Fire hazard or Presence of chemicais suc'1 as natural No color, odor, or sludge. Basin is dug other pollution gas, oil, and gasoline. Obnoxious color, out and clean. odor, or sludge noted. M'S Outlet pipe is Vegetation or roots growing in No vegetation or root growth present dogged with inlet/outlet pipe joints that is more than t vegetation six inches tall and less than six inches aoart. If you are unsure whether a problem exists, please contact a Professional Engineer. Comments: fir. A=Annual (March or April preferred) M=Monthly (see schedule) S=After major storms (use 1-inch in 24 hours as a guideline) Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page I I of 17 ATTACHMENT "A" (CONTINUED) ( Maintenance Checklist for Energy Dissipators Frequency Drainage System Problem Conditions to Check For Conditions That Should Exist Feature A Rods pad Missing or moved Only one layer of rock exists above native Replace rocks to design standard. rock soil in area 5 square feet or larger, or any exposure of native soil. A Rock-filled Missing or moved Trench is not full of rock. Add large rock or - 30 lb. each) trench for rock so that rock is visible above edge discharge from of trench. pond M Dispersion Pipe plugged with Accumulated sediment that exceeds 20% Pipe cleanediflushed. trench sediment of the design depth. M Perforations Over 1R of perforations in pipe are Clean or replace perforated pipe. plugged plugged with debris and sediment 0 M'S Not discharging Visual evidence of water discharging at Trench must be redesigned or water property concentrated points along trench (normal rebuilt to standard. Elevation of lip 0 condition is a "sheet flow" of water along of trench should be the same (flat) trench). Intent is to prevent erosion at all points. damage. M,S Water flows out Maintenance person observes water Facility must be rebuilt or 0 top of "distributor" flowing out during any strom less than the redesigned to standards. Pipe is catch basin design stone or it is causing or appears probably plugged or damaged and likely to cause damage. needs replacement. M'S Receiving area Water in receiving area is causing or has Stabilize slope with grass or other over-saturated potential of causing landslide. vegetation, or rock if condition is severe. Contact a professional engineer for evaluation. If you are unsure whether a problem exists, please contact a Professional Engineer. Comments: KAY: A=Annual (March or April preferred) M=Monthly (see schedule) S=After major storms (use 1-inch in 24 hours as a guideline) Storm, Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 12 of 17 ATTACHMENT "A" (CONTINUED) Maintenance Checkiist for Fencing/Shrubbery Screen/Other Landscaping Frequency Drainage / Problem Conditions to Check For Conditicns That Should system ✓ Exist Feature M General Missing or Any defect in the fence or screen that permits Fence is mended or broken easy entry to a facility. shrubs replaced to form a parts/dead solid barrier to entry, shrubbery M's Erasion Erosion has resulted in an opening under a Replace sail under fence fence that allows entry by people or pets. so that no opening exceeds 4 inches in height. M Unruly Shrubbery is growing out of control or is Shrubbery is trimmed an vegetation infested with weeds. weeded to provide appealing aesthetics. Do not use chemicals to control weeds. A Wire Fences Damaged parts Posts out of plumb more than 6 inches. Posts plumb to within 1- 1/2 inches of plumb. A Top rails bent more than 6 inches. Top rail free of bends greater than 1 inch. A Any part of fence (including pasts, top rails, and Fence is aligned and fabric) more than 1 foot out of design alignment. meets design standards. A Missing or loose tension wire. Tension wire in place and holding fabric. A Missing or loose barbed wire that is sagging Barbed wire in place with more than 2-1/2 inches between posts. less than 314-inch sag between posts. A Extension arm missing, broken, or bent out of Extension arm in place shape more than 1-1/2 inches. with no bends larger than 314 inch. A Deteriorated Part or parts that have a rusting or scaling Structurally adequate paint or condition that has affected structural adequacy. posts or parts with a protective uniform protective coating coating. M Openings in Openings in fabric are such that an &inch No openings in fabric. fabric diameter ball could fit through. If you are unsure whether a problem exists, please contact a Professional Engineer. Comments: Kev: A=Annual (March or April preferred) M=Monthly (see schedule) S-After major storms (use 1-inch in 24 hours as a guideline) Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 13 of 17 ATTACHMENT "A" (CONTINUED) 0 Q Maintenance Checklist for Conveyance Systems (Pipes, Ditches, and Swales) Frequency Drainage System Problem Conditions to Check For Conditions That Should Exist Feature M,S Pipes Sediment iii debris Accumulated sediment that exceeds Pipe cleaned of all sediment and 20% of the diameter of the pipe. debris. M Vegetation Vegetation that reduces free All vegetation removed so water movement of water through pipes. flows freely through pipes. A Damaged (rusted, bent, or Protective coating is damaged; rust is Pipe repaired or replaced. crushed) causing more than 50% deterioration to any part of pipe. M Any dent that significantly impedes Pipe repaired or replaced. flow (i.e., decreases the cross section area of pipe by more than 20%). " M Pipe has major cracks or tears Pipe repaired or replaced. allowing groundwater leakage. M'S Open Trash if debris Dumping of yard wastes such as Remove trash and debris and ditches grass clippings and branches into dispose as