HomeMy WebLinkAboutITEM II Auburn Valley Humane Society
REVISED PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH.AVHS
In Muni-Services, there were a few minor word changes that did not affect the intent of the contract.
However, under VII, Capital Improvements, the language has been changed to reflect that the City will
refain any funds not expended for the tenant improvements. Prior to the printing of the packets for
the COW meeting, we were not able to finalize the figures on the tenant improvements. Hopefully,
that information will be available prior to the meeting.
Ad. ditions to the tenant improvements include an upgrade AVAC system to allow for additional air
conditioning in the canine kennel areas versus using circulated air. A fire alarm system has been
added a"_s well as additional glazing (glass) for the feline adoption area. We will have a cost
breakdown for you prior to the meeting, with a new costing chart comparing AVHS with King County
Animal Services, as well as a comparison chart showing services offered by other humane societies,
King Count and AVHS
Respectfully,
Brenda Heineman
Dire_ctor of Human Resources/
Risk and Property Management
Professional ServicesAgreement with Auburn Valley Humane Society (AVHS)
For your information, attached is the proposed agreement with AVHS. I have provided an ovenriew of
the agreement with attached Exhibits that will assist you in your ana;lysis of the services offered in the
agreement. The Exhibits are as follows:
; Exhibit 1- Estimated Cost Comparison Chart of King County Services vecses services from AVHS. Start up
costs are included as well as the tenant improvement allowance to ourfacility.
Exhibit 2- Operating Budget submitted by AVHS. '
Exhi6it 3-AVHS Marketing Plan Outline
Exhibit 4-Shelter Veterinary Services
Exhibit 5- Guidelines-for 5tandards of Care in Animal Shelters by the Association of Shelter
Veterinarians Exhibit 6- Letter from fxecutive Director of Tacoma and Pierce County Humane Society stating the
Contract and budget proposal by AVHS is realistic and comparable to other city contracts.
This will be on the Muni-Services Agenda for reviewand discussion Monday, August 22nd and is
presently on the COW Agenda August 29th. If J can answer any questions, please Jet me know, Any .
changes to the agreement based on review and comment at Muni-Services will be incorporated into the
agreement in the COW Agenda packet. .
Thank you. Brenda Heineman '
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT WITH AUBURN VALLEY
HUMANE SOOIETY AND THE CITY OF AUBURN
Term of Agreement: Seven (7) years with the right to extend for another seven (7) years beginning in
2012 if not in default of agreement. Parties have the right to negotiate modifications to the agreement,
including Article III, AVHS Fees. AVHS must give at least one year notice of intention to extend the
agreement (Article II, Page 1).
AVHS Fees/Licensing: A minimum of $240,000.00 per year will be paid to AVHS in quarterly. payments,
with an increase based on CPI-W (August to August), with a minimum increase of 0% and a maximum
increase of 3% per year for the following year. Licensing is the responsibilify of the City. AVHS will
receive 100% of licensing fees collected by the City (Article III, Page 2). Shelter Staffing and Operational Hours: Shelter's intent is to haVe operating hours open to the public .
24 fiours per week upon opening. Hours will be added as staffing and budget permits. The City's Animal
Control Officer will have access 24-hours per day, 7 days per week; for dropping off animals orcarcasses
(Article IV, 7, Page 3).
Shelter Capacity: Operating capacity is 50 animals per day. If more than 50 animals per day, AVHS will
make all efforts to reduce the population through adoption, foster care, other humane societies, or
otherappropriate means (Article IV, 7,'Page 3). Capital Impcovements: The City provides up to $417,000.00 (this figure may change prior to the
meeting-- if it does, I will have a revised Estimated Cost chart -See Exhibit 1) toward the completion of
tenanf improvements. Please note the amount for the tenant improvements is blank, in the agreement.
Tenant improvements shalf remain at the Shelter and cannot be removed upon termination or
cancellation of the agreement (Article Vlll, Page 6).
AVHS Start Up Costs: If AVHS does not raise $176,000.00 in start up costs, the City will advance an
amount up to the $176,000.00. Beginning in year three of the contract, the City will deduct monies
advanced to AVHS for start up costs against fu#urefees paid to AVHS (Article VIII, B. 1., Page 6).
Business/MarketingPlan: A formal business plan (See Exhibit 2-Operating Budget) to include a
description ofon=going activities in support of AVHS activities,:i.e., marketing, promotion, fund raising
plan, volunteer sfructure, animal adoption plan, animal rescue plan, etc., shall be submitted to the City
for formal review and comment (Article IV, 16, Page 4). (SeeAVHS Marketing Plan Outline - Exhibit 3)
Termination of Agreement: May terminate at any time by mutual agreement and failure to perform
any of the covenants of the agreement if the default or deficiency is not remedied by AVHS within thirty
(30) days after receiving notice. City may extend the 30-day complianee if warranted. May terminate if
AVHS has been convicted or found to be engaged in illegal activity (Article Xl, Page 9).
Other:
The City of Auburn will be responsible for paying for emergency services (Article IV, F., Page 5) (anything
beyond stabilization and pain relief of the animal - see attached information on Shelter Veterinary
Services - Exhibit 4). Estimates from King County are approximately $7,000 to $10,000 per year. This
could be less depending on our;contract for emergency services. We budgeted $15,000 in our estimates
to inclutle animal cruelty cases (we could be in possession of a large number of animals that would have
to be cared for until adjudication of the case by our Court) and investigation of these cases which would
be performed by our Police Department in eonjunetion with our Animal Control Officer. Tacoma and
Pierce County Wumane Sociefy and Seattle Humane 5oeiety do not offer emergency.services or do
animal crueltyinvestigations and adjudication ofthese cases.
We will hire ouc own Animal Control Officer, suppliesand equipment to include a marketing person
(one`third FTE) to interface with AVHS on promotional programs and canvassers, as necessary, to sell
licenses: AVHS wilf actively promote the sale of licenses and will work with our'software vendor:for the
sale and collection of licensing fees.
AVHS is adopting the Guidelines for Standards of Care in Animal 5helters by the Association of Slielter
Veterinafians (See Exhibit 5). Operating Procedures along these guidelines are being written to fit the
'AVHS operations. AVHS is also using the Guide to Starting and Improving a Humane Organization by the
Ametiean Societyfor the Prev_ention of Cruelty to Animals (ASPCA). A copyof this Guide is available for
your,review, upon request.
As you can see from the attached chart showing estimated costs (See Exhibit 1- this chart has been
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updated from the initial chart presentedto Muni Serviees and Finance Committeesand compares AVHS
with,King County), even though we are doing many of the functions that King• County does under the
present contract, it is more economicat for the City to partner with AVHS for services that will be greatly
enhanced pursuant to their operations plan and the Gity's ability to directly manage the animal control
function: The abilify to market and promote the sale of licenses has already shown a rise in these
revenues with the City's participation and it can only increase with AVHS's participation: Also, what the chart does not show is the anticipated upgrade the present King County facility or building a new facility
with a contribution by the membec cities using thei "r services. A figure of 5 to 6 million dollars has been
mentioned in our monthly meetings but nothing confirmed as to a final amount or how that would be.
shared.
Tacoma and Fierce County Humane Society has reviewed AVHS's projected budget and contract.
proposal and feels it is realistic, and is comparable to other city contraets. Tacoma and Pierce County
Huma:ne Society has also offered to assist AVHS in an advisory capacity as needed (See Exhi6it 6 from
the Executive Director). .
2013 Estimated Citv of Auburn Cost w/Aubum Vallev Humane Societv (AVHS) - 8109111
1 2013 Estimated City of Aubum Operadng Costs w/AVHS CommeMs Cost With King County 2072 2013 2014
2 Annual Oneratinq Costs City of Aubum (COA) "KC Est COA cost share $633,084 $678 602 $716,712
3 Animal Control Officer (Salary & Benefits $80,196 Transitlonal funding ($131,768) ($65;884) gp
4 Staff CoorcJinator(1/3 FTE}/Canvasser(s)/Supplies $71,520 Anfmal Services Program $71,520 $87,102 $82,696
5 MatnUGas/Capital& Depredatlon $10,000 Est Total Pay to KC $572,837 $694 820 $799,408
6 Llcensing AdminisVation (out source) $33,57 Based on 8,500 Iicenses; $3.85/1icense ($3.85 'rf we provide tags) ote: Licensing revenue is included is.the COA cost share line
7 Suppiies $2,100
8 Small toois/miscellaneous $1,000
8 Communications Costs $500 - Cost With AVHS 2012 2013 2014
70 Emergen Medtcal Services $15,000 Est 0 raGng Costs NA $213,891 $204,143
11 7otal Estimated Annual Operating Costs $213,891 Contract for Sres 0 $240,000 $247,200
12 CoMract for AVHS Svcs (Licensing fees to AVHS) $240,000 Est Start up Costs $564,416 0 0
13 Total $453,881 Est Total Pay to AVH3 $664,416 453,891 451,343
14
Note: Presentation indicates ticensing fees cover 80°k of operating costs & donations cover 20%.
Totai Ciqr Annual 8ost w$,~,1$?,258 $453,891 $451,3d3
15 AVWS matel
Note: Cost for staff salaries and benefits would increase with any Cost of Living Allowance over the years
16
17 Cost Coiri arison Thru 2014
18 2012 2073 2014
79 $ To King County $572,837 $694,820 $799,408
20 C' of Aubum Start Up Costs Commenis $ for AVHS $564,416 $453,891 $451,343
Bulding Improvements (A Street Bldg) CosU13-14 Savings
21 w1AVH3 model $1,737,253 (S240,929) ($348;065)
Cap'ital improvements - exterior (Prelimfnary budget) $79,489 COA estimates (paid in 2012); connect sewer line, abandon septic Note: 2012 total cost must include current KC estimated payment
tank, road access, parking lot improvements, engineering fees, plus AVHS start up costs to be operating in 2013
22 contingency
Gapital improvements - interio $347,557 Donovan rothers Commercia Construction proposal (pai n 2012 Note; Savings on tenant improvement start up:costs ($564,416) to be
23 to be open 111/2013) made up in out years (201312014)
24 Licensing set up fee $1,000 Set up charge (2012 expense)
Architect Services $24,370 Kelmig Associates proposed costing (2012 expense)
25 *'Cost funded bv licensina fees of ap4x $250K olus Generai Fund
26 ConUngency $45,000 Staff review tndicates eppropriate flgure for interior '
27 SubTotal - Bidg $497,416 Work will need to be done in 2012 to be ready 111I2013
28
29 Vehicle w/6 kennel box $55,000 Need to be urchased in 2012
30 Suppties/EquipmenWniform $6,000 Need to be purchased in 2012
31 Computerlphone/cell phone $6,000 Need to be purchased.in 2012
32 SubTotal - Other $67,000
33 Tofal $664,416
-ML
Note: A majority of these expenses (paRiculady those dealing with the building) would have to be completed/paid in 2072 to ensure the
35 program was running on 1M/2013.
L:10rganizational Design (Reorg)1PlanninglAnimai Control & Rescue\20111Cost of Program.xls
CostCompUpdate080911 11:43 AM ~
"AVHS Projected Operating Bud,get - 2013
1. Payroll
a. Director (FTE) $60,000/yr. $60,000.00
b. Client Service Representative (FTE) $15.00/hr. $ 31,200.00
c: StaffVeterinarian ($50/hr esdmated @ 10 hr/wk.)1 $ 26,000.00
, d. Animal Care Manager (LVT) (FTE) $17.00/hr 35,360.00
e. Animal Care Assistant/Reception (PTE1) $11.50/hr $ 11,960.00
f. Animal Care Assistant/Reception (PTE22)$11.50/hr $ 11:960.00
Tota1 Wages $176,480.00
g. Taxes (10%) $ 17,648.00
h. Medical (80% of $475 = $380(3) $ 13,680.00
i. Overtime (5% Total Wages of FTEs -$126,560) $ 6.328.00
Payroll Total $ 214,136.00
2. Utilities $1,450/mo. 17,400.00
a. Water (est $500/mo. W&S)
b. Sewer (est $500/mo. W&S)
c. Electric ($750%month) ,
d. Phone/Fax ($50/month)
e. Internet ($50/montli)
f. Cellular (2 phones @$50ea/month)
3. Advertising3 $1,000/mo. ' $ 12,000.00
a. Web`site (design and maintenance already donated) $ 0.00
! 4. Supplies a. Office/Clerical , $1,000/mo. $ 12,000.00
b. Cleaning/Disinfectants/Laundry $1,000/mo. $ 12,000.00
c. Medical
i. Prescription, veterinary, etc. $ 1,000.00
ii. Dogs (RV, DA2PPL, Bord) Qty=273 x$4.50 $ 1,228.50
iii. Cats (Felv/FIV, FVRCP, FELV, RV) Qty=641 x$13.65 $ 9,472.82
iv. Flea Control (assuming split doses and averaging) 1. Frontline (273 x$4 dogs) (641 x$1 cats) $ 1,733.00
2. Capstar (137 x$3 dogs) (321 x$2.83 cats) $ 1,319.43 v. Microchips($10/ea.)(Qty.341) $ 3,410.00
vi. Euthanasia (avg. $3/ea.)(Qty.1'55) $ 465.00
vii. Disposal (127 x$4.00 cats)(91 x$8.OD) $ 1,236.00
viii. Pet Food (most often donated) $ 800.00
d. Staff/Volunteers (T-shirts, scrubs, uniforms) $ 1.500.00
$ 22,164.75
5. Maintenance ($400/mo) $ 4,800.00
6. Building Lease $ 1.00
7. Liability Errors & Omissions Insurance, Minimal Building $ 7.000.00
TOTAI. $301,501.75
Revenue
1. Licensing Fees4 ($240,00OA0)
2. Adoptions5 (Dogs 105x$120=$12,600/Cats 236x$98=$23,128) ( $35,728.00)
3. Gift Shop6 ( $3,519.00)
4. Grants/Donations/Fundraising j. $22.254.751
Total Revenue ($301,501,75) .
1Utilized for stable shelter population-medical management & low volume surgical
procedures. Most routine surgical procedures will be outsourced. Auburn
veterinarians will cover the after-hours on call duty - Re-assessed on a 6-month .
basis.
`zTo be hired once operational and if deemed necessary. 30ty retained markefing personnel may alleviate this expense via duaT purpose
marketing for both shelter and direct benefits of licensing and notifying public of
improved animal control services for their community.
413ased from 2010 statistics. Expected to increase with community awareness and ` local veterinary participation/collection. .
SEstimated adoption rates based from Tacoma Pierce County Humane Society:
Adoption rate from KCAC Auburn statistics = 34%. Following estimations from
Tacoma Pierce County Humane Society adoption rates in excess of 67% should be
attairiable. This would effectively double adoption revenue.
6AVHS is 7.8% the size of Tacoma Fierce Gounty Humane Society based on annual
animal intake values. Their gift shop nets $45,000 each year. 7.8% x '
$45,000=$3,519.00)
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Auburn V'alley Hurtnane Society .
Marketing Plarr Outline ;
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p{an Goals and Objectives '
Goals: ~
• To secure and maintain a locai animai shefter to care for Aubum's last, stray and abandflned
pet population
• To create a community educatian center where pets and peopte can corne together
• To create sus#ainable employment and offer countless yoluntesr opportunities for camrnunity ;
members and those considering a career working with animals ~
Objectives:
• Build awareness about the Auburn Valley Humane Socieiies' work and positive affect in the
community
• Increase numfier of licensed pets in the City of Aubum
• Supply premium quality care ta lost, stray, abandoned and injured pet population in the `
Aubum area
• Mo#ivate area residents and business owners to volunteer, make donations, and participate
in annual events
Taraet Audience
• Major regional employers and their employees (companies and organizations with 200 or
more employees) ;
• Lacal smai) #a medium business owners ~
• Lacal veterinary clinics, pet product and service providers • Current and potential indiViduaf donors - Auburn area residents
• Animal advocates - individuals and organizations Marketing Tactics ~
1. Branding and Identity
• Logo - Develop organizationa) brand and graphic identity byworfcing with qualified graphic
designer, who will develop a graphic representation that provides a consistent branded look. t
Have found 2 possible designers. Waiting on final approval from AVHS Board.
• Deliverables from the designer wi!l include a logo and tagline, color palette and
tYPo9raphY
• Graphics and messaging standards and usage guide (style guide) to he supplied
by the Marketing Consul#ant
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• Website - Redesign and enhance currenf website working with a qualffied web designer.
Web designer has been selected and will present to AVHS Board for final approval. ~
• Site ta supportAVHS goals and objectives
• Incorporate our new brand identity
• Show avaiiable shelter animals up for adoption
• Support the acceptance of online donations ~
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• Supparf online fundraising event registrafion
• Support vo(unteeirsign up and community member inquires ~
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• Suppart online fundraising contests (Top Pet Photography Contest)
• Ability to provide links to resources and other animal care information
• Ability to register for classes at the shelter
• Can update and make changes to the site simply
• Ability to display lost and found animais
• Ensure optimum search engine performance
• Communication
° Online Quarterly Newsletter
° Online and direct mail donation drives twice a year ° Social and Mobite Media - Facebook, Twitter (ongoi.ng), develop an adoption and'
donation app for Droid and iPhone'platforms
° Shelter Brochures .
° Press Releases - as needed
° Print Media - Auburn Valley Reporter
° Online BannerAds -Ability to target Iocally using Goole Ad Wards, etc.
II. Fundrafsing and Donations '
Annual Fundraising Events - Each year, AVHS will organize and hast two local fundraising
events. Currently #he two first annual AVHS events are in the pianning stages: * The Fur Ball and.Live Auctian;- currently planned for February 4th, 2012 at
Emerald Downs. This is a formal dinner and live auction event.
- * Walk and Run event- planning forApril/May 2012. Official name TBQ.
~ Fundralsing and.Event Support:Materlals ~
FLr Bal! and Live Aucffon - As an annual event these materials wiH have a separate
branded iook and feel from the standartl shelter loga. Have design contest in local schools.
, • Materials to include: ;
• Mvitationlbrochure with #icket purchase form (online and mailed) ~
~ Event Tickets
~ Event Program and Menu ~
0 Donor Badges to indicate level of donor-ship or sponsorship - Platinum, Gold, ~
Corporate Sponsar, Presenting Sponsor ~ Posters and Flyers • ' Print Ads ~
~'Logo'd Ad Specialties and Goodie Bags
# Walk. and Run evenf - As an annual event these materials wilt have a separate branded ~
look and feel from the standard shelter logo. Have design and event naming contest in I
iocal schools. (name TBD) )
lnvitationlbrochure with registration purchase form {anline and mailed} '
• Race bibs and T shirt
. • Event Program _ i
. ~ Vendor stands far food and:beverages ( charge nominal fee for vendors to have ~
space at the event)
~ PosteTS and Flyers
~ Print Ads - i
~ Logo'd Ad Specialties, Prizes for placing and Goodie Bags , j
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a Granfs - AVHS wilt collect donations from individuals, corporations, organizations and
cflmmunity members to fund the day to day operafions: of #he shelter, including animal care
costs. Grants to be allocated each year, via a formaf application and evaluation process, in
partnership with the contributing party and AVHS staff.
a!n Kind Donations - AVHS collects donations from individuais and businesses via the AVHS
website Twice a year there is an email fundraising driye._AVHS to atfend smaller local
fundraising events fhroughout the year. Current examples of arganized community events that
have been or will be attended:
* Petpalooza -AVHS Board Members and Volunteers staffed a booth.
Collected $808.03 in dflnations
* Auburn Valley , Parmers Market - Coilecteti $462 in donations and raffle ticket
purchases. A kindle, a quilt and a dinner for 2 were donated ta AVHS fo, use
as raffleprizes ,
* Aubum Good Old Days -August 13th and 14th, 2011. AVHS Board Members
and volunteers sfaifing a baoth for 2 days 9am-6pm, prizes and a raffie to ~
draw in donations. Results - TBD ;
* 1Nebsite - temporary website operationa( May 2091 ~
* Other donations to date - desk, chairs, printer and some dog and cat kenneis I
ill. Pet Licensing . I
• See Aubum Riverside High School DECA Team Plan for Pet Licensing Prograrn 4
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IV. Pet Adoption Fees and Locations !
4 Adopfing a Dog - Standard Dag Adoption $120, Puppy $170 ($50 refund upon complefion of '
Puppy School). Fees can vary based on size, breed, age and other factors. Senior adaption ~
program for older animals to ensure they find a forever Ioving home - fees TBD. Cost of ~
adoptian fees to caver: Vef weliness exam, spay or n.euter, licensing fee for 1 year, microchip 1
' with nationat registration, initial vaccines, pet care counseling, collar and leash, training dvd, ±
food sample and a toy. j
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~ Adopting a Cat or Kitten - Standard fee $98 or $161 for 2 lifter mates. Fees can vary based ~
on size, breed, age and other factors. Senior adopfion program for older animafs to ensure ~
they find a forever loving home - fees TBD Cost of adopfian fees to cover. Vet wellness exam, ;
spay or neuter, licensing fee for 1 year, microchip with na#ianal registration, initial vaccines, '
pet care counseling, cat carrier, fraining dvd, foad sampie and a toy. ;
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, • Adopting Others - Standard fee $65. Fees will vary based on animal type, size, age, j
specialized equipment and veterinary care needed and other factors. ~
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e Adopflon locatians - AVHS, Petsmart, Community Events and other locations to be
determinecl. .
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V. Tactic Evaluation - measure results
• What is warking best? (so AVHS can do more of it)!
• What targets are engaged..and which segments do we need to engage differently. ~
• U1lhat content is most compelling to the AVMS base?