prescribed by the basin. Unsightly accumulation of County. nondegradable materials such as glass, plastic, metal, foam, and coated paper. M Sediment buildup Accumulated sediment that exceeds Ditch cleaned of all sediment and 20% of the design depth. debris so that it matches design A Vegetation Vegetation (e.g., weedy shrubs or Water flows freely through dit. saplings) that reduces free Grassy vegetation should be left movements of water through ditches. alone. M Erosion damage to slopes See Ponds Checklist. See Ponds Checklist A Rock lining out of place or Maintenance person can see native Replace rocks to design standard. missing (if applicable) soil beneath the rock lining. Varies Catch See Catch Basins Checklist See Catch Basins Checklist basins M,S Swales Trash & debris See above for Ditches. See above for Ditches. M Sediment buildup See above for Ditches. Vegetation may need to be replanted after cleaning. M Vegetation not growing or Grass cover is sparse and seedy or Aerate sails and reseed and mul overgrown areas are overgrown with woody bare areas. Maintain grass height vegetation, at a minimum of 6 inches for best stormwater treatment Remove woody growth, , ntour, and reseed as necessary. M,S Erosion damage to slopes See Ponds Checklist See Ponds Checl'rsL M Conversion by homeowner Swale has been filed in or blocked by If possible, speak with homeowne to incompatible use shed, woodpile, shrubbery, etc. and request that swale area be restored. Contact the County to report problem if not rectified voluntarily. Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 14 of 17 A Swab does not drain Water stands In swab or flow velocity A survey may be needed to check is very slow. Stagnadon occurs. grades. Grades need to be in 1- 5% range It possible. If grade is less than I% underdrains may need to be I tstalled. If you are unsure whether a problem exists, please contact a Professional Engineer. Comments: C Lfl W. A=Annual (March or April preferred) M=Monthly (see schedule) S=After major storms (use 14nch in 24 Hours as a guideline) Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 15 of 17 ATTACHMENT "A" (CONTINUED) Maintenance Checldist for Grounds (Landscaping) t Frequency Drainage System Problem Conditions to Check For Conditions That Should Exist Feature M General Weeds (nonpoisonous) Weeds growing in more than 20% of the Weeds present in less than 5% of landscaped area (trees and shrubs the landscaped area. only). M Insect hazard Any presence of poison ivy or other No poisonous vegetation or insect poisonous vegetation or insect nests. nests present in lanscaped area. M,S Trash or litter See Ponds Checklist. See Ponds Checklist M's Erosion of Ground Noticeable rills are seen in landscaped Causes of erosion are identified Surface areas. and steps taken to slow down/spread out the water. Eroded areas are filled, contoured and seeded. A Trees and Damage Limbs or parts of trees or shrubs that Trim trees/shrubs to restore shrubs are split or broken which affect more shape. Replace trees/shrubs with than 25% of the total foliage of the tree severe damage. or shrub. M Trees or shrubs that have been blown Replant tree, inspecting for injury down or knocked over. to stem or roots. Replace if severely damaged. A Trees or shrubs which are not Place stakes and rubber-coated adequately supported or are leaning ties around young trees/shrub-- fnr over, causing excosure of the roots. support If you are unsure whether a problem exists, please contact a Professional Engineer. Comments: K: A=Annual (March or April preferred) M=Monthly (see schedule) S=After major storms (use 1-inch in 24 hours as a guideline) Storm Water Easement and Maintenance Agreement Western Steel, Inc. Page 16 of 17 STORMWATER MANUAL FOR THE PUCET SOUND BASIN IV-2.4.8 PROFESSIONAL SERVICES SIC: 6000, 7000 and 5000, not listed elsewhere DESCRIPTION: Included here are the remaining service businesses including theaters, hotels/motels, finance, banking, hospitals and medical services, nursing homes, schools and universities, and legal, financial and engineering services. MATERIALS USED AND WASTES GENERATED: The primary concern is runoff from parking areas. Stormwater from parking lots will contain undesirable concentrations of oil and grease, suspended particulates, and metals such as lead, cadmium and zinc. It will also contain the organic by-products of engine combustion. Some also produce Dangerous Wastes, for example, hospitals, nursing homes and other medical services. These materials are stored within the building until disposal. Source Control BMPs: See BMPs 51.20, S1.30, 51.50, 51.80, 52.00 and S2.20 in Chapter IV-4 to determine appropriate actions. Regulatory Requirements: See R.1, R.2, R.3, and R.10 in Chapter IV-S» Stcrmnwater Treatment BMPs: Source control BMPs such as good housekeeping should always be used to control stormwater pollution. Stormwater from parking lots and outside areas shall be treated using infiltration and/or detention as detailed in Volume III, Runoff Control. Those practices shall be used in combination with other appropriate pre-treatment and treatment BMPs such as biofiltration, pre-settling basins and oil/water separators or equivalent (see Volume III). Stormwater from rooftops may be discharged to the storm drain below the treatment system as long as the drainage requirements of the local. Public Works Department are met. If there is no stormwater drainage system (storm sewer) to discharge to, runoff from rooftops should be disposed of through the use of an infiltration ? facility wherever possible (see BMPs RI.15 and RI.16 in Chapter III-3 of the Runoff Control Volume). two