• What messaging generates action, and what,#ails to stir fhe pot? ;
o Exannl2les: _
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• Website usage analytics: "What arethe most v.isited pages on theAVHS site and what -
keywords are users searching on to get to the AVHS site?" , o Response rate to direct mail, direct e-mail'. . Open and click through rates to e=mail fundraising and ofher e-btas#s. -
m Onfine survey findings, fiocus groups and other audience research.
o Change in volume of incoming inquiries from each source (website, Volunteer referral,
events, etc.) ;
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Shelter Veterinary Services
I. Admission During Business Hours -
A. Non injured apparently healthy animals.
i. AVHS Responsibilities.
a) Examination and evaluation by the staff veterinarian.
b) Written individual medical i•ecords.
c} Vaccinations as indicated by currcnt standards ofveterinary medical eare.
d) Indicated laboratory tests.
e) Treatment ofminor injuries and medical conditinns.
f) Internal and external parasite freatment.
g) Grooming as indicated.
fi) Spay or neuter as ind icatec3.
B. Injuired or sick animals
i. Crifical or severely injured animals (estirnated to be 6-10 animals per year by available statistics)
a) Triage by ACO and/or staff veterinarian if available.
_ . ~ Ifa staff veterinarian is not available or if the indicated treatment is beyond the the
level of care available af the shelter, the ACO will transport the patient to a private
veterinary clinic for treatment at the City ofAuburn's expense. The City reserves the
right to negotiate fees in advance with local veterinary hospitals mid can set limits on
any treatments. The, goal of emergency treatment will be to stabilize the patient and
provide effective pain management. The City is not required to provide advanced .
medical or surgical ca.re.
o When the patient is stable it can be transferred to the shelter for ongoing treatment at
" the expense ofAVHS. If the owners are located, AVHS will attempt to recover
veterinary expenses from the owners.
ii. Animals witli minor or non-]ife t}ireatening injuries or medical conditions.
a) Triage by Staf.FVeterinarian or LVT.
m Will be admitted to the shelter and treated by the shelter veterinary staffat AVHS's
expense.
Il. Admissions Aftcr Business Hours :
A. Non injured and apparently healthy animals.
i. Admitted by ACO and entered i.nto shelter computer system.
a) 'I'IZe nexl morning, prcytoc;ol l.A.i,a-h (outlined above) will be followed.
B. lnjured or sick animals
i. Critical or severely injured aniriials (estimated to be 6-10 animals per year by available statistics)
a) Triage by ACO
e The ACO will transport_the patient to a priyate yeterinary clinic for treatment at the
City ofAuburn`s expense. The City reserves the right to negotiate fees with local veterina,-y hospitals in advance and can set limits on any treatments, The goal of
emergency treatment will be to stabilize the patient and provide effective pain
management. The City is not required to provide advanced medical or surgic;al care.
m When lhe patient is stable it can be transferred to the shelter for ongoing treatment at
the expense ofAVHS. Ifthe owners are located, AVHS will attempt to recover
veterinary expenses frorri the owneis.
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ssodafianofShelterYeterinarians T"
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Q~ c~o~a ~ ~a opo
7'he Association of Shelter Veterinarzans ~ 2010
Autbors.-
~ Sandrd Newbury, Mary K. Blinn, Philip A. Bushby, Gynthia'Barker Cox,
Julie D. Dinnage, Brenda Gri f f in,, Kate F. Hvc ley, Natalie Isaza, Wes Jones, Lilo Mille.r, '
]eanette Q'Quin, GaryJ: Ratronek, IVlartha 5mith-Blackmore, Miranda Spindel I
Grtideldnes fnr Standards af C'.rtre in Arrimal Shelters
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Association of Shelter Veterinarians
Sgund~~°ds of Ca[Min
.
T1reAssocitztiofz ofShelter Tleteriizari.n.ns ~ ZOlO
AvthOrs Sandra Newbury, DVM, Chair, Editor Wes Janes, DVM
Koref Shelfer Medicine Progrpm, Center for Sheller belerinurion, Napa Numone, Napa; Cnliforniq.
Companion Animaf Heallh, University of Califorriid
Davis, Davis, CaliForniu_ Ltld Miller, DVM, Editar
Adjoncf Assislanl Professor of ShellerAnimaf Medicine, Uice-President, YelerinaryAdvisor, ASPCA, "
Deparfinenf of Pa►hoGiological Sciences, Universily oF New Yorh.
1NisconsinSchool of Yeterinary Medicine, Madison, AdjunG Assisipnf Professor, Cornell t,lniversity College
YViscon;in, of Ueterinary Medicine, Uhaca, New York.
Universily of Pennsylvqtio School of Velerinary
,
Mary K. 8!i»n, DVM Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvonia.
Shelfer Yeterinorian; CharloAe/Meck(enburg Animo!
Caae and Confrol, ChorloHe, North Cqrolinp. leanefte O'Quin, DVM '
Public Health Uelerrnarian, f3ltio Depdrtment of Nealth,
Philip A. Bushby, DVM, M,S, DACVS Zoonolrc Disease Program, Columbus, Qhia
Marcia L6ne Endowed Profess6r of Numane Elhics
bnd Animal Welfare, CoNege. oF 1/elerinary Medicine, Gary J. Potronek, VMD, PhD, Editar
Miss+ssippr Stale University, Mississippi Siafe, Vice Presidenl for Animaf Welfare and New Arogrnm
( Missis.;ippi. DeveTopmeni, Animal Rescue Le,ague of Bosfon, 8osion,
' Mossaci+useNs.
Cynthio Barker Cox, DVM Clinico! Assislonf Professor, Cummiogs School
Nead Shelter Vetc
rrnarian, Mossbchusefts 5ociely _ oF 1/eterinary Medicine al TuFts, lVorth Grafton,
for (he.Prevention oFCrue(ty fo Aniinoh, Boston, Massachusetts.
Massachuseits. -
Martha Smifh-Btackmare, DVM, Editar
Jvlie D. Dinnage, DVM Direc(or of 1/eterinary Medical _Services, Artimo/ Rescue
Fxecufive Direcfor, Assbriation of Shelfer feogue oFBosron, Boslon, Moss6chuseBs.
Veterinaribns, Scottsdole, Arizona. felfow, 7ufls Center for Animpls and Public PoJiry.
Clinica/Assistan) ProFessor, Cuffimings School
Brenda Griffin, DVM, MS; DACVIM oFVelerirtoryMedicine at Tuhs, Nodh Graifon,
AdjunclAssociafe.ProfessorofSlietler7Vledicine, Massachusells.
Collec~e of Ve►erinary Medrerne; University oF Ffocida,
Gainesvrlle, Florido. MProntla Spindel, DVM, MS
Qirecfor of Ueterinary Oulreoch, ASPCA,
Kate F Hucley, DVM, MPVM for► Collins, Colorado.
Koret Sheller Medicine Pregram, Cenler for Goropaniozi Animpl Heallh, University of California
Davis, Davis, Califoinia.
Natalie Ltaza, DVM
Clinkal Assistan! Professar, Merial Shelter Medicine .
Cferkship,'College of Uetgrinory Medicine, Universily
of Florida, Gainesviile, Floridp.
~
3
Grriclelines forSrancGndr of C'wnr in Arritnal Shc!/en
Tabl.e of contents
~
Authors 3
• Introduction 7
eockground 8
1. Cliollenryes fo Ensuriny Welfare 8
2: The Need for 5tnndords 9
3. Thc Five Fieedorns uncl Compnniori Animols ' 10
How to Use This Dotumen! 11
Management and Record Keeping 12
1. Esioh!ishmenl of Policie_ and Protocols 12
2. Mnnagernenl 5truclure 12
, - „ - - , _ _
1'raining . 12
4. Animal (dentification and P,ecorrJ Kaeping 12' '
Facility Design antl Environment 13
1. Pr'rmory Enc.losure 13
2. Stirfuces and Droinage 15
3. Henling VeNilalion, andAii Qualiy 15 4. Liglii ,.G S. S.ouncl Co;,trc;l - 17 . 8. Drop Bcxes 17
Population Management ' 18
i. Cupnciiy fsx .C.ore 18
2. Pralocols FnrMainlaining Adequote Capacily for Care ] 9
3. N4onitoring Sigtislical Dola 19
Sanitation 20
1. tlleaning and Disinfedion 20
nJ Sonifafio~~ P~c~cec~ures 20
b1 fomife Conlrol ' 22
2: Olher CJleoning 23 ,
3. Rodent%Pesi Conirol 23
Medical Healt6 cnd Physical Well-being 24
{
1. Veierinuiy Relolionship ond Recordkeeping 24
2. C;onsiclcrations on lnloke 25
4
' 7aGle ofcontolrs
r
3. Vaccinrilions 25
4. Ernergency Meclicol Core 2G
5. Poin Nlunagernew 26
6. 'Poiasile Gonlrol 27
7. Monitaring anc( Daily Rounds 27
8. Nutrilion 78
9. Population Well-being 29
10. Response to Disease or 116iess 29
aJ lsolalion 29
Ei} Dicrgiiasis 34
rJ Outbreok Rc>sponse 30
11. Medical Treulmenl of Sheller Animals _ 30
Behcviaral Health qnd Mentcl Well-being ` 32
1. Considetaliarts on Inluke 32 -
, aJ Behovioml Hislory 32
bJ Minirnrzing Slress 32
2. Behavior Evuluolion 32
.
3. ln-shcher Corc 34
ciJ Ernirc~nrnant 34
Fnclosures 34
Seporolion . 34
11) DnilyRoWinc 3A
cl Cnrichment aiid Socinliznibn 34
Inlciaclions wiili People 34
$ehovioiql Considerdiions'for long-tcrrn Shelter Sttays 35
C?ihei Typesof Entfchment , 36
d) E3e~u~vrc>rt~i l~'{odi{icotion _ 36
Group Housing 37
, . .
1. Risks nrid Brnefifs r>f GrQula Hcusing ' . 37
2. Facilil;es 37
(
3. Selection 37
4. Whcn Group Hcusing is Incippropriole ' . 38
• . _ 5
i
Animal Handling 39
l. R.estrainl 39
2 Lucr7lian und Tlmiiig 39
3. Equipmenl 39
4. (eral Cols 39
Euthanasib 40
1. Euihanasia Techniquo 40
- uJ Corbon monn.xicle 40
bj Verifrccllion of Deulli d 1 ,
2. Environment and Equipmenf 41
3. Recnrd Keeping and C'ontrolled Subsicinces 42
4. Slo(f Training 42.
Spaying cnd neutering 43 1., Vetcrinary Medical Guidelines 43
2. Suigery ond Anesthesiq 4~
3. Ideniih,ing Neutcred Animals 44
Animal Trcnsport 45
. 1. Responsibiliiies of Parlicipalrng Individuals and OrgunizniiQns 45
riJ General 45
bJ Responsibiliiies ut Point ~f Ur~qin 45
cl Rasponsrbrli)ies Dw1ng Transpor! 46
Primary F.nclesure cmd Occuponcy 46
Vehicles /b
Traiispoitei ResponsibiliGes 47
e(f ResponsibiJiti2s ol Desfinrilion 47
Public Hedlth 48
1. 7_oonr~ses 4$
2. Animal-Relolecllniuries 49
3. Emerging C?iseoses ~on~1 Anli-mic.iobinl Rcsistanc:c: 50
Conclusions 51 -
l
References 52
Glossary of Terms. 63
6
Intruductrou
Introduction
T,he Associotion of 5helter Ueterinbrians (ASV) is always anim.qls needs, which rempin the same
an intemational orgonizotion whose mission is regdrdless of tke mis"s'ron of an organiiation or ,
, .
to impr,ove the heahh and well•being of animals the challenges involved in meeting thase needs.
in shelfers fhrough the advoncement of shelter As wilh any specially, sfielter medicfrie continues
medicine. This document is fhe resuit of worlc to evolve; siudies and clinical experience continue
that the ASV 6egan in 2008 to address ihe Idck to provide nc:w inforrriation ihat onimol caregivers
of guidelines ot sfandards of care for animals in must consider in order to provide truly humane mre.
shelters. Principles of animaf care Ihol were believed lo be
appropriate jusf q few years ago may no longer
The first step in the process wds ta convene v be considered to be eOecfive or humone. Shelters
taskforce to define the scope of Ihts project. An should bear lhis in mind and be willing lo bdppt q$
exfiaustive review of the scienti#ic literature was ihey review Iheir prog"'roms.
underiaken to uncover as much data a.a Possible
peitaining to.housing, care, healtfi, pnd well-being The Guidelines for Slanddrds of Care in Animal
of dogs ond cats in populaiion settings. Members of Shelters is intended to: be d living document tlial
fhe.taskforce then undertAOk writing this document will be periodicafly reviewed and revised. This
over a period of 2 years. In some cdses, answe,r3 ddcument does nof attertipt to provide :speciFic
were not availoEile in the literaiure; in ttiose operational instrucfions,. as lhese musl be tailored to
instonces, recommendations have been based on each individual sett'ing. References areprovid.ed that
the coliective expert opinion of the authors. can be used fo oblam more detailsd information. It
~ is the authors` greotesl hope thai this dacument will
Every attempt was made to balance animal welfnre serve shelter animals ana [hose vvho core For them
science with practiea) and reolistic recommendations by providin.g scientific and humane guidelines for
specific fot shelters. The guiding qrinciple wds their care.
,
7
Grridelrueffnr Swrdardsof Gtre irr An!»>al Shelfeis
Background
4
Hisiorically, the provision of cc]rE for stray, 1< ChC8jfeP1ge5 9'O Ett5YJ9'qB'9g .
unwonied, and ownerrelinquished animals in 1A/e0fae'e
the United Slotes dates back b ihe founding of The heterogeneou's, fragmentecJ nblure of s{ielfer
the first large-scale dnimal shelrers in Mew York, systems, coupled with the lack of a consistent
Boston, and Phiiadelphia 'in the late 1800's. Most regulatory structure, has made it difficult ta ensure
shelters were originally intended for handling large aclec{uate care for sheher animdls. This difficuly is.
numbers of dogs for brief periods of time as part of compounded by a multihide of challenges. onimal control progroms. That mission drove shelter
design and opergtion for neody 100 yeaPs. Animal There is a grow.. ing bady of literafure documenting a
sheltering has evolved considerobly since those long list of slressors for animals entering slielters, such
early doys. as: leaving a familiar environment; confinernenl;
adapling fo new souncls, srriells; 6rid vrrfamiliar
SheEtering orgonizolions can now be found for animals; and being hnndled by unfdmifiar people.
almost any compdnion or domestic animai species As accurs in zoo, fQrm, and laboraiory selfings,
(e.g., rolibits, birds, rodents, horses, livestock), shelter onimols con be challeng.ed by boredo.m,
and for manyr exotic species as well. The enrities frustration, iso{ation, social deprivation and other
delive(ng services vary from large, wel!-estoblisNed stresses arising out of confinement (Griffin 2006;
agencies with signifieant resources, fo grass-roofs Stephen 2005). Lenyth of stoy has 6een clearly
groups, loosely-networlced individuals, or individuals identified qs a risk fador for animal illnass in shelters
aeting olone. The specirum of progrqms is equally (Dinnage, 2009; Edinboro 2004).
i
diverse, including: traditional qpen-odmission
shelters; care-for-life sdnctugties a.nd hospices; Marry facilities, which were historically designed for
home-based rescue 6nd fostercare nelworks; short-term hpndling of animols (e.g., forstray holding
virtual infernehbased onimal trdnsporl progroms; period), ore poorly suited fo meet the physical
behavioral rehabilitation centers; limited or planned and behavioral needs of onimals (Beerda 1997,
admission shelters; no-kill or 6doption guarantee 1999a, 19996, 2000; GriFfin 2006; Hennessy
shellers; high volume ac{option agencies; and mdny 1997; Holt 2010; Hubrecht 1992; Kessler
permutations of these various approaches. In this 1997, 1499b, McCobb 2005; Ottway 2003;
document the term °sheller' is meanl io apply to all Tuber 1996). Various fac(ors have confributed ta
of the entities menfioned above. increased ferrgth of stay. At many shelters thete is
a greater potential for Qnimals to be, confined ko
In contrast to marry other setlings such as zoos or inadequate insfitulionql or quasi•inslilutional seftings
laboratories (AZA 2009, 2010; ILAR 1996), the from monihs in mony cases; to ihe remainder of their
care of animals in sheliers remains unstando.rdized lives in others, compouncling concems Obout iheir
and unregulated at the no6onal level. Although as welfare. The some issues recognized for many years
of 2010, al leost 18 states require animal sheBers by the zoological communiiy (Maple 2003) are
to be rsgistered or licensed (CO, GA, Il, IA, KS, now confronting shelters.
MA, ME, MI, MN, MO, NE, NH, NJ, NC, PA,
R.I, VT, Wq, and six require establishment of an Ovei Ihe past 15 year5, ihere has been an
ddvisary board (CO, KS, lA, ME, MO, 7X) (ASPCA explosive growth of grass•roots sheitering efforts.
2006a, 20.06b; MDAR 2009); these reguldtions Tkis ezpansion of the number of per3ons working
are inconsistent and often inadequately monitored at on behalf of homeless cortlpanion animals has
the state or local levels. undoubtedly saved many animal (ives, ond overoll
is a very positive development: Concern qrises,
hawever, when animal core +s providect by
8
J3ackg,on,id
i
indididuals wi►h good intentions but with liltle Io have incteased. ;This elhic is reflected in the
no appropriate Irpining in popuiption husbondry, professional literiatute as well ds in extensive
onimal behavior, animal health, and/or veterinary guidelines ancl/or todes o( ethics issuecJ by tfade
,medieine. Lack af awareness of information about organimtions, regulatary balies, pdvisory boards
6heltering or lack of conneclions to tlte latger sfielier and poliry-making agencies Eor 'onimals in almosf
communiy may be -odditionol barriers to ensuring every conceivoble setting except animol shelters
adequate care. [e:g., zoological parks (AZA 2009, 2010; Kohn
. 1994), reseorch laborotories (CACC 1943; ILAR,
There hcrve been a growing number af incidenks 1996; $CAW 2001), breeding kennels (AKC
where shelFer conditions have caused seveie a,nim6l 2006, 2008.), caqeries ICFA 2009; CV~m 2009),
suffering ancl :unnecessary death (ALDF website; exotic wildlife sancfu.aries (ASA 2009; Brent 2007;
Dudding 2009; HSUS 2007; Mckinnon 2009; GfAS 2009), animal dgriculture (FASS 1999;
Peat 2009; WBZN 2009). A growing number of Mench 2008; Veissier 20481, pet industry relailers
alfegations of cruely have.been filed agafnsl shelters (PUAC 2009), boarding kennels (CVMA 2007;
or sanciuaries for 610e to pr.ovide odequale 6nd New Zedland 1993;, PCSA 2009), domestic
humane care (LA Times 2010). Lock of acaeptable wildlife rehabililation iMi)ler 2Q00), dnimal rescue
stondards of care and failure:to recognize oir respond (ARA), equine rescue and retirement facilities (AAEP
to anirnal suFfering has conlri6uted fa Ihese cases. 2004; GFAS 2009)].
Many of ihese issues ore not unique to the.sheltering It mighl be assumed Ihat arrticruelly statures would
~ communiy.. CJyer a quorter century ago, scandals. pr,otect shelter a.nimals, but ihese statutes ore qften
revolving around substandacd animal care, neglect not sufficienr to .ensuie that animals in either public
and mi$manage.,.ment rocked the laboratory animal or private shelter and rescue seltings receive proper
world (Blum 1994) ond the zoo comrnunily (Maple care. One reason for this is th'at many reloin 19th-
2003). For Iqboratories, this led to significant federal century wording, which' is difficult 7o interpret in
regulalion of animol care; for zoos, this triggered modern settings, i.e.:
considerabls internaf didl6gue and enhanced self- ,
regulation (Wielbnowski 2003). Debates aboit °Whoever overdrives, overloads, drives when overlovded, overworks, tortures,
farm animol a,velfare continue with less apparent tormenls, deprives of necessary sustenance, cruelly beats, mulilates or kills an
progtess: Consequent{y; the failure to :selFregulate onimal, or causes or procures an animal to be overdriven, overloaded, driven
husbandry in some. concentrated animol feeding w6en overloaded, -oyer.worked, tortured; brmented, deprived of necessdry
opeFations ("factory farms") has k?egun to drive suslenance, cruelly beaten; mutilared or kil(ed,•... ond whoeve , having
the publir to.seek legislative solutions (e.g., ballot the chorge or cusfody of an animal, either as owner or olherwise, inflicts
iniliaiives [o.ban.gesfation and ve.al crates). unnecessary crue/ty upon it, or unnecessprily fails fo provide it with Proper
food, drink, shelter, sanitary environmenF, or protection kom 1he weqlher, and
2. The Need for Staeidcerds whoever, as owner, posse;sor, or person having the charge or cuslody of an
Daspite the lessons.. leamed from the high-profile anirndl, crue0y drives or works ir when unfit for labor, or willfully o6andons ir
exompl.es referenced obove, and ,tho dvailability or'carries it or caus.es it fo be corried in or upon a vehrcle, or otherwise, in an
of sub"sfontidl iesources lo _guide sfieller. operalions unnecessarily cruel orinhuinane manner or in a way and manne"r whkh mrght
(ASPCA 2009; HSUS 2010; Nliller 20046, endanger the dnimal carried thereon, or knowingly and willfully authorizes oi
2009; NACA 2009c; Peterson 2~08; UC Davis permits it l0 6e subjected to unnecessory torlure sufFering or cruelly of any kind
website), it is regrettable that serious deficiencies commifs lhe crime of cruelly fo animals".
in companion-animal tare in shelters cnniinue to
ocacur. There is convincing evidence.tha► societal It can be di#ficult to apply this oufdatecl anti-
expecta}ions for the eare and welfare of an'imals cruely language to adcJreas modern concerns
9. .
Guidrlines for St,:ndInclrof Cure in Anirrral Shel.ters
;
aboui physicai and psychological suffering from thai onimols should be treated with respect and
confinement as v,+eli as suFfering` frorii illness ar digniy ihroughout their lives (AVMA 2006). death. Furthermore, ihere can be a large gop
between adequate care and deficiencies serious A brooder, independent sel of s►andotds developed_
enough to prosecute under existing cruelly statutes. from wiihin the shelter veterinary communiy is
This leaves the possibilily Ihal subslonfiol numbers needed to identify best and unacceptable proc#ices
of animals will live in substandard conditions within as well as minimum siandards of c6re for shelter
orgonizations expected to protect aniinal welfare. animals - whether in o Eorge organization; a small
In some 'cases, the orgflnlzations that are at fauh home-bQSed effort, or someihing in between. In orde.r
for pinviding inoppropriate or negligent care are to be flexible enough to guide any lype of sheliering
governed by ihe same entiiy tfwt investigates animal situotian, standards need to clearly desuibe some
cruelfy, creating a conflicr of'interesfi. general principles wilhout being over(y prescriptive.
Because the legal definition of animcil crueliy varies The welfare principles enumerated os the Five
from stare to stpte it is beyond the scope of these Freedoms (Toble 1) (Farm Animaf Welfare Council
guidelines to specifically and directly address animal 2009) provide a model that is applicbble across
cruelty. However, it is clear thal when failure by an species and siivations, includinganimal'shefters. The
individuof to provide certain minimum siandards of Five Freedoms were created in 1965 in the United
care constilutes animal cruely, the same standards Kingdom as a result of a report by the Brambe(I
~ musl appiy to shelters. Good intentions or lack Commission lwhich later became the Farm Animol
` oE resources should not serve as an excuse for Welfare CouncilM ro address welfare concerns in
municipalities or private organizafions io permit or agriculture settings: There fs ample evidencelhat the.
perpetuote animal cruelty. Five Freedoms are broodly accepted as guidelines
for weffare for all animols. For example, o survey of
3. The Five'Freedoms and large animal fciculy at veterinary schools indicated
CC16t16]CHfliOPt Ap1111CiIS strong support for Ihese prineiples in Ihe United States
The Americon Ueterinary Medical Association (Heleski 2005), and it has been recommended
Table 1. Five Freedoms (AVMA) has brief care guide{ines for companion thal they are equally useful as a frpmework for
For Animal WelFare {Parm . animals including some recommendations for zoo animal welfare (Wielebnowski 2003). The
Animal Welfare Council humane societies (AVMA 2008). They have also Five Freedoms also form the basis for minimum
2009j. stoted, fhraugh the AUMA Animaf tNelfare Principles, standards For dogs, cals, and animals in boarding
facilities promulgated by fhe New Zeoland Ministry
1. Freedom from Hunger by ready access to Fresh water and a diet to of Agriculture (New Zealond 1998, 2007) and
,
and Thirst mainfain fuU health and vigor recently, for standards from the Canadion Veterinory
Medica! Associotion for cats (CVIVIA 2004}.
2. Freedom from by providing an appropriate environment This approdch fios afso been embroced by the
Discomfort including shelter and a comfortable resting area (oboratory anima! communily (Boyne 1998; CACC
- 1993; IIAR 1996; SCAW 2001). As performance
3. Freedom from Pain,
Injury or Dissase by prevenfion or rapid diagnosis and heutment standards, ratlier than engineering standards, the
Five Freedoms defi.ne outcames and imply criteria
4. Freedom io Express by providing sufficieni space, proper facilities for assessment,: but do not prescribe the meihods by
i Norma) Behavior and company of the animol's own kind which to achieve those outcomes. The Guidelines
(or Standords of Care in Arrimal Shelters has been
5. Fraedom from Fear and by ensuring conditions and treatment which wfiHen using the Five Freedoms forAnimaf Welfare
Distress avoid mentaFsuffering as the basis for all sections in ihisdocument.
30 j
I
`Huiv ro usc this cldcrrMcnr
.
How, ta use this documeri.t. .
Thete ace 12 sectians in the document. ;Eqch section It is recognize.d that impleinenfation of "ideal"
shoufd be rea.d in its enfirety so ihot recommendations recommeodations may not' be pQssi6le in all
dre not taken out of confexf and misunderstood. circumstances but would certqinly enhance care for
-$helters shQuld not focus :solely on. tfie limitecl animols. A glossaryof terms is provided at the end
number of unacceptable practices or coll ou.ts th:at of lhis documeat b aid in uiidekatanding.
kdve been -separaiely highlighted. These tepresenf , .
summary points ihal dtaw attenlion to some issues of The terms "long-term". and. "shott-ierm" are used in
greot concern, bu1 do not ptovide sufficient basis for severol sect'ians of this document (e.g., Facilities,
thorough ev6luotion oi d program.; Behavior, Mecl?caI He61th ond Physiml Well-being). It is difficult to defirte when a shelter stay shiffs
No shelterirsg organization; regardleu of from being short•lerm to long-Ierm, and the impact
its tircumstances, i.e.; 6udgef, size; etc.; oE length of stay may affect individual onimafs.
should engage in any practice that is deemed differently. Therefore, recommendations found
unaceeplable. Unqcceptqble• pr4ctices musl be throughout this document that refer to I.ong-term stays
c,orrected withovt delay. Far exqmple, fai[ui*e fq do not have a speufic tiinefrQme,associated wiih
identify and provide, analgesia for painful conditions them. Ideolly, recommendations to ensure physical
is unatceptable and cor.rective sreps must be taken ond behavioral health dnd well-being for long-term
immediately. Whenever a practice is identified as care should be implemented as.soon as possible,
°must", it is belieyed that without ddherence to this regardless of length of stay expectations, but
recommendaiion,'the delive"ry of a minimum levei of especidlly wiheRever a stay is anticipcrted to exceed
accept661e:6r.humane care is not possible. Use of' 1 or.2 weeks.
Ihe word "should" implies a stmng recnmmendation.
' 11
Ma»ngemew a)ecl recoid kecping
Management and record keeping -
~
Lines of authoYtty, Implemenlation 'of the recommendalions in ihis duthoriy; ; responsibiliy, and supervision should
responsibility, a1zGl document requires aclequato- resources, plonning, ideally be put in writirrg, reviewed periodically
supervision should training, and moniioring; these operational and upclafied when roles chonge. AuthQriy and
ideally be piit in principles form ihe Foundotion upori which marry resporisibiliy must be given only to those who hove
writin , reviewed o~her elements described in this document musl rest. th2 r~ rorra►e knowlecl e anrl trainin Mon
g PP ~9 9• y
periodically and To build this foundation; organizations must have.a decisions involve issues :of tesource allocation as updated when roles clearly defined mission; policies and protocols fhat well as population healfh and individua) onimal
chcztxge. reFlest current informafion; adequate staff Iraining welfare; in these coses broad consideratiori must
and supervision; and proper management of be given ip alf factors, and decisions may well '
animal care. Because animal health is interwoven be made by a group of qudlified individuais.
into vir(ually every Facel of shehering or rescue However, in cases where animal welfore could be
programs, veterinariqns should be inlegrolly compromised, a veierinarian's. decision. shou.ld noi
involved with development and implementation be ovenidden. Supervi'sion and accountab'rlity for
of 'an organiza►ional plan,, and musf have all -stoff and volunteers bre essentiaF ro ensure that
, supervision of inedicdi and surgical care of animals. poiicies and probcols guide daily acfivities:
CJrgdnizofional functioning, employee heallh and
well-being, and anima) wellness are inextricably 3. TYperiielg
linked (Reeve et al 2004; Rogelberg et al 2007). Adequate troining is.required . to ensuce humone
onimal care, as well as staff and public safely (ILAR
1.- Establoshoreent of Polecies and 1996): This includes :alfocating time and resources
,
Adequate traiizing P9'Ototol5 foremployees qnd volunteers lo complete trpining
is required to A cleaily defined mission forms the busis for prior ta undertaking . responsibili y For tosks_ The
ensztre humctne development of ocgonizationol policies, including slcills, knowledge bnd training to accomplish each
anzmal care, cis those relating to animal care, inlake, treatment, task mus► be successfully demonstrated before
well as staffdJ'td odoption; and euthanasia. Policies must address proficienry is assumed. Continuing education should
public safEly the resources and (egal/contractual obligations be provided in order to mdintain and improve skills.
oF the c5rganization. Ptolocols must be developed Documentarion of Iroining should be maimoined.
and documented in sufficienf detail to achieve and
maintain the standards described in this document, 4. AnianaB Identification and
and upddted as needed fo ensure Ihaf they reflecf Record Keepong .
currenf information and perfinent leg'islation (Hurley A unique identifier(e.g., nametind f.or number) and
2008aJ. All slaff (and volunteers as needed) must record must be estciblished for each animal upon
have access to up-lo-date probcols. Expert input on in'take, Idenfifica6on should be physically affixed to
pll policies arid prolocols related to maintenance of the animal (e.g., collar or tbg) far the durotian of
physical and behwioral animal health should be the onimal's siay unless ihis poses a so(ey risk for
pr,ovided by a veterinarian. Ideally, this:veterinqrian onimals ancl/or staff. Basic elements of d record
would have, training or experience in shelter should include: the identifieF; results of microchip
A unique identifze7' medicine os well as knowledge about the particulor scan, microchip number if present, source of animal,
(7ZQYiZe l112dl0Y' population. tlotos of enlry and deporture, outcome; species, age,
nuln6er) and 9ender, physical description (breed and colors), arid
record miut 2. Management Structure qvailable medicol and behavioral informalion. (See
; Ge establishecl Aclearlydefinedstructurethatoutlinesaccountabiliy, section an Fopulation Management and section on
for each animdl responsibiliy, and aulhorily foe management Medical Heollh and Well-being for more information
zspon iratalze. wirhin the organization is essenrial and must be on medical records and populdtion doto collection.)
communicoled io al) staff and volunteers. lines of
12
Facility De.rign rtnd L•rrviroxnrent
Facilify Design and Environment ~
5helters must provide an environmenl thar is conducive primary enclosures for cats and dogs. Errclosves PODY Cat h0t1,;s2,12g ts
to maintoiNng animdl heahh. faciliries must be that permit care and cleaning without removal of ihe one of the gr~eatest
dppropridle {ar the species, Ihe number of animals animals (e.g., double-sided or .compartmentoliied shoYtc01?ZL12gS
receiving care and 1he expecled (engfh of sloy in enclosures) are very important to prevent diseose observed in
order #o ensure physical and psyctiofog'tcdl well- tronsmission and should 6e provided For recendy shelters arid 1?as
being o# the animals. The design should provide for qdmifted or ill animols and those who are younger a saibstantially
proper sepqration of Qnimols by health sfatus,, age, thon 20 Weeks of age. neg~ttive izpaat.on
gender, species, temperoment, and predator .-prey both henltl~ arad
s#alus (see seclion on Medicnl Health and Physical The primary enclosure should be repdily cleoned well-being
Well-being and sedion on Behavioral Health and and disinfected. Eve.n in home-bqsed. shelters, where
Nfental Well-being for more informarionJ, and in.ciude the home itself or 4 room within the home may be
sufficient spac.e Eor Ihe shelter operations descnbed the primary enclosure, sanitation is. importanl. Until
in Ihis document (intake; exarriination, holding, disease concerns , have. abated, newly arrived
adopYron, isolation, trealment, food storoge, laundry, animals should be housed in oreos of the home, or
and when necessary, euthanasia). enclosures wiihin fhe home, thal can be. properly
and easily soniiized.
Entrances and exils; hallways, and rooms should be
arranged sa thaf movement through Ihe fcrcility (`fool Tetheriny is an unacceptuble melhod of confinement
traificI and cleaning, as. described in the Sanitafion forany animal ond has no p[ace in humane shekering
section, . should proceed From ihe areas housing (HSUS 2009a). Constant tethering of dogs in lieu of
~ the most su3ceplible to disease and/or healthiest o primary enclosure is not.a humane practice, and
animals fo,those who are most likely Ia be a*ou[coof the Animal Wel(nre Act pcohibited its use in 1997
contqgious disease. One set of guidelines for qll regufoted entities (APHIS 1997a),
recomrtiends 'ihat at leas) 10% of. the facilily
housi.ng copociy shopld be mode availbbl4 for Primary enclosures must provide sufficient space
isolation of animals diagnased with or suspected af to allow each animat, regarclless of species, to
hoding infectious diseases (New Zealond 1993). make normal posturol gdjustmenls, e.g., to iurn
Organizationslhatprovide servites to privatelyowned freely and ro easily stand, sit; stretch, move Iheir
animals(e.g., spay/neuteror veterinary clinics) should heod, wilhout touching the top oF, the enclosure,
separate Ihose ariimals from shelter animols. lis in a comfortable position with limbs extended,
move about and.assume a comforfable posture for
1. Prorretary Eraelosure feeding; drinking, urinating and defecating (AAEP
A primary enclosure is defined as an area of 2004; CFA 2.009; Hansen 20p0; King County
confinement -such qs o cage, run.,. kenne.l, .5tall, or 2009; Kulpa-Eddy 2005; New Zeolond 1993).
pen, where an animal eats, sleeps, and in tnosf In addition, cats and.dogs should 6e vble to ho(d
sheltering situations spend.s the majority of its time: Iheir lails ereci when in'a normal standing positiQn.
The primary enclosure must be sltucturally 3ound and Primary enclflsures should. allow, animals to see ou) -
maintained _in sa(e, woFking conditio.n b ptoper(y but should olso provide at least some opportuniy ►o TethePtl2g ZS an
confine animals, prevent injury, keep other animals ovoid visuol contact with oiher animals (Carlstead =table
out, and enable the animals to remain dry and 1•993; Overoll 1997, Wel(s 1998). of
clean. There inust nof be any sharp edges, gaps C03Zft1"1eY122JZt f0y'
~ or other defecls that could couse an injury or lrap A tonge of minimum dimensions hove been ayay nsaimal arid
a limb or other bbdy part. 5ecure latches or ofiher suygested for ptimary enclosures for dogs and bas no plrtce in
closing devices must be present. Wire-mesh battams , cats (CFA 2009; GriKin 20.06; New Zealand hzsmane shelterisig.
or slatted Hoors in cages are not ac`eeptable far. 1993).. Most of these recommpndafions :ezceed
13
Guidrli;ics fnr Sta»r/mds of Cnrr hr Arrinial S/~elters
Enclosures that what is lypically Found in many sfieltets. Because described in N figure above; ar walking dogs with
permit care and of the wide range of body sizes for dogs; specific sufficient'frequency on a ddily basis that Ihey do not
Cleti7Zt12g Zvtthout recommendotions for minimum kennel sizes dre not need lo urinafe or defecale Within their enclosures, .
removal of the included in ihis document. However, the size of provided ihis can be acwmplished wiihout undue risk
uninzizls ctre very each primdry enclosute must be. sufficient to meet lo healih and safely: -
ZY12p0YtaY6t t0 the physical and behavioral parameters described
prevent disea.se obove. Cess fhan 2 feet of triangulated distance Altenlion should be pa'id to the habits of individual
tYll92Sri2tSSt0Yt, (IrId between liiterbox, resfing pfoce and feeding area animals: Confinement, even in compartmentalized
should be pr•ovided has been shown to advsrsely affect food in#ake for housing, will inhibit some dogs, from urinp6ng or
f0Y YeCetZt y cats (Figure 1 ~(Bourgeois 200.4.). Cats housed"in de(ecaling. Many cals will avoid defecation and
admitted and ill cages with 11 square feel of floor space were found urinaflon i# litrerbox location or substiate is aversive
tCtZZYiWs, afad those fo be significanty less stressed than those with only (CACC ] 993; Neilson 2004). Cafs rnust hqve a
who are younger 5.3 square feet of space (Kessler 1999b). The Cot litferbox large enough io comfortobly bccommoddfe
than 20 weeks Fanciers' Associafion recommends o minimum of 30 their entire body.
Of dgB. cubic feet per cat (CFA 2009). Shelters should strive
fo exceed these dimensions, particularly as length of For cats, verticol as well as horizbntal dimensions are
stay incretises. (See section on .Group Housing for extremely imporfaN because cals show a preference
dimensions recommended for'group housing.) for spending mate time on roisod surfaces and high
strucfures than on the floor. Some dogs also prefer
In addifion to size mnsiderations, proper layout af b rest art elevaleel surfaces: Elevoted resfing ploces
the primary endosure is' essentiaf to maintain animal should 6e proyided whenever- possible, as long
hsalth and welkare. Food ond water `bowis or as Ihis would not reslrid dnimal ;movement within
receptacles must be provided, The locai.ion of food, the enclosure. A soft resfing place should be made
wa►er, and Iitler containers relative to each other, available for all flnimals to pioyide comfo.rt and
resfing areas, cloors, etc., can have a significpnt prevent pressure sores. ftom developing (Crouse
impaci an Ihe well-being of: animals (CACC 1993)_ 1995; New Zeoland 1998).
Seporotion beiween food, urinafion and defecation, Cages or crotesiMended for s.horr-term, iempordry
arid resfing areas shouid be maximized. A primary confinement or hav21 (e.g., aidine crates, transport
enclosure musl allow animdls to sii, sleep and eat corriers, cages or crotes designed to restrict mobility
Eigure 1. Minimal spacing nway hom areas of their enclosures whe're fhey during q defined period for recovery or lreatment
recommended belween defecafe and urinate. This can be .necomplished including small stainless steel eages fess than 2 ft
lilterbox, resling pface, throughlheuseofdoubfesidedorcompartmenlalized x 2 K. are unacceptable as primary enclosures
and Food. enclosures;single.enclosuresforcatsofs.uHicientsizeas and are cruel if used as such (CFA 2009; Milleir
2000). Crotes or cages must not be stacked upon
eoch other in a manne.r that increoses animaF stress
qnd. tliscom{orl, campromises venfilation, or allows
2 feet
_ _ ___7 waste mdierial lo fall kom the cage above into the
~
. ~ / cage below:
%
i` Poor cat housin9 is one of the 9reotest shottcomin9s
observed in shelters and hos d subsbnlially`negarive
impact on boih hecslth dnd well-tieing. Ezisting
. - housing can be modified to improve feline welfdre
(e.g., cutiing portholes in slainless sTeel cages
14
' Facility Desig~i itrid Fnuir•onnietrt
to increose available space and creqte m,uhi- scratched or chipped floors that cannot be properly Cdges os^ crates
c.o.mpartment h.ousin.g unitsHUG bayis 2009}..Cats sanitized should tie repaired ot replaced. snte.nded f0Y
must haye places to hide (e:g., poper bqg or box Sf90Yt-teY'Yi2,
lorge enough to provide conceolment) nnd should , Speciol occommodbrion (e.g„ saft bedding or slip- teYlipoY~tt^y
have high poinis lo perch upon (Carlstecrd 1993- proof mols) is required for animals wilh orlhrifis, COfZfirternerat,
Crouse 1995; De Monte 1997; Griffin 20.02, muscie weakness, or other mobilify impairmenis as or travel rrre
2006;. 2009a; Hubrechr 2002; Rochlitz 1999, ,ihese animals may have difficul~ rising if surf.aces are rinrtcceptable as
2002; Walls 2000). One study #ound that the bo slippery_ flaors shvuld.6e,genilysloped to en.oble ps•imary enelosures
abiliy to hide led to decr:eased siress hormones in wastes and wafer to run oif into drains. Waste wa►er as2d ure c'rtiel if
cot§. (Corlsiead 199.3). Ideally, .cals should not be should not run o.ff in(o common nreos or.adjacenl used ds saich.
restrictecl -to floor level cages, since.these are more kennels. Adequate drain6ge must be provided (New
stressful compared fo elevated cages. Zedland 1993). When drqins are loccited in commorr
areas special cqre must,be taken ro sanitize and
As the length 'of stay incteoses (e:g., beyond 1-2 disinfect those qreqs prioc to allowing anirtiql access.
weeks), it becomes progressively more important to Drain covers shoufd be designed to prevent toes
provide space that is boih mentally and physicnlfy from being caught in drains:
sfiimula(ing; alterna6ves to traclirional housirg must be
provided. Fot anirrrals housed long term, the physfcal 3. 9-leating, Venti9ateon, CendA9A'
errvironment must include opporlunities for hiding, Qo.1plity
playing, resting, Feeding, and eliminating. For cats, Temperature and .humid,i.iy recommendqfions vary
~
llie Environment should alsa allow for seralching, v.with the species af animal being housed, but it
climkiing and .perching: Proteded indoor-AUldoor is essemial thot each primary endosure ollows
access is- ideal for mosf spQcies, especicilly when an animal to comfortably ritdintdin normal body
animals are held lang tiprm. Qutdoor spaces mu.st be lemperoture (AVMA 2008p• Mlew Zealanc{ 1994
suitably enclosed to prolect from qdv.erse weather, Temperafure and humidiy leyels sfiould be evaluaied
vandalism, and prevent escape or predalion. at the level oF the animal's body within its enclosure.
2, Surfaces and Drainage Fot dogs and cats, Ihe AVMA recommends
Non=porous surfaces that can be easily disinfected the ambient ►empetature should be lcept abwe
ond dre dutable enough to withstand tepeated 60°F (15.5°C), .and below 80°F (26_6°C), and
cleaning shoufd be used in all animql aceas and fihe relotive homidity should :cange ftom 30 ro
must be used in lhose areas housing puppies and `70% (AVMA 2008a). Because of breed, body
kittens, ar animqls .who ore infectious or who '4re candition, medicql condition, haircoat, faeial
newty admifted with on unknown hea.,Uh hisEo,ry, conformation, and age, differences, onimals must-
These principles are equqlly important in 6ome- bo mvnitored indivi.duafly to ensure thei.r comforl
based progrqms. A sealed, imRermeable surface, and to ensure they can adequately rimainlain their
such os sealed concrete or epoxy is idepl fo~ body.temperalute; If animdls appe6*r too cold (i.e.,
flooring (New Zealand. 1993). Carpeting should shivering or huddling togelher For wiirmth) or ioo hot
not be used in anirnal housing ❑reas .because, it (i,e., exeessive pa.nlingl, necessqry mea.sures musl
cannol be effectiyely cleaned and disi,nfectecl. In a be loken to erisure animol comFort arid safely (i.e.,
home-6ased setting ar light use 'situqtion, linoleum, odjustments lo the thermostat, additional bedding,
i . or filed Hoom may be iicceptable, but sedms -and fans, movement to another area of ►he shelter, health
groui lines reqvire higher maintenance: and attenfian evalud8on, etc:) Propec bedding materials, when
to sanitation than -a sealod surface. Points where kept cleatt and dry, can help animals mainrain
walls, meet floors should also be sealed. Peeling, appropriate iiody:iemperature:
15.
Guidelijtes for StanrLrtds oFC:irc in /Ininra! Shrlters
t
Fresh air is essential for maintenance aF good fhat reduce fomite transmission (e.g., double-s'ided
heallh and weli-being' as well as limiting the enclosuies that allow animals to remain inside their
spread of infeciious diseases (CFA 2009). Proper encbsures during cleaning) is also criticaf lo animal
ventilation femoves heol, dampness, odor, airborne hea(tli. Even excelfent ventilation will not overcome: .
mkrobes, 'and pollutant gasses such as ammonio the harmfiil e(fec#s of inadequote housing.,
and carbon monoxide, while allowing for the "
introduction of fresh, oxygenated air. Veniilation Good air qualiy requires good sanitalion and`
must be' mainlained a1 o high enough rate lo cleaning to reduce sources of airborne particles:
provide clean air in all areos of the shelter including and gaseous contdminants such os ammonio,
withim primary enclosures. All ventilation systems carbon inonozfde,: ana hydrogen sulfide {FASS
must be adequalely maintained ond oir qualiy Guide -1999}: Published guidelines for maximum
should be monitored at the levef of the animal. ammonia exposures reflect hazards to hum6n health
Between 10 ancl 20 room air exchanges per hour oradverse affects on onimal produc►ion ond should
with fresh air.is the sbndard recommendalion for not be used as an indicatorof proper:sani(alion.`
adequate ventilafion oE animal (acilities (European Although some of ihe regulations #or concemrated
Council 1986; Johnson 2004; ILAR 1996). animal feeding operations cite minimum ommonia
levels ai or below- 10 parts per million (ppm),
Uentilation requirements wry dspending on accepfable levels in a shelter should be less than
population densiy ond pollutants in ►he air. A 2 ppm (G: Pafronek 2010, unpublished dam). In.
facifity may require o higher ventilation rate when it properly run shelters, ammonia should be below this
is a► full capacily compared to when it is relalively Ievel even 6e(ore morning cleaning: Dust conlrol
empy, as animals themselves are a mdjor source is Emportant becouse microbes may be tronsmitted
o{ heat, humidiiy and ammonia. Ofhec pollutants by airbome dust (FASS 1999). Airborne dust can
aiso increase with ihe num6er of animals housed, contain a vorfely.of bioactive oerosols, particulorly
Uentilation rates may need to be adjusted seasonally endotoxins, which have prainflammatory effects
and should not be thermostaitontrolled. Systems thai ond a nega►ive impact on lung funcrion (Donhom
circulate air only when fhe lemperature or humidity 2002; Ry►ander 2006, 2007J.
require odjustment do not provide adequate
ventilation throughout fhe yeor. Uenfilation must be 4. LegM
accomplished withoul compromising maintenance FQCilities shouid be designed to offer as much natural
of appropriate temperatures. (ight as possible. When artificial lighi is used,. it
should closely approximate naiural light in both
8ecause canine respiratory palhogens can be easily duration and intensily [CFA 2009; Griffin 2006;
transmiited fhrough the air, isolation areas for dogs New Zealand 1993; Patronek' 2001 J: Enclosu,res
should have separate oir circulation from the rest oF should be positioned, so individuaf animals cnn
the faciliiy (Appei 1972). Seporaie oir exchonge avoid being exposed to excessive amounts of light or
for fe[ine isolotion areas are a lesser priorily as darkness. For ezample, cats on the bwer ievel` of a
cats da not readily aerosolize their pathogens cage slack wouldspend most of their day in shadows
(Gaskell 1982; Wardley 1977). To prevent droplet unleu light fixlures are mounted such Ihat lighf shines
,
transmission of respirotory viruses, however, cat into the lawer level cages (CFA 2009). Cages should
cages focing eoch olher should be spaced more be spoced {nr enough apart to alfaw ombient hgiit
~ ihan 4 feet apari {Gaskell 1977; Povey 1970; to refled o#f the ceiling and floor. Adequate amounts
Wardley 1977). Alfhough adequafe ventilation of darkness are as important as light. light and
to provide good air qualily is essential, inveslment darkness should be provided so that they support the
in enclosures and other ospects of facility design natural (circadian) rhythms af wake(uiness ond sleep.
16
ricilio, DPSigit atul F.nuiwiment
(
Aclequate Iighiing is, also necessary for efFeciiye reduce kiarking can dramatically recluce noise levels The use of
observation oF animals (AAEP 2004). (Grif(in 2009a; Jo{inson 2004). Staff must also be Zd12C1ttet2ded `ilr•op
insiructed to av,oid creating extessive noise during boxes" where live
5. .Sound Contral routine activities (e.p., slamming cqge or kennel anhnals are pkzced
An dpprbptiate acoustic environment is essenliral for dobrs, tossing metal bowis). Nolse-Producio9 by the paa6lic in
good animal kealth and welfare. Noise sliould be equipment should be localed as far dwcxy #rom receptacles for later
' minimized in animal :atcas. Dog and cdt liearing . the animals as possible jHubrecht 2002f. Sound- tnta{ze may restilt
is more sensitive Ihan human heoring sd.it con be atisorbent materials must be durable enough to ZTL a1zz7YlalSZerzng
assumed that noise levels ihat ore uncomfortable 4o permit repeated -cleaning and should either be or derith and
humana are even more uncomf.ortoble for animals.. out of the animal's reach or re.sislani to destruction Sh02LlG1 be 6111o1Gled.
Many eommon feotures of onimal shelters conhibute. (Nubrecht 2002). Shellers should be designed so
to elsvoted noiw levels, including: forced air that cols qre not exposed to the noise of barking
ventilation, 6qrking dogs, non-pocous building dogs (McCobb 2005). In a 31udy of she(ter dogs,
materials, use of_power hoses, rrmetal kennel gofies, visual contact wilh olher dogs improved welfqre and
and metql faod bowls. Excessive noise ebniributes did not incfedse barking (1Nells: 1998); therefore
to adverse behovioral bnd pisysiological responses preventing visual contact should not be used as a
(Spreng 2000). general sirategy ta reduce barking.
Excessive noise fram borking dogs is a particulor Music lias been used ta reduce ontmal sfress in a
welfare zoncern because of both its magnitude. variey of diFfererrt settings (Line 1990; Wells 2002).
' and duration (Sales 1997). Cafs, in Fsorticulai, are Whi(e anecdotal reporls support fhis findirtg, little
adv8rsely affected by the sound af barking dogs dafa exist to recommend its use for shelters. Music
(McCo6b. 2005). Sound leyels in a shelier.con or other sounds as o form of enr~chmeni need to be
exceecJ 100 db, largely due )o barking (Coppo(a conside.red carefully, particularly if animals have no
2006). Sound is measured on a logarithmic scale, way to move away or confrol the;r expasure. Nlarry
so a 90 d6 sound is 1 Q times louder than an 80 onimals, including dogs, are able to. hear frequencies
db sound: Any sound in the 90-120 db ronge above what humans can hear. ThereEore, if music is
can be..felt as well as heard nnd may I.ebd to inrroduced, rddios or o1her sound systems should not
irreversible iiearing loss in humdns. For comparisoti, be placed, direcdy on cages and the volume should
a jackhainmer produces noise in the 110 dki range, nol exceed conversationol levels; In one study
and 6 sukiway troin 95 db. Levels Qf 50-70 db heavy.metal music was shown to intrease barking
ot higher are considLired likely to be. detrimentdl to tind orousal, whereos cfossical music had a calming
Ihe hearing of rodents and rabbits (CCAG 1998). effect (Welts `2002).
(See section ors Public Heahh for informatian on
OCCUpQIfORaI 5aF@{Y.) 6. Drop Boxes •
Although shelters o$en face, ehallenges posed by
Because sound can have o detrimental eEEeet; , limited operating hours 'for public access, Ihe use
interventions fo reducesound in shelters are:importont of unaffended "drop. boxes." where live animals are
(or, animal health and well-being. Archilectural placed by the pviblic in, recepfdcles for later inldke
strategies to minimize the impact of noise (e.g., inay resuIl in gnimol suffering or: deolh and should
arrangement of caging, mateiidls selecfion for be aVoided. Alternatives should be provided (e.g:,
~ cages, cloors, and latchcs) should be implemented drop-off arrangements with police deparfinent or
in facilily clesign or be aclded to an existing fdciliy. vetermary emergenry clinics). lnformotion about
Appropriate architeclural strqtegies combined vvith these, oftemafives should be made iavailoble to the
behdvtor inodificntion or enrichment strat2gies to public.
17
Gtridelines for Standaidr af Gtre in Animal Sl~elter.r {
Population Management
Population . management describes _ an ..activc within avoilable primary enclosures. ($ee section
process of planning, orrgoing doily eValuation, and on Facilities and section on Group Housing for
resppnse to chan.ging conditions as an organizalion informalion on adequate housing.) Ideally, sheHers -
cares for multiple animals. Effecfive populalion should mainfain their populations below maxiri5um
management requires a plon for intentionally housing capaciy to allow far daily inroke as well
manpging each animal$ sheller stoy that tqk.es into as mQre flexibiliy when choosing appropriate
consideraliop the organization's abiliiy to provide endosums for each animal. Mpximurtn housing
care ihai meels Ihe recommendalions oullined in Ihis capoci.ly musl not be exceeded. Even though
clocument. The capocily to provide liumane care enclosures may be avqilable, 1 m.ay. be necessary
depends on the number and condition o.f animals to leove some empy due ro other conslrQinrs
admiited and fheir duration of stay; Ihe size and on capacily far care (e:g., sfaffing Ievels tind.
condifion of the fpciliy; staffing levels and training; opportunifies for enrichmenQ.
and other facfors as well as ihe number oF available
endosures. 1'here are many woys lo maimain a The Nationol Animal Conlrol Association (NACA)
populdtion wifhin an organization s copbciy ior ond, the Humane Sociely of lhe Un'ited Slates (HSUS
core whelher ~n a shelter ot horrie-based rescue 2010) recommend. a minimum of 15 minutes of
orgonizqtion. Active population management is one wre time. per day for feeding ond cleaning each
of the: foundQtions of skelter Qnimol liealth and well- animal housed in the s6lter (9 minutes #or cleaning
being rHurley 20044 and must be based .on an and 6 minutes for feeding) {HSUS 2010..;. NACA
appreciation Ihat capaciiy to provide humone core 2009b). For exomple, if 40 qnimols ore present, a
hos. limifs for every organization, just as il does in minimum of 1 Q hour§ o( care would be required for
privote ho.mes: VNhen a population is not managed basic cq:re (40 animdls @ 15 minutes/animal = 10
within an organization's capdciy for~ care, other hours). Abiliy to provide senrices such as medical
stdndards of care become difficult or impossible to ancl befiovioral evalualion ot tredtmenl, adoption,
maintain. spay/neuter or euthanasia can. be similarly
evaluated 66sed on average time. for service
1. CC9p[9C9Py for Ccse'e (Nlewbury 2000a,, 2009b). Sfaffing or volunteer
Cap6lCtly t0 pY01lZGlC Every sheltering organizotion has a maximum work houts must be sufficient to ensure that ihe basic.
hasmirne care has capaciy, for .core, and Ihe population in Iheir core needs of animafs in the shelter are met each day. .
limlts for every must not exceed thaf level. Factors that determine
oYganization, JtLSt Gopocily (or cace include: the numberof appropriale length of stay has a dramatic effect on the experience
as it does in private housing units; staffing for programs or services; and needs of animals in sheller care. The lype of
homes. staFf training; "average (engih of stay; and the totpl care and enrichrrieni ,provided to shellered animals
number oi reclaims, adoptions, tronsfers, release, or must be oppropriate to th,e length of stay (Patronek
oiher outcomes. Many foclors can alter the capaciy 20b 1 Avetgge or m:edion lengfh oF stay is olso
for care. For exgmple, loss of animal care sfaff, or a key factor contribuling Io the number of animals
malfunctioning enclosures, tan temporarily decreose present in theshelrer each d.ay, which in turn affecfs
the capacity farcare unril such time as new pursons the obilily to provide odequbte care. For example,
ore hired.and appropriately trained, or endosures if an avemge:of S cats per doy enter the shelter
are repoired or 'replaced. Operating beyond an and each stays an averdge.ot 5 days, the averqge
organization's copaciy for care is on unoccepiable doily popularion would be 25 cats. If )he.avera;ge
r proctice. . length ofstoy rises fo 10 doys wifh no change in the
average infake, then the average :daily population
Maximum housing eapaeiy,must be bosed on rhe would double to 50 cafs.
number of animqls who can be adequately housed
18
, Poprdatinn Ibinuagcnicnf
Adequare staffing must be. available to ensure thqt must provide a means of bdloncing admissiQn witfi Eective
each aifical point of serdice (e.g., voccination or ihe ou►comes avoilable ddoption, transfer, popislatioja
medicbl evaludlion, spny/neufier surgery, or a release, retum to awner, euthanasia,. or oihers). managemerit
physical move to adoption) is:delivered prompfily. Increasing the number oE animals housed beyond reGf2ltYCS a pIa1'l
Deldys resulting in even one lo two addifional days the capaciiy Ear icare is on unaccepfabie pracHce: for interztionally
of tare may result in :ccowding and poor vnimal managing eael~
welfore :in faciliees thot operate near moximum Inspection.of all canimols must be performed daily in dsaiiniil's shelter
eopprcily. Expected demond for th.ese cFitic.ol Qrder to rou#iney. evaluate and moniror adequacy stay that ttllza
points of service should be estimated based on the of capaciy and )o identify needs for housing, c6re, into consicteration
expected numbers of onimals Fivho wiq .need edch or seryice (CFA 2009; New Zepland 1993), the oYgcZS2i.ZlltlOlZS •
serv~ce and ihe len,gth of. time i1 takes to complete Appropriate interventions must be made before aGility to provide
each procedure (e:g., numEier of animafs needing animal numbers exceed the copociiy for tare.aocl crzre.
evciludfiion or~spay neuter surgery p(orfo adoprion). housing. Waiting to respond unlil ccipociiy has been
Operating beyvnd capqcily for care will resull in exceeded resuks in animal sufEeting.
utiwonted outcorries ineluding: delays or foilure
to provide necessary eare; use o( subsiandarcl 3. Monitoring S$atistical Datea
housing; increases in staff and a.nimal slress; Moniloring population statisties over time is a haphazard mixing of. onimals;. increosed risk of necessary cQmponent of a population management
inFectious disease exposure; and increoseS- in plvn, At minimum, :stotisfics musf include monthly
rregative interactions befween animals (Hurley intake (e.g.; slroy, ownec surrendered) and outcomes
~ 200$b; Newbury 2009a, 2009b). Opeiqting by yPe (e:g., adoptian, euthanasia, relumed to
b.eyond copacily for care creates Q vicious c,ycle; owr+er) fot .each s.pecies, fQr :o.ptimal populption
services required for moving animols tCirough Ihe. monagement brid monitoring,, on animal census
rystem ore deloyed. These delays prolong aver.age (anitnal iriventory) sh.ould Lze tdken, evalucated, and
lengths of stay for animals, leading to incredsed reconciled with recoids daily to ensure accurocy of
doily population. This fuither taxes the organizdtion`s doto collection os well as facilitote evaluotion of
capaciiy forcare, vrorsens.conditions, ond thte6tens capc+c'ity. Ideally; population stafistics should also
animal well•being tNewbury 2009d, 20094 include an evalunfion by uge group, heolth oncl
Once a shelter hos exceeded its capacily for care behavior sfalus af infake as well as ai oulebme.
it is rio longer possible to ensure fihe Five Freedoms. Mote cletailed dato mbnibring such 'as Iracking Qperating beyolZd
incidence of disease at intake. (preexisting) ond an o;ganizrttion's
2. P9'Ot040I5 f09' .AftQOntp98'9iP1g during shelter.stay'(from previous exposure orshelter Cldpl.LCZtyor crtre
Adequa$e Capaeaty #or Care acquired) is a besr prae+ice: is an unacceptable
Shelters must have policies and protocols to maintoin p1'ttCl'1Ce.
adequate capaciy for care pnd housing: P4licies .
t
19
Gu.ideli»esfor Stetnc(~uzls of C'~rre iu Artr»ral Sbelterr
. Sanitation Good sdnitation is ari integrol part of humane the produeis or praclices. Uery often, even thougk
animal housing. Proper cleoning and disinfection proiocols appLiar Udeqiiafe, cht5nges im :prdctices
practices help reduce the transmission of infedious (e.g., inaccurate dilufion of disirtFecrants or chonges
diseases to both animals ond people, and result in in day-td-doy cleaning proctices) have conlributecl Io
a cleoner and healihier environment (Chwry 2004; outbreaks (Pefersen 2008). 5anitafion protocols must
Hoff 19.$5; lawler 2006; Weese 2002). A clean be reyised as needed during fln outbreak.to address
shelter aiso has the added benefits of increasing specific pathogens.
the comfort level of the anima,is and presenting a
p.ositive image'of the, shelter io the public. Protocols cYf Sdnitatipn Procedures
#or proper sonitafion are essential for arry sheltering An assessment of fhe fdcility, animal population;
prograrim. Rroviding educ6lion and trdining a"s well training, equipment and procedures lo be employed
a.s ensuring complibnce with those protocols is also must be cohsidered when developing sanitqtlon
essentiaL protocols. Icleally, sanitation pro,tocols should kie
devefoped and periodically reviewed in consultalion
1. COeae9ielg ant4 Disinfet$oo99 with a veterinarian experienced in shelter medisine.
Physical cleaning is definecl ds ihe removal.of urine, While information about shelfier sanita,tion may be
fecal mafiler, and olher organic malerial from the extrapolated from marry sources, protocols must.be.
environment (Gilmpn.2004; Smith 2005)..Cleoning based on current knowledge ond:recqmmend.ations
should res.ull in a yisibly clean surface, but mcry not ,d.eveloped specifically for animal shelters, and must
remove all of the harmful palhogens_ Disinfeclion is include sPecific methods and. agents for achieving
~ the process fhat will kill most of the contaminants the gQals of both clevning and disinfection. An
in a given are.a (Gilmon 2004y. Sanitation, for increasing number of re~ources eKist proyiding
the purposes of rhis doc,menr, is cleRned' as the guideliries toilored to the shelter environment
comliination of cleaniog and disinfection, dncl is (Dvorak 2009; Miller 2004b; Peterson 2008; , UC
a requirement for all shelters qnd rescue homes. Davis 2009).
Sterilization is the desiruction of all microbes,
including spores, and is generally reserved for Enough staff mus► be assigned to complete sanitaiion
surgical instrume.nts, surgical gfoves, ond other tosks promptly each day so thbt animols spehd the
equipmenf necessary for sterile procedures. True majority af their time in sanilary conditioris. As an
. sterilization of eage and kennel surEaces cloes not example, out of the total of 15 minutes recommended
occor in a shslter (Gilman 2004). per animal {or daily husbondry, PIACA bnd HSUS
guidelines recommend a minimum of 9 ini.nulss per
1Nhether or not infectious disease occurs is dependent animal per day for routine cleaning. Thvs 40 dogs
on several factors: the host (exposed animal), the @ 9 minutes/dog =.360 minutes. This tolal time:of
virulence of the pathogen, the amount of the pathogen 360 minutes (6 hrs) would qllow sufficient time For
present, and the durarion of exposure (lawler 2006). a 10-minule disinfectant contact fi,me in each kennel
Enough staff must Infeclious dose defines a threshold amount of a because other activiries or tqsks. {e.g., cleoning
be assignecl to paihogen required fo cduse infection and diseose. By other kennels, laundry) can be occomplished while
C0mpIetE 31132ttlltt012 . cleaning and using disinfectarns properly, the.number 1he:disinfectant sits.
trtsks prori?ptly each of paihogens in the environmenl is decreased, ddy s0 tllat cttllYiZals redueing the dose delivered if an animal is exposed. Selection of proper cleaning and disinfectant
~ sperzd the mr.tjority Sonitizing with the proper *uency decrsQSes products is essentiaf. Detergents and :degreosers
oftheir time in the durafion of exposure. In t6e.event of o disease must be used as needed to maintain clean surlaces
sanitary conditions. outbreok, sanitation prorocols and practices :should free of visible dirt and debris. Disinfecrants must be
be reviewed ro delermine iF there are problems wilh chosen thaf will be effedive under the conditions
20
.Sm~il~tinri
present in; a given environment (e.g., presence of cleaning of surfaces, with tr detergent or de.greaser,
orgonic mqtted, ond with demonstrote.d dctiviy appfic.akion of a disin(ectont ot the correct .
dgainst tlie pathogens for which ►he animals tire concenhation and ~for sufficient tirrie, rinsing, dnd
at risk (Etrepi 2008). Unemreloped viruses such ds dry'ing. When woter or cleaning and disinFecting
parvovirus, pQnleukopenid, and feline calicivirus producls will ba sprayed in nr near the area af
are of particular coneem, but ather disin(ectian- the primary enclosure, animals must be removed
resistant ogents such as toccidio and Microspotum (rom Ihe cage or kennel, or. :separated from the
canis may:also be .problematic, Some disinfectants a(ea being cleaned by guillotine doors tcz prevent.
hays been shawn by independent studies nat sp[qtter, soaking of the animals and sfress. It is qn
to be effective aga(nst thess durQble pothoge.ns ..unacceplable practite )o sprcry down kennels or
(e.g., quqternary ammonium compounds (jgainsl cages while animals are inside them.
unenveloped viruses), in spite oF EPA-approved
iabelmg by manufocturers (Eleraky 2002• Kennedy Animals who are fioused lang•term in the same
1995; Moriello 2004; Scotr 1980). Products 'that enclosure require less frequ.ent disinfection of th2ir
have nol been independently volidoted ngainst enclosure, but daiiy cleaning is °still essential to
unenveloped viruses dnd other pathogens of mainlain sonitary condilions. in many instances,
concern should not be used as ►he sole disinfecronr. cages and kennels can 6e cleaned using ihe "spot
cleaning" metbod, where ihe animal remains in its
The faEiliiy should be cleaned in •order of animal coge while the cage is tidied, and sailed materials;
:susceptibiliy fo :disease and poten.tial risk to urine and feces are removed. SpoF clenning may be
i
the generQl population;, slarting +ivith the most less.stressful for the qnimal as it requires less artimal
suscepiible animals and ending with thase. who handling and dces not remove fomiliar, . scen[s
carey . the highest risk of transmitting infect'rous (Patronek 2001). Doily cleaning, is also necessary in
disease. 5eparote cleaning supplies sh4uld be cage free housing and home environmenis.
designated for .each areo. Approptiaie proiectiye •
clothing (gloves, gowns, ancl/or boots), should be Improper cleaning may increase pathogen
usecl in eoch area,.pnd removed 6efore proceeding fransmission (Curtis 2004). Practices iha.l trock
to c6re for other animals in the population_ (See pothagens from one enclosure fo another put animals
sectian on Public Health for recommendations on at risk: Mopping should'' be avoided iF possible:
personal pcotecfive equipment.) Failure fo (ollow a When mopping cannot be avoided (e.g., when
specified order of cleaning may result in .suseeptible hosing is riot possible) a' disinfectant with good
poPulotions - being exposed to disease (Gilman activiy fn the presence aE organic matter must be
2004; Smith 2005). used, and contominoted mop water should not be
usesl irom one housing aiea to anothe.r. Acceptable
in general, Ihe order of cleaning ar►d care, from firsf sanitation c<}nnof be accornplished using water
-to lasi, shou)d be: alone, nor using only a d'isinfectp.nt (e;g., bleach)
with no detergent properties. Gare should be; taken
1) hedllhy puppies and kitfens ond heaflhy when mixing cleaning products as the resulting
nursrng bitches and queens;. mixlure co.uld be ineffeclive or even tosci.c. Alternalive
21 heallhy adult animbls; method's of disinfection such os u,ltraviolet (UV) light
31unheolt()y animals. or reliance on freezing during cold weoiher ore nol
, sufficient focsanitation in shelters or rescue facilities.
,
Thorough sanitation of ptimary enclosures before a
new animal enlers is essentiaL Sanilat'ion protor.ols - Improper housing.an.d poorEaciliy design can ulso
must include removal of gross organic maiter, pte- soMribute to'.pafhogen transmission. Housing_ far
21
Grridrliiiu for Stnndanzls of C'air in /]nimal Shrlters
~
SpYll1/Z72g do2U71 recenfly odmitted or ill pnimals qnd thQSe who are and kiftens ond newly admitted animals. Garmenls
kennelr or cages younger ihan 20 weeks o.f age, should be designed musl be changed afler hondling on onimol with a
iuhile animals lo permit cieaning withoul extensiye. fiandling of diagnosed or suspecfed serious illness SUCII QS
are inside them is ihe animal or iemoval ro an area that has not been parvovirus.
an unacceptable sqnitized (e.g., double-sided oi compartmentdlized
pYaCttCe. housirig), Animol housing areas should be designed All equipmenl 1ho1 comes in Contact with animals
to withsiand spraying of water and cleaning fluids; (e.g.; muziles; medical rand anesthetic equipmeni,
adequate. drainage is essentiaL (5ee section on humone hops, gloves, foys, corriers, litterboxes,
Facilities for informafion on oppropriate shelter Food bowls, k5edding) utcluding cleaning supplies
design to support cleaning and disinfecfion.) should be eiiher readily disin#ected or discarded
aher use with a single animal. Items that cannot
6) Fom►te Control be: rea.dily disinfected, such gs leather gloves
A fomite is- an:objecfi ihdt may be contaminated wifh and muzzles, represent .a risk ro animals. Theit
pathogens and cornribute to Iransmission oE disease. use should be avoided especially fcrr dnimals
i'he human body and cbthing may serye as (omiles. who appear ill ancJ during diseose outbteoks. For
As oppbrenlly heaNhy animols as well'as Ihose. who exomple., ringwo,rm hos been cultuied frdm leather
are obviously. ilf may be shedding pathogens, ony animol handling gloves in shelter seffings. Mobile
complete sonitdtion protocol must address proper equiprrientsuckas rolling traskcans, shopping carts,
hygiene of shelter stoff, volunteers; and visitors, and food ot trectment carts (including their wheels)
including signage, supervision, and harid sanitation. may also serve as fo.mites and should'be sanitized
~ accordingly. Scratched and porous suefaces are
Adequate hand, sanitation is one of Ihe besl ways difficull or impossible to completely disinfecfi and
lo prevenl disease transmission and should be should be used wilh caution or d.iscarded;(e.g.,
required before and ofier handlino onimols and plastic lifterpdns, airline carriers, plastic and
fomites. Hand sanitation is achieved through hbnd unglazed cerqmic water bowls). Transport cages
washing, use of hand sanitizers, and proper use and fraps, as well ps vehicle compartmen,t_s' used for
of gloves. Sinks should be available in a11 onimal animal transport must be thor.oughly disinfected after
housing and food preparatiort areas, nnd must be each use.
equipped with soap and disposable paper towels.
Hand sanitizer dispensers 3hould be provided in all All clothing and bedding used at ihe sholter must
animal handling oreos. It should be noted thai hand be laundered and thoroughly dried be#ore reuse.
snnifizers ate ineFfective againsl some of Ihe mosl Organic debris feces) should be removed from
dangerous patho jens found in shelter seHings (e.g., articles 6efore laundering. Articles ihot are keavily
parvovinises, coliciviruses) and cannol be relied on soiled should be laundered separately or discarded. .
as Ihe sole meons of hand sonitation. Hand sanitizers Bedding and other materials heavily contaminated
should be used only on hands that appear clean with durable pathogens such as parvoviruses sh.ould
(Boyce 2002) and should c.ontain at leqst 60% be discarded ralher thpn risk furfher spread of
olcohol. Clplhing, even if visibly cipan, may still carry diseose (Pelerson 2,008).
pothogens_ Prolective garmenis (e.g., gowns, gloves,
and boots ot shoe covers) should be wam during Food and watet bowls s,hould be kept clean dnd
cleaning or olfier iniensive animal-handling activities must be disinfected prior ta use by a diiferent
(such os ireatmeni of sick animals oreu►hanasio) and animaL Automatic wafering devices and woter
changed beFo(e going on with olher activities of the bolfles should not be used if they cannot be
doy. Fresh ptotective garmenfs should be wom when disinfected before being used by another animal.
handling vulnerable populotions; including puppies Use of commercidl dishwasliers is an -excellent
22
Sanitatlnn
way io thoroughly clean food or,d waier bowis 2e Glther Cleaning
(Gi(man 2004; Lawler 2006). The mechanical Outdoor areas around tlie shelter musf be kept
washing action and liigh temperatures ottained in clean, recognizing it is impossible to disinfect
dishwoshers wifl destroy fhe mojorify of Pothogens gravel, dirl, ana gross sur(oces. Access fo areos
bur may rtot desiroy unenveloped viruses such thot cannot be dlsinfected should be restricred to
as parvwiruses. If these viruses are a problem o onimals who appear healthy, have been vaccinoted
disinfectant should be applied io the dishes before ond dewormed, and are 5 monfhs or older. Ideally,
orafter going through the dishwasher. When dishes feces should be removed immedialely from ouldoor
; are sonitized by hand, ihey must be Ihoroughly oreas, but a► minirnum must be removed at.}east
. washed and rinsed prior to disinfection. Ideuily, doily. Standing water should not be ollawed to
food and water receptacles should be cleaned in an accumulaie in areas around the shelter because
orea separate from IiBer boxes or other items soiled mony paihogens thrive and mosquilces breed
by feces. ,4t minimum, filterpons ond dishes must not readily in these moist environments.
- be cfeanecl at lhe, same iime in Ihe same. sink, and
the,s'ink should _ be thoroughly disinfected between Foster homes are on integrnl parl o( many shelter
uses.. programs. Comple#e disinfection of o private
home is impossible: All foster caregivers should be
Fooi fraffic also plays a roie in fomire rransmission. rrained to minimize contaminafion of their homes
Certain . areas of the she[ter, like isolation ond by cor►fining newfy arrived foster animals or ihose
quaranfine areos, shoufd be restricfed io a smafl showing signs of illness in oreas thar can be readily
~
numbec of shefter siaff. Transpori of sick animals disiniected.
throughout ihe shelrer, especiolly from iniake areas
. to holding or euthanasia areas, should be planned 3. RocBent/Pesf: Control
to minimize spread of disease. Floors, as wefl as Marry rodents and insects harbor bacteria and other
other surfaces le.g., tabfes, and counfertops), pathogens that can contaminate food products,
should be, immediately sanitized aher contacf with resufting in food spoiiage or direct transm'rssion of
urine, feces, vomif, or animals known or. suspected disease to the onimols (Urban 1998). Areas of food
to have infectious disease. sbrage are particularly vulnerable lo infestalion. All
, food should be kepi in sealed bins or containers
Foof6aths are inadequate to prevenl infeclious lhof are imperviaus ro rodents and insects (New
disease spreod and -should not be relied on Zealand 1993). Food should be removetl (rom
for this ' purpose. Foorly maintained footboihs runs at night if rodeNs and insects are present. If a
, may eyen. contribute to the spread, of disease. sheher is experiencing o problem,' solu6ons musi be
Achieving adequate contact time (e.g., 10 minute's} humane, safe, and effective. •
is impractical, and footbaths require frequenl •
maintenance. because the presence of orgonic ' .
debris inactivotes many disinfectants. Dedicated, °
boots_ihai can be disinfscled or disposoble shoe
covers are more , effective and should be used
in contaminated areas [Morfey 2005; Stockton
2006). It is unacceptoble for animals to walk
; through Fooibaths. ,
• 23
Gstidelinct for S►njrdmds of Gtre in Airrnfrrl S17eltc; f
Medical Health and Physical Well-being
~
Heahh is nat merely the absence o€ diseose or C.omprehensive shelter medical progrpms ihat begin
injury but is, olso, closely tied tq an onimql's physicql on inlake and continue throughout eocH animol's_
and mental well-6eing (Hutnik 198$]. Proper shelter stay are the foundation oF a sheltet housing
medical mandgement and health care For shelter a population of increasingly hea6hy animols (AAHA
animals is an 6bsoiute. necessiy and musf incfude 2006•" CFA 2009; FASS 1999; (iriffin 2009d;
aliention to overa.ll wi!4being. 1i is commonly larson 2009; Miller 2004a; New Zealdnd 199$).
occepied that animal shelters have a responsibiliy Decline of animal hedlth .and wel(d.re ofter intalce;
` to provide for the heahh iind welEare of all nnimirls sick or injured animo(s languishing wthout proper
who enter their care. Unfortunately, compromised treatment; w'ide scale disease oulbceaks; animols
onimo( heollh and welFare hcive been clocumented dying a:s a result oF shelteracquired disease or
in animal shellers, ond without proper ptecoutions injury; and frequent zoonofic diseose transmission
sfielters c.an experience severe disease outbreqks in the shelter are indicQfiois of o poor heallhcare.
,
resulting in widescale de.ath and/.or euthariasia. program f FAS.S' 1999)_ '(See section on Physical
Animals often arrive at shelters already experiencing Health and Well-beingr for informofion concerning
health challenges, ond even heolthy dnimals expeoed mortaliy rates:) enterirtg new, expertly.designecl facilities moy hove their welfare compromised, or risk becoming ill 1. Ve$erencary Relataorashap ansl •
without'a functional medical heallhcare program.. ReCOrdkeepong
Without proper medicol ciare, shefter animals can Alf health care practices ond protocols should lie
suffet and die unnece3sarily (HSUS 2007; King develop'erJ in consulta(ion +xith d.veterinarian;
~
County Animal Services Report). ideally one familiar with shelter niedicine. A formal
relalionship with a velerinarian should be in plnce to
Shelter medico) progrdms must indude veferinary ensure that those re3ponsible for daily animal heolih
supervision (see Glo,ssqry for definifiion) and '!he care have the necessary supervision and guidance.
, participation of Ir.ained slaff lo provide evaluafion, The best way to ensure ihat health care p'ractices are
prevenfive care., diagnosis _and treafinent (ASV in keeping with professionally accepted standards is
pnsition stptement on `veterinary;_ supervision in to implement written standa(d operoting procedures
animpl shelters): Dise6se prevention "should be (S(3Ps).
a'priorily, but npprop~iate treatment must also be
provided in 6 timely fashion. Preventive hedlthcare Medicotions and treotinenFs must only be
that is appropriate for each species should include odministered under the advice .ar in dccordance
. 'protocols th'at strengthen.resistonce to diseo3e and wilh written prolocols provided by a veterinarian,
minimize' exposure to pathogeris (Fowler 1993). and bll drugs must be.dispensecl in oecordance with
Training and continuing education fb'r those who federol and slate regulafions.
carty oui the protoeols musP be provided. .Ensuring
complionce with protocols should be a part of Aceurate medical ceeords are essential. Whenever
program management. possible a medical ond behwiorsal history should
be obtained from owner.s wha celinquish anlmals
Shelter healthcare qrotocols should suppori individuol fo. Ihe shelter: Shelters must document all medicdl
. qnimals regqining ond maiNaining a slate of care render,ed to eoch animal. fde611y, tgcords
physicol hqalth and are essenkiql for main►aining an should include each 7animdl's dale of 'en.try,
i overall hedhhy populafion by reducing the frequency source; identification information, ca dafied (ist of
and sevetily of disease. Individupl anima) welfore all diagnostic tests including test resulls, treqfinents
musl be mainfained wilhin the bolonce of decisions {including qny medicalions with drug dose and '
and practices fhat support the overall popufotion. route of admirtistration) and procedures, and
24
Nledic.r! Ftcrrldz aut( Phyriurl lt%ll-G'ciug
.i
immuniiqlions while in ihe core of the shelter. All pnpulafion. Starting #rom the time of intdke and A12.imaLs tYl.2[St be
medicai in(ormaiion should be proVided in wriBen conlinuing ihroughout Iheir stay, healthy animols 1JCLCCZ71l1teGl 4l; OY
form with the animol at the time oE tronsfet or shoulcl not be housed or hondlecl wiih animals who pi"t0Y t0, 1t1tt1ke
adopJiort, have signs o# illness. (See section on Behavioral ZUZtb COY'e ?lCLCCZYICS.
,
HeoUh dnd Vt/ell-being far more information on
2. Consic$emations on intake intake procedures.)
Eoch animoi's individual healih stalua shauld be evalualed and monitored 6eginnin!g at intake, and 3. Vf8tC111CifOQfES
regularly Ihereafter (AAEP 2004; UC Davis 2009). Vaccines are vital lifesaving tools that must be. used
Thi$ qllows any problems or changes that develop as pari of o preventiye shelter heqlthcare progrom.
during an animal's shelter stoy to be recognized, Vaccination protocols used for inaividual pels in
disfinguished. from pre-existing conditions, and homespre nor ad.equa,te in most population settings.
dddressed. Strategies must be speciFicdlly tdibred for shel►ers
because of the higher likelihood of exposure to
A medicol'hisiory, iE ava.ilable, sliould be.dbi'ained infectious disease, the likeliliood that many onimals
from Ihe owner at the time of surrender. Airy available sntering the shelter ate not immune (Fischer 2007)
information should 6e solicited when stray onimais arrd the potentially (ife-threatening consequences..of
are iinpounded as well. Ideolly, dhis informafiion in#eetion. Some vaccinea prevenl infecfion whereas
should be o6iained by interview, aNhough writlen olhers lessen the severity oF clinical signs (Peterson
quostionnaires are ptceptable. Each onima( skould 2008). Panels of experts.: (AAFP 2006; AAHA
' receive a heollh evaluqtion at intake to.check for 2006) ogree thal pcotocols must be cusiomized for
signs of infectious disease and/or -problems ih.at ectch faciliy, recognizing thgt no universal protocol
re9uite immediate attention tUC Davis 2009J. Intake vyill apply to every shelter situdtion.
evaluolions should be documented in the medicol
recorcl, Eve.ryattempt should 6.e made to locate, GuicJing principles for core vaccination in shelters,
an animal's owneir, including cgre(ul screening for thqt afe genecally applic.abfe to.most shelters, are
identification and microchips at the time'of intake: avoiloble (AAFP 2009; AANA 2006), Within this
Infiake heall.h evaluation shouid therefore include framework, specific v6ccinafion pptocols should be
scan.ning multiple times for a microchip using a tailored for eoch program with Ihe supervision oF
universat scannec Research. tias shown that the a veterinarian, taking into considerdtion risks and
(ikelihoad of detecfing mitrochips increases with benefits .of the vetccines, diseases endemic to the
repeating the scon procedure muliiple fimes (Lord area; potential Forexposure, and available resou(ces
2008). .(See subsections below for inFormafion on (Miller & Hurley 2004; Miller & Zawisiowski 2004)
vaccinotion and othec intoke treatments.)
Bewuse risk oE clisease exposure is often high in
_parntian oF qnimals eniering shelters is essential shellers, animals rriust be v6cein❑.Ied at or prior
Sip
for proper mqinfenance of he.qNh and welfare: to intake with core vaccines:,Pregnqnry qnd mild
B.eginni.ng at intake, animals should be separgted illness ate not c.Qnfraindicgtions to cidministeting
by species and age as well os 6y their p.hysicpl:and_ core vaccines in most shelter_setlings because the
beha4ioral health stpfius. Young dnimals (puiPpies: risk ftom virulent Pathogens in an unvoccinated
and kiitens under 20 weeks [5 monihs] of qge) anim6l would be fpr grealer thdn Ihe rololively bw
~ are more suscepfible io d.isease and so should r,isk of problems posed by vaccinarion (AAFP 2009;
be,provided -with greoter proleclion from possilile AAI-IEti 2006; latsorS 2009). :Core vaccirtes for
exposure, which can be rnore eosily accomplished shelters currenlly :inalude feline viral rhinolrocheitis,
when they are separated from Ihe general calicivirus, ponleukopenib (FVRCP) for tcits (AAFP
25
Gidcleli»cs fi» • Srandmzls of Cair ilr Anirnal Shclrers
~
An emergency 2009J qnd distemper, hepatitis, parainflvenza, and 4. Eovtet'gency Meditttl9 Ccsr'e,
Yl2eF.LrtC![lplitYt 772ust canine parvovirus (DHPP)/distemper, adenovirus 2, An emergency medital plarr must be in place b:
be an place to pdrvovirus; and pdrainfluenzo virus (DA2PP) and provide oppropriote.and tim.ely vete.rinary medical
provide appropriate 8ordetello bronchisep►ica for dogs (AAHA 2006). care for ony animal who is injured, in distress, ot
, 6t12L1 ti172e y The use of modified live virus vaccines (IvIN) fs showing signs of significant illness (AAEP 2004;
veterinary Medical stcongly recommended over killed products for core CFA 2009; CVMA 2009; FASS 1999). Staff
CaYe for any aninzal shelter vaccines in cats and dogs, including those should be trained to recognize conditions that
who zs injaired, ZYZ that die pregnont, because fhey provide: a foster require emergency core. The emergeney care
Gl1St7'eSS, or,showing immune response. plon must ensure thdt animais con receive propet
SZg12S Of S6giZlf'lCClrit veterinary medical cOte ancl p"ain management
illness. Rabies vaccin(ifion on intake is nofi considered a promptly(either on site or through.transfer ►o anolher
priarity in mosl shelters, as the risk-of ezposure 1o this fdcility) o.r be humanely euthan.ized by quallfied
dissase is not h-tgh within rriost shelter erivironments. personnel as petmitted by law:
However, onimals shoufd be vaccinated against
rdbies when n longterm stay is anticipated; wiren 5. Pqire MqrlteOemeel$ "
risk of exposure is elevated; or when mandated by 5helters often care for nnimals with acute or
law. At minimum, animdls should be vaccinaled for chronicaly painful medical cond'itions. The American
robies a1 orshorllyfollowing release: College oE lleterinqry Anesthe.siologists.(AC1/A)
defines pain as q complex phenomenon involving
Shel►ers that house animals for extended periods of pathophysiolpgital and psychological components
' time have :an obligation to.ensure thor vaccinations fhaf are frequenfly cliificulf b recognize and interpref
are rQpeated in accordance with shelrer medicine in animals (ACVA 2006). Pain must be recognized
recommendations (AAFP' 2006; AAHA 2006). and treated to Qlleviafe suffering. Unrelieved pain
Revaccinalion is recommended Eor puppies. and can result in chronic physical manifestotions such a"s
kitfens until matema( antibody wdnes. Puppie's and weigh# loss, muscle bieakdqwn, increosed blood
kiilens must be re-vaccinated (DHRP .qnd FVRCP, pressure; and a prolonged recovery from illness or
respec(ivefy) aI 2-3-week intervals for ihe clumtibn injury (Robertson 2002). Early poin management
of their shelrer stay or until tfiey are over 18=20 is essential. Failure to provide treatment for pain is
" weeks old. unocceptdble.
Shelters ihat do not vaccinate wiih core vaccines Recognizing ond alleviqting pain in a wide variely
immediatsly 6n ent .ry, ar do not vaccinate al) of species can.be complex and difficulf (Paul-Murph.y
animals, are muefi more likely to experience deadly 2004). Individua) animals have varying teoctions to
outbreaks of wccine preventable disease (larson sfimuli anc) may monifest o variefy of clinical and
2009). Protocols {or manoging odverse.reaclions behwiobl signs (ACVA 2006). Although ihere
must .b,e provided by a veterirtarian ond. required are mulfiple scales and seoring sysrems pubUshed
ireqtments musY be accessible. Training pn ,proper for gouging:a.nimal pain, few have been validated
vaccine sfi.otoge and administration, and tteaiing and there is no accepted gold standard s.ystem for
reactions, should be supervised by a vetermaria.n, assessing pain in ianimals (IVAPM 2005): However,
Tfie location for injection of a spec.ific 'vaccine if is generally assumed thdt if a procedure is painful
(i.e„ rabies in the iight teat leg) should iollow in human 6eings then 'it must also be painful in
odministrqtion site guidelines (AAFP 2006; AAHA animals (ACVA 2006; APHIS 1997b). It is Ihe
2006). Retords of any immunizotions pravided shelter's tesponsibilily to combine findings from
while in the care of the shelter shou.ld be kept: physicol examinafion; fqmifiorily with species and
breed, lndlviduol behavio, ond knowle~c~e Qf the
26
Mcdical. Hen/tli aitrl P/~ysimtf tll/cll GcriiQ
r degree oE:poin associated with particular surgicai many parasite eggs are very difficult to erdclicqfe Medical roulzds
procedures, injuries ondJor illnesses in order to from the ertvironment, piompt eemoval of feces, micst'be colr..diccted
dssess pain. prbper sanitation, and treatment as descri6ed abave dt least cldily by a
are important steps lo help ensure ihai individual; hdined iyldividual
Pharmaeologic and non-pharmacologic approaches environmental, or population levei pQrasifism daes Zn OYdet" t0 v'tSZlally
lo the treolment af pain are evolving; in eiiher case, not threaten the heo(ih .of animals or humans. 0bse1'tle a11d
treolment should be supervised. by avete(inaCi4n. monitor the health
An.algesia musf be of an nppropriate strength and 7. iVioni$or6ng and Dasiy Rounds and well-beiTZg of
clurotion fo relieve poin. Non-phormaco(ogie Rounds mUst be conducted at least once e4ery 24 every rtninaal..
massage, physical iherapyy approaches fhat 'help hours by a trbined individual in order to visublly
increase comfort and alleviate anxiey can be used observe and monitor the health and well-being of
to supplerrient pharmacologic interventions. When every animal. Monitorin,g shouid. include food and
pain can be anticipafed, analgesia should be water consumption, urination, defecation, attitude,
provided beforehand (pre-,-_mpiive). Artimafs must behovior, ambulotion., ond signs.of illness or nther
be reassessed:periodically fio provide ongoing pain problems (CFA 2009; New Zealond 2007; llC
relief as needed. When adequate relief cannot be Ravis 2009). Monitoring should #ake plcice before
achieved, Ironsfer fo o faciliy khat can meet ihe. cleaning so ihat Eood intake and condition of ihe
onima.l's needs, or humane euihanasia. must be; enclosure .as well as any feces,.urine, or vomit can
provided. . be nated.. For animgls housed in groups, monitoring
should ol.so take plgce during (eeding time, so
-
' fe. Pa9'dSafiE: Cm+fitt'oI fhat appefite .(food intake) or conflicts aro.und food
Mony a.niinols entering shelters oie infected wilh moy be observed. Arry animal that is observed to
internal and exteirnal pdrasites (Bowman 2009). • be experiencing pain; suffering or dislress; rapidly
Though nol always clinically oppqrent, porcrsites deteriorating fiealth; life-threatening problems;
can be easil.yirdnsmittecl,_rause significant disease or suspert zoonotic medical conditions must be
and suffering, persist in the environment, and assessecf and appropriately m.onaged in o timely
pose a risk to public heallh (CAPC 2008; CDC manner (AAEP 2004; CDA 2009; CFA 2009;
2009). 5helters hdve a rsspansibiliy to reduEe risk New Zeoldnd 2007).
of parasite traRSmission -to humans and animals.
An effective parasite controi progrom should be When apparently heallhy animals remain in cace
designed with the supervision of a veter+narian. for bnger thpn 1 month, exama including wei,ght
Animals should receive, firealmipnt for infierrtol and and body condition score should be perFormed
external pQrasites comm.on to the re:gion and fot and rec.arded by troined 4toff on at least a:monfhly
gny obvious detriment4l porasife infection;they are basis. Uelerinaryexaminotions should be performed
ha'rboring. Trecrtment and prevention schedules iwice each year or more kequently if problems
should be guided _by .parasite IiFecycl,es and are identified. Geria.hic, ill, or debilitated animals
survei.llance testing to identify inlernal and edernal , should be evaluated by a veterinarian os needed for
paPasites thdt mdy be prevalent in 1he populalion, pppropriate cosemonagemenl:
IdeaOy, qnimals should receive pqrasite prevention
. on entry and regularly thtou~hout Iheir shelter There are many eacamples o# heallh conditions
s►ay to prevent enyironmental conlamindtion and that require ongoing assessmeni and manageinent
i minimize risk io people in the shelter. At minimum,, including, but not limiled to, dental condilions,
becQUSe of the pub(ic health significcrnce, al) dogs retroviraf infecrions, ehdocrirte imbalarstes, and
and ccrts must be de-vvormed for rowndworms and basicappeiite/weight changes.lnadditian, animols
hookworms 'before leaving the shelter. Because must be provided wilh dppropriate grooming
27
Gttidelines for Stnndrtizls of Crrre in Airiinal Sfirlters
~
and/or opportunifiies fo exhibif spedes-specific At minimum, heal(hy ndult dogs and cats (aver
behaviors necessary for them to mainta'in :normal 6 months old) must be fed at least once per day
heallhy skin and haircoot .or feprhers (CDA 2.009; (CDA 2009; CFA 2009). Ideolly, dogs should be
CFA 2009; New Zealand 1998.). Diry, ungroomed (ed fwice. daily (New Zeoland 1998); cats should
or malted :hai.rcoats are uncomfortable, predispose ideally be fed mulliple smal,l meals or encouraged
animols to skin diseqse, and in extreme. cpses can to foroge th.roughout Ihe day (Vogt 2010~. If food
lead to seyere suffering. Appropriqte grooming is no1 ovailoble to cots oll day, ot minimum, they
and/or bolhing is an essential component of dnimdl should be ofFered food iwice daily. Healllry puppies
health'6nd should never be considered cosmefic or ond k[trens must be fed small dmounts freguently
optional. or hove food constantly available through the day
(free-choice) fo suppprt higlier metabalic rqtes an:d
NU$CItiOn help prevent life-dxeafenfng fluctuafions in their
Food that is Fresh, clean water and prmRer Food are basic biood glucose levels (hypoglycemio). Debilitated,
consistent with the nutriiional requiremenls for physical heallh. Fresh; underweight, pregnant; and lactatirtg animdls "
1Zttt9•itional needs cl,ean water must be nccessi6le ro animals Qf all . should receive more: Frequent feedings fio support
uiid health stutus times unless fhete is a medical reason for woter to inereas,ed metabolic needs: Vet.erina.ry input should
of thB tYldtutd2[!1l be withheld for a prescribed period of fime. Water be sought when developing a feeding profiocol fpr
anzmal naac.st should be changed daily and whenever it is visibly o populotion of animals, or when 'treating slorved
be provided. soiled, Food thaf is consisient-wiih the nutritional animals or individuols with unique nutritionbl and
needs and healih stalus of ihe individudl animal health needs.
musl also be piovided.• Tfie amount and frequenty
oF feeding varies depending on life stage, 'species, Food intake musi'be monitored daily. Animals should
size, acriviy (evel, healih stalus of the animal and ihe be:weighed artd body condi►Ion assessed routinely. '
particular diel chasen. Food must be fresh, palatable, Animols hbve highly vbriable met6bo(ic requirements
free from contamination and of sufficienF nuhitional (lewis 1987). Each :animal shoulcl be'fed. to meet
value to mset the normal daily reguirements ►o flllow individuol needs ond prevent excessive gain or loss
an anima( to attain maximum development, maintain of body weight..Artimals clisplaying inappetence; or
normal body weight, and rear healthy of(spring. Food extreme weight loss or gafn must be ewluatecJ by n
in animol enclosures should be examined regularly veterinarian and treated as necessory.
to'ensure iI is free of debris and not spoiled. At -
minimum, unpoten food must be discorded qfrer 24 Food qnd wateP must be provided in appcopriate
hours. Food ihat has been offered to an animal and dishes, which should be designed and placed to
remoins uneotd.rl must not be fed to anoihijr animal. give each animal in ihe primary enclosure occess
to sufficient food and waiec. Food nnd water dishes
IdedNy, a.consistent diei should be fed to qll must be sdfe, sufficient in number, and of adequale
animals, ratker lhan a variey of products. Feeding size. When more lhan one animal is house.cl in an
a consistent diet minimizes gastrointestinal upset, enclosure, ca'reful ritonitoring and grouping.lo match
stress, and inappetance associared with frequent animals with similar nutrirional needs are 4~ssentiat:
diet change, :and helps to ensure Ihe product is fed Animals wha guard food or prevent. access by
Arzimczls'who gz«rd in appropr'iate :quanfiy. The feeding of raw food cage mates must be housed br fed separately.
foad or• prevent diers is not recommended in sheliers because of location of food and water containers should also
; access by eage mates concems about bacleriol of parasite contaminolion allow easy obserwtion, access for cleaning and
masst be hoissed or ond public heolth risk (CVMA 2006; Finley 2008, filling and should Prevent confamirration from litter,
fed separtztely. lejeune 2001; Lenz 2009; Morley 2006). feces, and urine. If automatic devices. or drinlung.
bottles ace used, they should 6e ex6mined daily to
28
•
Afcdical Tlea/th auld Phyrical. lY~cll-Geinc,
ensure proper function and cleanliness and must be. rising levels of in(ectious diseases (e.g„ parvoviNs
disinFected belwesn users. or upper respirafiory infection; URf} which requlre a
response by the shelter. Shelter deaths after en.try,
Old food cce6tes a health hazard by spoilage and/ not related to e,uthanosia, should never represent ,
or.altroction of p.esfs.. Food distributed to Qnimals thol more thqn a very smoll proportion of animal
remains uneo(en within 24 hours musi be removed intakes. For exqmple, ;stqtewide data for municipal
and discdrded to prevent spoilage. A schedule o( animal con}rol and public .or priva)e rescue groups
regulaf sanitation must be Followed for oll food and a. nd humane societies in Virginia (or the years
wctter conta.iners. .Foocl preparaiion and storage 2004-2007 indicate that z2% of cais and <:1 %
oreas musl be eosily s.anitized bnd moiNained in a of dogs received by those focilities were reporled
clean conditian. .Supplies of food should be stored 6s hoving died in Ihe shelter. (This inEormation is
, in a manner to prevent spoilage or contamination: published annually by the Virginia Department of
Re(rEgeration is needed for perishoble foods. Food Agriculture and Consumer Services, Oeice of fhe
shoutd not be fed after the expircilion dote. fa.clors State Veterinarian.) A survey of 11 open-intake
such as exposure ta.heat or air may also decrease qnimal shellers (including largs, municipal shelters
shelf life. Toxic substance.s and vermin should be . in communities such gs 10s Angeles,and New York
kept oui of contact with food, food sforage, pncl Ct1y) teveqled an average °shelter death rore"
prepprqtion qreas (AAEP 2004). Stored food should (calcu(oted as number of dogs anO ca►s Ihat died
be clearly lobeled if removed from the original in fhe shelrer's care d,ivided ,by tatql live dog qnd
package. aot .intake). aF 0.75% (rdnge 0.1.84.61 qJ (HSUS
20071. Nurribers in excess of this indicate p
9. Population VUepl-beang siTuafion requiring irrmmediate measures for control.
7ntlividuQl animal health and overall population -
heallh are interdependent. 1/Vithoul one the other 10. Response $o Disecase or
ctirtnot exist.in mosf sheltersettings. Shelier medical 911ness
stdff must therefare regulorly monitor the status of Response to disease and illness must 6e on integral
individual animals and the papulation as a whole part of every shelter beafth program. A disease
to allow for early deteclion of pro6lems and prompi response plan should include measores to minimize,
inlervention. ldeall.y, shelters should also monitorand tronsmission to .unaEfecied animals or people and
assess frequency of specific problems (e.g., upper ertsure appropriate care of ifie Offecled animol
respiratory in(eclions, pqrvovi.ruses) set iealistic :jHurley 2009). Bec6use of the wide variely of
goals, develop Iqrgeted slrdlegies, ;and mon.ikor ihe ppthogens, modes of transmission, and lypes
effectivenes's of inedicdl health programs, ultimately of facilities, nQ single response 'con s.uit every
leading to beller vveroll populafion management circumstance (ASV posifion statemenf on infectious
bnd i.ndiviclual animal welfore: This lype of clisedse oulbreak.managemen); 2008): (See section
surveillance will plso facilitate early recOgnition and orr Public Heqlth for more information on pcevention
reporting.of problems; accurdte diaoi5osis, effective of disease transmission.J
intervenfions, ond clata collection. Animal healih
plans mu'st be reviewed in response to changes d) tsaJation
o6served in animal health, illness.or deaths. All facilifies shauld have q mewns of providing '
isola.tion lhot will allow foi'-humane care and nQt
~ In addition to fracking trends related to specific p.ut olher animals at risk (CDA 2009). Isola4ion
heallh problems, ¢ periodic teyi.ew of the rate- of ma.y be accom,plished physicpl.ly on-site~ or ihrough
illness (morbidiiy) or dealhs (morfalily) should 6Q transfer to, an. qpprQpriote facility. When isolotion conducted. Shelter deaths ore often indicafors of is impossible, or inadequate'to control tronsmission
29
G![IIICIL)7Pl for Standrrrds of Grre hn Aninral5helre,s
~
of the pnrticular pathogen, the'sheller must carefully may su(fice to control the spread flf disease: Ideally,
weigh'the consequences of exposure of the generpl animdl movement should stop until a targeted control
population agoinsl eulhanosia. Anowing animols strotegy can be implemented. Artimal handling
with severe infectious disease to r.emain in the and fool traffic should be limited: In response to
generol population is unacceptable. Even animals an QUfbreak, protocols. (voccinatian, sanitation,
with mild clinicol signs of c.onmgious di'seose should movsmeni, etc.) sho.uld: be reviewed to ensure Ihat
, not be housed in the generol populotion os doing measures are effective :shelter-wide ag6insl the
so creates a su6slanlial risk of widesptead disease pathogens of concern, Animals should be monitored
hansmisslon. for sign3 of disea3e during an 6ut6reak dt ledst iw'ice .
daily. Sfielters should ovoid returning recoveired or
b) Diagnosis exp.osed animols ro the general populafion while
Fcziliare to provide In the event of severe or unirsual conditions, or there is significont risk lhey may transmit disease b
tYBdtYjZEY1t fOYpdtiZ outbreaks of infectious disease, tliognosis ar other onimals. When releasin.g a sick or infectious
is unacceptable. identifieafion of specific pathogens should be animal fcom lhe shelteF full disclosure should 'be '
sought. Inliolly, o clinica( or working diognosis, mode to. the petson or orgonization receiving ihe
as determined by a yeterinarian, may provide (he animal. :Shefters musf olso. take qare,thafi all federdl,
basis for treafiment and response. When a specific stare, and local laws are {ollowed concQrning
pathogen has not been identi(ied, a risk assessment reportflble diseases:
must be performsd based on the .:suspected , palhogens and the number of animals who have Although rarely the only option, depopulation is one
been in conlact with the in(ecfed animals. means of response to a disease outbreak. Before
depopulation is undertaken, mtrny focrors'including
Animals with a suspected infectious diseose must transmission, morbidity, mortafily, and pubfic health
be isolated until diagrrosis or sobsequenF treatmenfi musi be taken info account. All othet avenues must
determines them to be o low risk' ro the gencral be fully examinetl dnd depopu(ation viewed as
population. When an animal dies kom unexplained a Ias1 resort (ASV position siatemenl on inFectioua
causes, a necropsy afong w'rth histopathology disease outbreak management, 2008).
should be performed to provide inFormation ro protect the health of the rest of the population. 11, 6Viedacat 1'reatanent oi Shel$er
Anemals
Protocols to definp and manage common illnesses Treatment decisions should be bosed upon a number
based o.n,clinical signs should be developed and of criterio s.uch os the obilify to s6fely ond humanely
used in_ consullation with d Yererinarian. Protocols provide relief, prognosis for recovery; tlie likelihood
should detail the expected Gourse of diseqse and of plcicement aftet fireotmenl, and the number of
response to treotment. Veterinary input should be animQls who must"be fred,fed. Duration of treatrrient
sought when diseose or response to treotment cloes expected, exPense an& resources avdilable for
Dt[7?Z72gl.L dZSBLISe not follow expected course. treotment shoufd also be.considered,.
outbreah, physzcdl
separcr.tion maist be cJ Outbreak Response The legal srolus of the animal musi never prevent
I eStC6blZSfJeGl6elweeYl During ari outbreak, physicol separdtion must lreatmenl to relieve suffering (which mziy include
ezposed, at-rtSfZ 6e .establisbed beiween ezposed, at-risk and euthanasia if sufFering cannot be alleviafed). Shelte'rs
; lt1Zd YiYlexpOSed unexposed animals or groups of anirnals. In so.me must haye specific protocols to provide immediate
ananzals orgroups circumstqnces, if may. 'be necessary to stop inlake care when legol stalus is an issue.
Qfanimals. or adoptions in arder to prevent disease spread. In
ofhei circumstances, a'properly 5et up isolation room
30
Medica! Kea[tb irnd Alry.cicrtl tVel/-6eiug
~ •
qecisions _ must balance botk fhe best inlerest of rnedicdlion; developed in tonsuUa6on with a Allouwtng ctnirnaIs
the indiyidual dnimals requiring treotmenf and the vetennarion; for rrianogement of common drseases with seveye
shelter popularion as a whole. When treotment is should tie proviclecl io staf(. All Ireatments:should be tiZfectious .disegse
needecl, shelters are responsible for the soEely of dotumented. to remain tyt the
ihe dnimbls, the people working wiih the animals, geYteYal pop1•L1llttol2
and the surrounding environment. ff(ecfive andsafe The uss of antimicrob'ials in shelter populations ' ts tincrcceptdble.
use of inedicaiion requires a reasonably cerlain warrants special meniion. Bacteria ore capable
diagnosis, proper administration, and moniroring of developing resisiance to cerloin d.rugs. In somo
the eourse of disease so ihat success or failure ean cases, they are. able to pass this resistance to.other
bg defermined. Those providing treatment must have tiacteria, lncluding those thbt cause infections in
the necessary firaining, skills, ancl resouices to ensure bolN onimols and people. To prevent antimicrobia)
trea(menf is adm'inisEered corecfly and safely. resistbnce from developing; it is aitol to limit
antimicrobial use ro those situations where these
SheUers should olso have cleor policies, for handling dnigs are clearly indicated (AAHA /AAFP 2006;
diswse Pioblems thar rciay develop aftei adoption. AVMA 20086). Anfibidtic seleclion and dosing
Adopters or those iaking animals from the sholter should bo specific to the infection and animal being
should be- informecf about the presence- of arry treated; and, when possible, 6dsed an appropriate
diseose or condition known ro :be presertl ot the Hme diognostics. Inopproptiate use oF ontibiotics is nol
of adaption and provided a capy of any treatment a substiiute for good .preventive mecJical care_
retords. Guidelines for anlimicrobial use in companion
animpls have 6een published and these principles
Professronol supervision is cequired for use, of should also be applied to the shelter.setting (AAHA/
all preKription clrugs, con}rqlled qnd oFf-IQbel AAFP 2006; AVMA 2008b).
medication (F[7A 2009d, 20096). Protocols for
~ 31
Guldelines for Sdzmd.rrcls o f C'.air in tlninial Sbeltcrr
Behavioral Health and Mental Well-being
Gaod healtk and well-laeing depend on meeting 1. Co075idera$ions on Inteske
.Staff rtzatst both the mentol ond behaviorql_ peeds, os well qs
be trained to ihe physical needs; of animals (Griffin 2004a; p) Behavioral Hrstory
recogrzize animctl Jenkins 1997; McMillan 2000, 2002; Wells A thorough behavioral hisiory and the redson(sl for
St1'CSS, pC1tY[, dtZd 2004a; Wojciechoska 2005): Individual animals relinquishment shbuld be obtafned at the time of
Stsffering as zuell h6ve a wide variey of psychological needs intake. Any dvbilabld information should be solicited
Cts .s2[CCessitl that are determined by such factors as species, when stray animols are impounded as welL ldeally;
adaptation genetic makeup, personality, prior socialization this informarion should be obfoined • by interview,
to the shelter ❑nd experience. Behavioral evice must take aNhough wcitlen questionnaires are tacceptable_ The
environment. fhe perspective of each individupl animal into history shou(d be used to alert staff to Ihe presence
- consideration as well as the condilions expe.rien.ced oF potential problems; such as_aggression or anxiely,
by ihe populatio.n (Griffin 2009a; McMillan 2000, and lo inform staff of any individual needs, so that
2002; Wojc,iechoska 2005). proper care cqn be provid, ed for that aniinal (Grlffin
20090).
The struclural nncl sociol environment, ps well as ,
opportunities for cognilive and physi.col octiviy, ore Shelters should be dware that histories provided,
importanl.for dll :species oF animals (ILAR 1996). a4hough important,. may be eiiher incomplete ot
An appropriate environment includes shelfer and 'moccurate. Por ezample, some pro6fem behoviois
a comforldble resting area, in whith animals are such as oggression may be under reported or
free from feor and distress and hove the abilily lo under stoted (Marder 2005; Segurson 2005;
express normal, species lypical behaviors. Lack of Stephen 2007). AIl incidents or reporis of a history
Control oyer ane's environment is one of the most of aggressive behwior along with Ihe context in
profound stressors for unimols. The:sfress induced by which they occurred must be recorded os part of an
even shart-term confinemenf in an animal shelter can animol's record.
compromise health; and when confined longterm,
animols frequenlly .suffer due . to chronic onxieiy, b)' Minimizing Stress
social isolation, inadequafe mental stimulation ond Animals experience a variey oF stressors in she.lters,
lack of physical exercise (Fox 1965; Griffin 2009a, beginning wiih the intake process (Coppola 2006;
2006; Hennessy 1997; Patronek 2001; Stephen 1997; Griffin 2009a; Hennessey 1997), Care
2005; Tuber 1999; Wemelsfelder 2005). Proper must be taken to minimize sfress during this cruciol
behavioral healthtare is essentiol to reduce stress time in ordec to minimize problems, which may deldy
andsuffering as iNell as ro.detecf problem behaviors or even prevent acclimation or odjustment to the
tkot may pose a safeiy risk b humans or other sheher environment ond prolong or intens'rfy arucieiy
animals. and me.nlal suffering (Grandin 2004).`During infake
procedures, particulor care should be faken not to
Stress and the development. of abnormal behaviors place cats within spotiol, visuol or oudirory range
are exacerbated when opportunilies for coping of dogs (Griffjn 20090, 2009b; McCobb 2005):
(e_g., hiding, seeking social companionship,
mental stimulation or aerobic exercise) are locking. 2. Behavianr EvaBueetaon
Beliovior problems compromise heolth and weffare Assessmenf of dn animal's beltavior must :begin
as well as poteiitial for adoption (Griffin 2009a). at Ihe time of intgke. ;Ju'st os cqre is foken to note
any physical problems that may require alteniion,
behavioral problems ►stress.; fear, anxiey, a.ggresslonj
lhat tequire intervention or affect how Ihat onimal con
be safely handled should also be nried ot iha sime of
32
Brhavr.'on7! Hralrls and Mctitrtl 137c11-6ci71g
inipke and entered into an onimol's record. Actions optimal proclices. However, if marry onimols are
should be taken to respond prompily b behwioral disploying signs of unrelieved sfress, steps must
needs (Griffin 2009a). Ongoing assessment of each be taken 1o improve the shellers stress reduclion
animal's 6ehaviar should conlinue throughout the proiocols_ For humone reasons, long-term
onima!'s slay in the shelter. confinemenl rrtust be avoided for feral animals and
for ihose who remoin markedEy shessed/fearful ond
Manifestations of normal and obnormal behavior are not responding to treatment/behaviorol care
indicate how successfully an animal is coping in (GrifFin 20096; Kessler 1999a, 1999b).
iheir environment (Fox.1965; Griffin 2002, 2009a,
2006; Houpt 1985; McMillan 2002; Overall Ideally, a systematic behavioral evaluation should
1997; 2005J. ?herefore, stdff must be lrained to be performed on all animals prior to re-homing or
recognize bady longuage and oiher behaviors that other placement (Griffin 2009a). Some evaluations
indicate animal stress, pain, and suffering as welf as have been peer-reviewed, commonly accepted,
those thai indicate successful adaptation Io the shelfer studied and/or published, bul none is scientifically
environment. When animals are well adjusted and validated for predicting future behavior in the home
their behavioral needs are satisfied, fhey dispfay a with cerfainy_ However, inEormaiion gleaned during
wide variey of normal behoviors including a good such testing (e.g., level of activiy and arousal}, may
appetile and odiviy level, sociabiliy, grooming, be useful (or choracferizing ihe animol's personality,
appropriate play behavior and reslful sleeping. determining behaviordl needs in ihe sheher, matching
Behavioral indicatars of stress, social conflict, pain animals wifh approprlate adopfers ond identifying
or other suffering, include persistent hiding, hostile individual animals who may not be suitable for re-
inferactions with oiher onimals, reduced activily or homing or other placement (Animal Rescue league
appetife, depression and/ar social withdrowal, of Soston 20 ] 0; $o#!en 2008; Christensen 2007;
borrier frusirotion or aggression, stereotypic Hetts 2000; Griffin 2004a; Ledger 1995; I.edger
behaviors (e.g., repelitive spinning, jumping or 1997; Netto 1997; Neidhart 2002; Sternberg
pacing) or other abnormal behoviors (Fox 1965; 2003; Van der borg 19911. Organizations rhal
Griffin 2002, 2006, 2009a; Houpt 1985; develop their awn evoluation . should do so in
McMillan 2002; Overall 1997, 2005). consultation wiih a veterinarian or behaviorist familiar
with ihe science and theory of behavior assessmenf.
The needs of individuol animals wilf vary. Animals Sfaff performing evaluations musl receive adequate
must be monitored dai#y in order to detect trends trnining in performance, inferpretotion, and safeiy. A
or changes in well-being and respond to their siandordized behwior examino#ion form should be
behavioral needs_ Staff should record their u.sed ond each evoluation should be documerned.
findings each day (Griffin 2009a; UC Davis Formal behavioral evoluarion should nal necessarily
2009). Departures from the normol behovior invalidote Information provided by the owner or
and appearonce of an animal may also be an obsenrations made during stoff.interadions with an
indication that the animpF is in pain (ACVA 2006), animal. An overall assessment must include all of
When }3ain ar suffering is recognized in animals, the informotion. (history, k9ehavior during shelter stay, "
il is imperaiive Ihat prompt, appropriote steps be and formal evaloation) gdthered about the onimal. taken to alfeviate it. (See sectian on Medical Heqllh
and Physfcol Well-being for additional informatlon Criteria for a syslematic 'behavioral evaluation o{
i on pain management.) cots are less well established than for dogs (Siegford
, 2003). However, cats should be assessed. by
Some individual shelter animols may experience observing behavior, and interacling with Ihe cot
seVere shess that is difficult to alleviate evan with Io help enhance insfielter care (e.g., recognition
33
Grridelirres fnr Stand.trdi of ('~tre in Arrrmal SbPIIC!'S
1
of shy, stressed, fearful, poorly socialized or feral lif Daily Routine
catsj :and help guide appropriate placemenl (Griffin Regufar daily schedules oF care should be followed
2009a, 20096, 2006; lowe 2001). because the stress from husbandry i5 increased when .
ir is unpredictable and may even result in ahronic
3. In-SAtefter Cqo'e fear and anxiety (Caristead 1993; Griffin 2002,
~ 2006, 20090). Conversely, when stressful .evenls
p) EnVltonlrlent are, ptedictable, animdls may experience calm and
Enclosures comfort belween stress resporises (McMillan 2002).. Appropriate housing ihat meets the behaviorol Animols also respond lo positive experiences in their
needs of the animals minimizes shess (Griffin claily toutines, Feeding and playtime may.begreatly
2006, 2002; Hawthorne 1995, Hubrechi 2002; anf'icipated, thus scheduling positive daily events
loveridge 1994, 1993; 1998; NlcCune 19950; shauld be a priarity (Griffin 2002, 2006, 2009a).
Overall 2003, 1997; Rochlitz 1998, 1999, Lights should 6e tumed off at night and on during
2002, 20051. Even shorl-term housing must meei daytime hours (Griffin 20021 to support animals'
the minimum behavioral needsoftinimals, providing natural circadion. rhythms.. Irregular poilems or
seporote areas for urination/defeaation, feedin,g continuous lighf or dprkness are inherentlystressful.
and resting and sufficient space to stqnd and walk
several steps, and sit or lie. at fuil body length. c) Enrichmenf ana(Socialization
(See seclion on Facilifies for guidelines for animal Enrichment refers to Q process for improving ihe
housing.) environment arid behaviorpl care of confined
~ animals wiihin the conteXt of iheit behavioral needs.
Se ar~ The purpose of enrichinent is to reduce sfress dnd
$eginning at the time o( aelmission, sepqration of improve well-being by providing physical ancl mental
onimals 6y Species is essential ta provide for Iheir stimulolion, 'ertcburciging species-typical behoviors
behavioral iteeds ds well as proper heallh and (e.g.; chewing for dogs and rodents, scrarching
welfare (Griffin 2009a). Prey.:species (e,g.; birds, for cats), and allowing animals more control over
guineo-pigs, homsters, gerbils; rabbitsj "should be their environment. 5uccessful enrichmenl programs:
housed away from pr.edatory species {e.g.; ferrets, prevent the development and tfisplay oF abnormal
cats, dogs} at oll iimes (Quesenberry 2003). II is behavior ond provide for the psychological well-
extrernely stressful for them to be housed in an areo being of the animals. Enrichment should 6e given
where they are subjected ro olfacbry, auditory, the same significance ps other iomponents of
an.d visuol cQntact with predalory species. Becouse anirrial care, such os nutriNon and veterinary care;
' cats m,ay be prbfoundly stressed by the .presence and should not be considered optional (IIAR 1996).:
and sound of dogs barking, ihey should be Ar a minimum, animals musl be provided regular
physically sepor4ted fiom the sight and sound of social cQntacl, mentdl stimulation and physical
dogs (Griffin 2009a, 20096; McCobb 2005). acfiviy (1LAR 1996). For some gnimals, socipl, needs
E72YIChY1ZB1Zt SI?OtIId; NoJel environments fend to be especi611y stressful may be partially fulfilled thralgh interaction wiih
be given the same for shy, pooily sociolized, ferdl ond geriattic cafs membets bf the same Species.
:significance as and dogs (Dybdall '2007; Griffin 20096; Hiby
other componeizts 2006; Patronek 2001). Idedlly; these animals, or Interactions with Reo Ie
ofC[T2tYnal Cat'B ony animol thdl is showing signs.of stress, should be Regulor, positive daily social intetncfions, with
j und should not housed in separafe, calm,.quiet areas beginning at humans are essential for both dogs and cats (with
be considered inlake: Even moving an onimal to a quieter location the excepiion of ferul animols) (Goppola 2006;
optioiaal, within ihe xtme ward may prove beneficial. Crowell• Davis 1997; 2004; Griffin 2006;
Hennessy 1998, 2002; Hells 1992; Hubrechl
34
,8e/mviornl Hralthrrqd Mcritrr! lY/e!!-Gehr~
i
1492, 19.93; Tuber 1996, 1999). These Training pcograms for dogs and cals (e,g., :lo Lo3zg tel"i12 ,
interaciions are crucial for siress reduc(ion and are condifion p.r teach 6osic pbedi.ence. wmmands COIl
fiiieineizt
a ppwerful form of enrichment (Coppola 2006• or tricks) aiso serye qs on important source of Ofany gnimal,
Hennessy 1998, 2002; Hetts 1992; Hubrecht siimulafion and socidl contqcj.jGriffin 2009a; laule h2clud2'ng ferql or
1992, 1993; McMillan 2002; Tuber 1996). 2003; Thorn 200:6) For dogs, 3uch iraining has ilessrve aniinals,
ldecally; caregivers should be assigne~l io.care for been shown to increase chances for re-homing Zu o canizo.t be
the same animals on a regular basis, so thbt the (leuscher 2008j. Troining methods must be based pY0v1dEd wtth
coregivers bec..ome awore of the behaviors aE primarily on pasilive reinforcement in accordance ha.slc CctYe, diL1 y
each individual animal ond the animals become with current professi.orral guidelines (APQT 2003; enrichment and
6ceustomed to the individual caregiver (GrifFin AVSAB 2007; Delia Sociery 200 11. exercise without
2002, 2006, 2009a). iladucircg stress, is
$ehavioral Considerations for Long-term Shelter unaccepta6le.
Performance of daily husbandry is not a means fo Stavs
provi.de for the soeiol oeeds of artimals. Animnls For long-term shelter stays, appropriate levels of
should receive some ype af positive social odd.ilional enrichment must be provided on a daily
interactivn oulside .of the. activities of feeding and basis. (See section onNow to. Use This Dorumenf for
cleanin,g on a daily basis (e_g:;. yiralkin,g, playing, discussion of long•term stdy.) loqg-term confinement
gropming, periing, etc,.), This is especially important of dny qnimal, including feral dr aggressive onimals,
for anim6ls housed longierm. Foronimats housed who cannol be provide.d with bcisic care, ifaily
shorFterm and with unknown healrh backgrourtds, enrichment and exercise without inducing stress, is
~ soci.al iniercaction mUst be baldnced wilh infeclious undcceptable:
disease conirol.. When animals must remain
confined foi health or behavioral re6sons, positive Altematives to traditional cage housing (e.g., (arge Alteri7atives to
sdc"ial interaction still should be provided wilhour eri(ched cages, home or affice foster care, roam tradittonal cage
removing the animal from the endosute. housing) must be provrded for any animal.staying hoiiszng must be
in a shelter long term. Cats musf be .,alldwed an pY0?IZded f Ya1Zy
' For puppies and -kieens less than 4 months opportuniiy to exercise and explore in a secure, unimrll staying iTz
old; proper socialization is essential far normal enriched setting. SimilQrly, dogs must be provided a sheltex long term.
behavioral :dev.elopment. Without daily handling with daily opporiunities for activiy ov#side of kheir
ond Positiye exposure to a variety of novel stimuli, ntns for aerobit exercise (Grifftn 2009a; loveridge
animals m.ay devebp chronic fear dnd.:nnxiey or 1998). Exercise may be stimulpted Ihrough
suffer from the. inability I.o odjust normdlly to thoir interoctive ga.mes sych as fetch or via supe.rvised
environments (Griffin 2006; lowe 2001; McCune. playgraups with other dogs, For both 'cat5 and
1995b; McMillqn 2002). For these reasons, a dogs, rooms wirh a,bame•like environment may nlso
high prioriy must be placed on ensuring proper lie used to provide ertrichment and stress reduction.
socidlization aFyoung puppies and kittens. This moy Precaufiions, as described in other secNons; should
be best accomplished 'outside of the shelter (e.g,, be bken to ensure that disease transmission and
in foster care) (Griffin 2006; MrMillan 2002; stress are minimized.
Reisner 1994). for puppies and k1tens hoUsed
in a skeller; socialiiation must be balonced with Any animal that 'is observed to be experiencing
infectious disease control. Socialization should be mental suffering, distress oe behavioral deteriorotipn
r provided by workers pr volunteers wearing dean musl be assessed and appropriately treofed in
proteetive clothing in an environment that can be q timely manner ot humanely euthanized. Just as
fully.disinfected behween uses. a severe or iapicl desline in pn animol's physical
healnc cQnstitules an emergenty situalion and
35
Griide[r'iies foi• Starrd.mz(r af C',aip in Animal Sbeltrrs
i .
requires an urgent respon3e, so do such changes in playe.d at. cQn►rolled Volumes or certain aromas
the behaviorol or menfal health of ari onimal. (such as cho.momile or Iovender) (Graharri 2005o). ,
Animals may also benefit from yisuql sfimuldtion and '
Reproduclive siiress from esfirous cycling qnd sex drive the qbi.liry to observe their surroundings (Ellis 2008).
can decrease appetile, inaeose urine sproying,
marking and fighting, and pinfoundy inctease clJ Behavioral Modificatron
social ond emotional stress: For these redsons, Behavior modification is an individualized treafiment ,
animols who are housed long-term should be strategy designed lo chanye an animal's behavior.
spayed or neutered as ihe ropid decline.in sproying, Pradi"ces musl adhere 1o ihe well-described
marking, and Fighting and the e(imination of heat sciantific principles of animal behayior and behavior a.nd pregnqnry will greally miligate anima.l learning including positive reinforcement, o.pe'rani
siress (Hart 1973, 1997; Johnston 1991). Tfiis also conditioning, systematic desensi(ization pnd counter
serves to facilitate group housing and participation conditioning (AVSAB 2007). In some cases, tlie
in supervised playgroups for eacercise and social use of medications, prescribed by a veferinar+an,
eiirichment. in . com6(nation with behqvior modiHcaH.an
lechniques, may be required. 7he use of`,physical
Other TXpes of Enrichment force as punislirrient or u5e.of force irr anger is an
Enrichmenf should 6fso be provided for animals unocceptable means of behavior madifiwfian;
while in their, enclosures fhrough opportunities for these methods are potentially harmful to the animal
play fe,g.; toys or }iuman inferactionj~ Feeding and dangerous for the staff: (AVSAB 2407;
enrichmen) is qnother imporlant source of stimulation Hutehinson 1977; Potronek 20011. Descriptions of
and can be eQSily accomplished by hiding food in unacceptable disciplinory techniques are ovailable
commerciaflyavoiloble food pnzzle 1oys, cordboard (New Zealvnd 1948; AHA 2001, CVMA 20Q4). boxes, or similar items with holes such Ihot the
animal has to work to exhact pieces of food (6offin Sufficient resources (e.g., trained staff, time for
The use of 2006, 2009a; Schipper 2008; Shepherdson behavioral )realment, adequdte housing bnd.
p)1ySZCdl fOYCB !l5 1993). feeding .enrichmenl has also been shown working spdceJ must . be availakilo to provide
Pu.nisl?ment or use to increase activity level and reduce barking appropriate c4re if behaviorcil modification is.
Offorce-fl2 ai2ge7'ts behavior (Schipper 2008). Olher forms of inental aitempled. The techniques regu'ired a`re gon$rally
art unacceptable ancl sensory stimulation (e.g., olfactory, visual, lobor-intensive ancl time-consumitig and must be
means of behavior auditoty; tactile bnd pheromone) are additionol end applied consistently over a period of ►ime in order to
Yl10difiCatlOt2; imporlant woys of providing enrichmenl (Grdhom be successful: Attempting behavior modifimtian with
these. methods are 2005a, 20056, Griffifh 2000; Qe Monte 1997; aggressive animals pases concems due to saEety
patential y harryiflll Tod `2005,• Wells 2004a, 20046f. For example; and liabiliy risks; animals believed fo be dangeraus
to the animal arad cafs benefit from the provision of scraFcliing posts; should not be. re-home,d 1Bollen 2008; Crowell- dasageroiss~'OT' dogs benef'it from ihe provis'ion of items to chew cnd Davis 2008; Phillips 2009j.
the staff may also benefit from tlassical musis (Wells 2002)
-
86
Grarp f'frtnting
Group Housing
The purpose of group housing in shplters fs to be provided to increase the size and complexily 41Zi172lLIS 172ttst 710t
' proYide animbl; with healthy saciol confdct of ihe living space JDowling 2003; Griffin 2006; be hortsecl in the
and comppnionship with oiher animals -in o[der Qverpll 1997; Rochlitz 1498)_ A minirrium of SCImC el'dC105Z63"e
fo enhance their welfare. Fn ihe cantext of this 18 square feet per cat hqs been recommended simply bec'ause tliey '
docurrient, grQup, housing refers lck playgroups As for .group houaing (Kessl@r 19996). Although no arrivecl oJa the sitnac
.
well bs gtoup housing two or more animals in Ihe minimum has been recommended ior dogs, for a11 day or because .
sqme prim6ry enc(osure. Group housing Tequires species the size should 'b'e large enough to allow tndivadual Izelanel
appropridte facilities and careful selecfian and animals to :ezpress a vdrieiy of noimal behaviars. SiclCe l.s Z11SuffiCieYlt. -
monitoring of animals by trained staff. This form of (See_section on Facilities for more information on "
social contact is not appropriate for all individuals. ' primary enclosures.) Sufficienfi resources (e.g., food,
water, bedding, lwerboxes, tays) mu.st be providsd "
1. Risks and 'Benefits of Group to prevent .competitiorr or resource :guQrdirLq cin~
B-Bouseng ensure qccess by oll animals. `
There are both risks and benefits to .grcwp housing.
Inappropruately used group housing cteafes phy'siOl 3. Seleti'iot1
risks of infectious disease exposure and injury 8oth group housing ancl playgroups require c6reful QptZOt1S fOr
or deoth from fighting. If,also creates stress, fedr, seleclion dnd monitoring of xinimuls by staff or individual housiJag
and anxiety in some mem6ers oF the group. Group volunteers trdined to recognize subde signs oE stress must 6e available
housing mokes monitorifi,g of individual animdls and prevent negatW interoctions~ (e.g.; guording for animals when
more difficulF, resvlting in failure to detett problems (ood or other resources). Selection considerations co-housing is not
;
or inodeguote acce'ss to necessifies like feod and include sepdration by age, behavioral assessment approprzate.
Jvater for some animdls. Stnif safeiy may also be prior ta grouping, and pravention oF infectious
compromised when onimals are hpused in groups disepse Ihrough scceening, vaccination and parosile
as it.is generatly more difficult to manage more.than con►rol.
one animal in an enclosure. However, appropriately
. planned groupings for housing or play can be Rando[n grouping of animals in shelters is on
accepFable, and may even be desicable, when unacceptable procrrce. Animals. must nof be:housed
tailored to individual animals (Griffin 2002, 2008; in the same encbsure sjmply because ihey arrived
Gourkow 2001; Kessler 1999b; Mertens 1996;. on the same day or because individual kennel
OYerall 1997; Rochlitz 1998). Benefits of group, space is insufficienF: Unre1a.fed or unfamiliar anim6ls
housing include opportunities (or positnre interqcfion tnust _not be combined in groups or pairs until ober
wilh other dnimals including play, companionship, o health and behavior'eyoluation is performed;
physical connection, and sociolizolion. Group animals shauld be appropriately.mattlied for age,
housing tan be used to provide a more enriched sex, heallh, 4nd fiehavioral compatibiliy. Unfamilior
and varied environment. animals should noY be placed in group housing until
- sufficienl fime has been given fo respond to core
2. FeiCiloties voccines. Intad :animals of breeding age should
Esseniial physical feaiures of a fqcllily to support nol be group housed (Hickmon 1994). It group
planned group housing include adequate size Qf housing is utilized short-term for intact animals, they
fhe primary enclosure; multiple Feeding sta.tio.ns and mu§t 6e s.eparqted 6y gen.der. Sexually mQture dvgs
resting oreos; and adequate space for urirtation and eals should be spayetl%neutered and allQwed
~ and clefecation. Adequate size of group housing is sufficienf re¢averytime prior to group housing.
imperbtive )o allaw gnimals to. maintain adequaie
soclal distances. For group housing:of cats, a 4ariety Animals who are not socialized to olher animals as
of :elevated resting perches and hiding places musl well as those who actively bully o►her animals musl
37
G7[1dPi111@S f01' SIRJ7d21'LlJ of Gtrc in Artin»l. Sl~elteis
Rrtndoin groir.ping not be grouped with other animals (Kessler 1999a; not be group housed unless they are littermafes.
of UYllmlll.s t72 Overall 1997). Grouping dnimals whb. fight with Single, un. related puppies or kiftens m,ay ;be gcou.p
Sheltel"s ZS CIiZ one. _anolher is u.nacceptable. Allowing animals housed for socialization purposes if they musl stay
us2accepttlble to fight.is cruel and animals who have engaged in the shelter long-term or if the risk from lock of
practzCe. in fighfing wifh one anolher must not be gcouped socigl interdction is greatei thon that for infectious fogether. Cqulion must be used when aftempting. fo disease. When pldcing single orpliorted kitlens and
. indude any animal with a history of Eighting in a puppies wifh an alfemote mother, wi)h or .without o
group. , liiier, risks and benefits to health and behavior foc all
G7'oupiptg dYtiYY[alS animals must be weighed, Even fbr liitermates, all
ZU`ID fight witli Smallsr g(oups are pceferable to allow effective requiremen(s for group housing must be met.
01ZC !13'lOtlleY ZS monitoring :nnd reduced risk of conflict as well as
unacceptrtble. decreased infectious disease transmission. ldeally, a4. !Alhen Group Housing is '
group size of 10-12 should not be exceecJed for 9nappropr'eate cafs iDowling 2003; Griffin 2006; Rochlitc 2005). Options for indiyiduQl housing must 6e availqble
For ihe safely of dogs as well os coregivers, dogs for animals when group housing is. not appropriate.
should be combined in even smaller .groups (e.g., For some animals; even group housing wifh fnmiliar
no more fhan 4-6 dogs). animals can be detrimentdl.. Single enriched housing
must be provided far onimals who qre fearfu) nr
The gdditlon of new animals always..results in a aggressivA fowards. other animals, are stressed by
peiibd oF stress for the group. If-the.re is constant the prssence of .other ahimofs, require individual
fiumover (nnimals joining and legying) wilhin the monitoring, or :are ill ond require treatmenr that
group, animals mciy remain stressed indefinltey. cannot be provided in group kousing (Kessler
For these reasons; lurnover within groups should be 1999a;. Griffin 2006). Because it may take day5
' minimized. Io weeks Io acelimale to a group erniironrneot, '
enriched individual housiny is preferable when o
Because of their susceptibiliy to infeetious disease, shorter sfay is. anticipated (Gtiffin 2009a).
puppies a.nd kitteris under 20 weeks of age should 3
i
38
A:rr,ntzl Ha,rdli,lq
Animal Handling
; .
Nandling must always be as humane as possible should pcevent escape. Eyen when animals :remain Aclegr.aate
qnd appropriate for ►he individual .animal qnd cotifined within a room, recaplure is sh@ssful. When tt"CITTIZYlg' ZS 1~.'eY t0
sifuation. The minimal amounl of physical restrainT fhe qnim6l does nof need urgent infervention; lilniting the use
needed to accnmp,lish the ta.s.k without injury tl.elqying 6 peocedure to allow 1fiat.onimal, tame to of unnece.ssary
to people or qnimals should be used. Hurtione relbx in d quiei environment before h6ndl.ing is tlie orce aiad rnaist
hqndling requ,ires ori appraisal of 2nch animal's. besF opfion (Fowler 1995• Griffin 2006, -2oo9d; be providcd to
behavior, odequdte numbers of properly rtained Houg 2007). anyone. who lvill be
stciff, suitable equipmeni Ihot is reodi►y owi(oble handliJag rtnirnizls.
nnd in good working condifion, appropriate choice 3. ECjuepe19eY1$ -
of location for procedures, persondl:protection such Each situation should be evalu.ated individually
as gloves or push boards, ond judicious use of and. eoch piece of equipment sh.ould be assessed
tranc~iilizers (Fowlar 1995; Griffin 2006). for its Potential to :cause harm or increose stress.
Eve.n pppropr'iate equipment moy be inhumane or
1 . 6testcaint unsafe. if not maintqined in good, working eondition.
When physical reslraint is necessary Io avoid Techniques qr equipment suitable for one s.ituqtion
huma,n injury or inju~y to an onimal, it should be of rciby be inoppropriate. for onather. For exampls;
fhe leost intensily and duration necesspry. Animols alrhough catch poles f olso known os control or
often' respond best to gen.lle res)rdinl ond re,ad rabies polesJ tan be effecliye fqr:handling large:
negativefy when "over-restrained" (Griffin 2006). dogs, they should '+?nhy be used vhen other mote
~ Research indicatesthat gentle humon toatacl has the gentle alternatives eannot be used: The use of edtch
. addifional benefitof mitiga#ing the adverse effecls.of poles for routine restraint of cots, inCluding coRying
uclpleasant stimuli (McMillan 2002). Resislance to or lifting, is inhumane and pa3es.significant risk of The use of CdtC`1
handling .and cestra'int is almost alwqys the result of injury to the onimal; therefore they must not be, used poZes for routine
feqr or.anxiely, .which are compounded when fotce for such purposes (Griffin 200b; HSUS 1996~. restr~tint of C~lts
is: used. Overy forceful hondlin,g is more likely ta Humone trdps, purpose-designed boxes -or nets is inhunaane artd
result in increQSed feo.'r ond ;uggre$sive behrniot should be used for handling iraciious cats, or cats pOSCS 3lgtZtflCant
orid inju.ry to animals and people (AVSAB 2007;' who appeor unaccustomed to handling. Cages or YtSk Of injZlYy t0
Blackwell 2,0p8; Hufchison 1977). Adequale srales iha1 do not provide eosy access for humanely the rtnirrtdl.
tcpining is key, to limiting the use of unnecessary iemoving an unwilling, frightened, or reluctant
force during handling and must be provided to animal, either 6ecause of design, constraints,
airyone who.will be handling animals. Judicious use domage to ihe tage or erate, or corrosron of Ihe
of iranquilizers can kie ihe.most humane op7ion #or fastenets, shaild beovoided.
liandfing a Frightened, fracrious, ot feral bnimaL It is undcceptable to use physical force as .punishmeni 4. FeY"al CCOtS
or to use force in anger (AVSAB >2007,; :Poironek Appropriate procedu.resforhandling and minimizing
2001). shess in feral cats have. been described (Griffin
2009.6; levy 2004; Slater 2001). Eor ,example,
2. Location aeed Tamang when csapturing or Iransporting f,eral cats, .s.queeze
Selection nf a:calm, pnvgte, quiet enyiconment, cages, :feral cat boxes, or'hu.mane box Iraps with
❑nd allowing time.for animals to acclimate prior t.o dividers should be used for the most, humane
hondling c.Qn help minimize stress, and may reduce res)~aint and f.or administeiing tronquilizi,ng
; the amount of restraint eequired (ASV posilion injections,prior to. hbndling.
statement on euthonosia 20101. Handling meihoc}s
30
Gufdeli~ret, fnr Stru-idarr/s of Crrir iir Anirnal Slielters
Euthanasia ~
~
When perfoi']Ydz1Zg When performing euthanasia in a shel#er, each and monitored lo ensure a smooth trdnsilion into
ezsthanasia in indivicJual animal must be treoted with respeet unconsciousness because excitement ieacfiioN
ct shelter, each (AVMA 2007). A yeterinarian with appropiiate and delaygd unconsciousness are not uneommon
individical ccnimal training and expertise for the species involved should with this route (Fakkema 2009; Rhoades 2002). In
must be treated be consulted to :ensure that prope.t procedures qre doga ond cots, oral dosing of sodium pentobdr.bital
with respect. used. Any euthanosia melhod usecl in a sltelter ihould be reser4ed for use in animals who, cannot be
must quickly induce loss of consciousness followed safely approoched, trapped or handled {Rhoades
by deafh, while ensuring the death is cas free from 2002). The lime to reach unconsciousness may be
poin, distress,-bruciey; or apprehension os possible. prolon.ged wifh oral dosing; the dnig is not'always
The euthanasio metho,d must be'relioble; irrevLsrsible fatal .when administered ornlly; and completion of
and compatible wiih the species; oge and healrh euthanasia may require a subsequent injeetion of
status of fhe animal (AVMA'2Q07): Any :agenl or sodium penfobarbital (Rhoades 2002): Regardless
method ihat is-unacceptable.occarding to:the AUMA of the roule of administrotion, whenever progression.
Guidetines on Eulhanasia is .alsa unaccepta6le to death is prolonged, on odditionql injection of
for use in shelfers. The identify of each animal to sodium penlobarbital should be given. Sodium
be eulhoriized must be determined with certoiny pentobarbiral must not be injected by any non-
The identzty af befocehand, including sednning multiple times for vascular route (e.g.,, subcutaneously, fntrainpscularly,
eaeh animal to be a microchip using a universal scanner (Lord 20081 intralhorocic, intrapulmonary, intr6hepotic,. or
er.tthanized must qnd venfyin,g Ihal the animal is pioperly designated intrarenal) olher ihqn Ihe IP roufe discussed pkiove;
be determitzed foc the procedure. An assessmenl mu.sf be m6de of ns these routes are associatecJ with pain ancl
~ with certainty each animal s size, weight and iempergment so 1he distress: Intro-cardi6c injections are unacceptable _
befOl:Chd12d.. oppropriate drug dose, needle and. syringe size ds unless it has been reliably verified tliqt the animal is
well as restratnt method con be used. unconscious, comotose oranesrherized (i.e., lack of
deep pain/toe withdrdwal reflex).
Sa(ey of Ihe personnel'nnd the emolional impacl of
euthanasia must be eonsidered. Procedures should To avoid Gausing undue stress and anxiety, the
be in place to prevenl and oddress compassion least amounf of physical cestroinl necessory to
fatigue tkroughout the arganization, os co.mpassion perEorm the procedures saFely must be used.
, fptigu.e and bumout can be serious problems for Pte-eufhanasia drugs should be administered fio
all shelter personnel, not just those performing the animals who. are aggressive, seyerely distressed
aetual pr.ocedures. or frightened. 7he most dppropridte pre-euthanosio
' drugs are dneslhetics: a comm:on ond cosh
1,. Euthqnasia Techraique ef.fective cqmbination is a mixlure o.f ketamine
The most humane mefhods used For euthanbsia of and xylcizine (Fakkema 2009). Acep'romdzinc
shelfer animals are intravenous (11/) or inlraperiloneal is not recommended as .a sble tranquilizer prior
(IPI injection .af a sodium pentobarbilal solution. to euthanasia because it provides no analgesia
Any agent or Injection techniques, routes o( adminisfrafion, and has unpredictable effects. Xylazine, when
metfiod that ts dosages and methods to veri(y dealh vary by age, used alone, may induce vom'iting which con be o
utzacceptable size, . weighf, condition and species of animal, welfare coneern especially when muzzles are used::
accarding to the including birds ond repliles. When euthanizing dogs Veterinnry guidonce should be used for selection of
AVMA Guidelines ond. ccfrs in a shelfer, 1R injections of a pure sodium pre-eulhanasio drugs.
~ oYd .LllthalZClSZl.l t5 pentobarbital (free of additional drugs or.additives)
ulso unacceptable solu)ion should be used only for cat5, kiltens, and a) Carbon monoxide
for zase in slgelters. small puppies. Animals giyen IP injections shauld The use of carbon monoxide as o method .of
be placed in quiet; dark, confined areas or held euthanizi ng dogs and cols in shelters is unacceplQble
40
Eutl~n~rasi~
' due b multiple humane, opetotional and spfely shelfer workers have reported being disrressed by Intra-cardiac
concems (A5V position 3tatement an euthanasio, he6ring dnimals vocalizing, scrdtching dnci howling Z77jeCtzo125 al'e
1010; NACA 20116). As rtientioned previously, an in the chamber, and by having to repeat the process ZG12C1CCept/lGle
acceptaLile method of euihanosia must 6e quick an.d when animals sutvived the first procedure. utzless tt litts 6een
painiess, ond should not cause di5tress. Any gas reliaGly veri~el~
that is inhalecJ must reash a cerrain concenftation in bJ 1/erif+cation of Death t~7<[t the aritmal
fhe Iungs befare it con 6e effective JAVMA 2007). Deaih must be verified 6y multinle methods by ts u7zcO12sCtOtls,
The high gas flow mtes necessary ►o. achieve; the trained stoff before ony animol's bpdy is disposed_ comatose o1'
recommended concentrafion of 6% ccm r.esull in This is true sven if the animal is not eurhanized but anesthetized.
. noise leyels that frighten onimdls_ Plac7ng muitiple presumed lo be dead when found. Afler the animpl
animals tn a chamber may frighien and, dishess loses consciousness, the absence of the following
the anlmals arid diluie ihe effecrive concentration should be conHrined: pupillary and comeal.
of carbon monoxide fhat each animal receives, re(lexes; foe withdrawal; pirise; respiration; and
creating' ti hqphozord euthanasid. experience thdt heartbeat. Because lack of o palpable pulse does
con be prolonged, painful and ineffective. not confirm that tlie heart has stopped, cardiae
standstill musf be confirmed withr a stethoscope or
Agems inducing convulsions prior to 'ioss of visual verificalion. One method of visual verification
consciousness are unoeceplable for eulhanosia is to insert a needle, and syringe inb the heort to
(AUMA 2007). CatbQn monoxide sfimulofes motor observe For lack of cardiac movement. This method
+ centers in lhe broin ond lass of consciousness mqy has the advantoge of providing visual verificatian
be accompanied by conwlsions and mus,cular of cordiac standst'ill and access to the cirrulatory
spasms (AVMA 2007). One 1983 siudy of the sysfem should qdditionol euthoi►asid :safution need,
effeds of a 6% concentrntion of carbon monoxide to be adrriinistered. Another certain :melhod of
on dogs could not esldblish ihe precise 6me that loss veii(ying death is kiy.the presente oE rigor mortis.
of consciovs.ness occurred, and dogs were observed Failure to use multiple metFiods may result in a
to be vocal'izing and agitated (ChaliFoux 1983). failure to recognize dcolmg-like-state Ihat dnima{s
Cgrbon monoxide is extreriiely hoiardous ia human may emerge kom severol hburs after hoving been
hedlth beciiu3e it is toxic, odorless ahd rosteless; it presumed dead.
also hos the potential to cause.an explasion at high
concentrations (AVNIA 2007; NIOSH :20Q4.). The 2. EnvironmenP paacl Equipenent '
death of at Isas1 one shefter .worker using carbon A s.eparate room 'should be designofed for
monoxide has been dowmented (Rhoodes 2002; eythQnasia in a quiet area away from ihe moin
' Gilbert 2000; HSUS 20096; NIOSH 7004). patfern of foot traffie to mioimize disirc±ctions and
Chronic exQosure to I,ow levels of carbon m9noxide intsrruplions. The room should, hoye. adequate
can also cause ;serious humon health problems lighfing 4nd be. large eno.ugh ta comfor►ably The ztse of carbvn
(AVMA 20071. aGeommodafe ihe equ:ipment, fwo to ihree slaff motzoxide as
meinbers, and the dnimal bein'g eufhanized. (n a method of
Use of carban monoxide cannot be justiPted as a order to prevenf dis,firactions 6nd assure a,smooth, euthanizing
medns to save mone.y, take shortculs, or disfbnce d,ignified, and sche :opemtion, anly ihe people dogs and cats
st6ff emotionally ond physical.ly kom the euthanosia clireclly involv.ed in eutiianasip should be in the room in shelters is
process. Studies have sliown thaf corbon monoxide when procedures are being perforrried. Z672CLCCeptal7lC Gli[e t0
; is actually rriore expensive than euthanasia by mziltiple hzcmane,
injection (F6kkeriia 2009; Rhaades 2002). Ir rokes It is important thdt the euthonasia room is properly operatzonal, tl7zd
longer than euthanasia by injeclion ond hasnoi been equipped in order for a safe and humane procedure S~ifeoi concer12s.
showh to provide errrotional benefits for staff. Some to fake place: This equipmeni musi include a►able
41
Guidelincs fnr Strzndia~ds oFC:rrre in Ani»ral Shelters `
ihat can be reodily disin(ected, good light source, records musi be mairnained in accordance with
a universal microcfiip scanner, hair clippers, federal, state dnd local regulations, including Drug.
stethoscope, a variely of needles and syringes, EnforcemeN Administralion (DEAj regulations.
toumiqueis, muzzles, and restraint equipment: All controlled (DEA Schedu3e) drugs musl be kept
Scales for accurate weighing should also be seaired ln a manner consistent with state artd
available. A new needle should be used for each federal regulation,
onimal; multiple uses bluN Ihe needle and cause pain (Rhoades 2002). 4. Steeff T'raieting Alf staff ponfcipating in euthanasia must be
The eulhanasia surface should be cleoned be(ore provided wilh 4he proper firaining, fdeolly, thase who
every -procerlure. The euthanasia room and administer diugs should be cerfified dnd irdined
' equipment should be cleaned and disinfected by a licensed veterinarian, a certified or Ijcensed
a$er every euthonasio period. Staff per(arming veterinary technician, or a certified euthanosia
euthanasia should weor protective gormenfs, which technician or trainer. Regulafions stipulating who
must be removed beFore going an to other animal moy provide training or supervise eufhanasia vary
care octivities. from state lo.state and may vary regionany; shefters
are required to act in accordance with siqte and
Animols shoufd not be permitted to observe or hear federal regulations.
the eulhanasia of another onimal, nor permiited
to view ihe bodies of dead animals. Puppies and Euihanasia training in specific techniques: must
kitteru with their mothers are an exception. When include the obiliiy to access aNemative injection
selectecJ for euthanasia, mother onimals should be sites; handle various spedes, assess behavior
• euihanized prior:to fheir offspring so thattheywill not and' temperament. for proper animal handling and
be distressed at.being separaiecl Erom their litter, or ved(y death by mulfiple meihods. Trpining for field
by seeing the puppies or kiffens depd., The puppies euthanasia should also be provided, 7he euthanosio
and kittens shouid be, eutha.nized immediaiely techniUqn and the assisting staff must be pra.ficient
foflowing the mother(Sinclair 2004). in animal handling ond resUoini in order to avoid
creaiing a sfressful sifudlion for the. oniriiolS ds well
3. Record Keeping and os the staff performing lhe procedures. Rettaining
Canfrolled Substances and recertificafion should be provided periodically,
A record log to document each onimal's with support services olfered to stafP to prevent.or
identificaiion, amount of euthanasia solufion and manage suffering from grief, compassian fatigue,
pre-eufhanasio drugs received, dispensed and depression or o.iher physical ond emotionol reacEions
remaining as well os the identily o( the person refated io performing the procedures. _
perform.ing the procedure must be kept. All drug
42
. Spay/ncri7er
Spay and neutering
' -
Animal shiplters should require ihat cats and dogs (if uvailoble) 6s well os the copaciiy of fhe surgery AY?ZM[1ZSheZtCYS
vyho pre gdopled inlo homes be spayed or achedule (looney 2008). Pqtients undergoing SI?OZiIGL~YeG'2LtI`e tIldt
neutered (AVMA 2009; Looney 2008; Kusiritz elective.surgery should be in gaod. fiealth ahd free cats rtnd do s who
2007).. Considerqtion must be given 1o individual from. signs of infectious or other disease. However, ~tre ddo~pte~t72to
animal heolrh or circumstances Ihqt would c,redte vetsrinatians must weigh the risks and benefits of ~lomes be spayed or
1he neecl foi an ezceplion. Surgical sterifiza}ion spaying and neuleriny p6lienis with mlld in{ecfious 11eutC7'Cd.
(spaying or neutering) pnor tb reletise to odopters, , or non-infoctious medicbl condit;ons in the cantext
including kiftens and puppies as young as 6 weeks of the animal shelter,. where fulure opportunities For
old, remains the most reliable and effective meons that animal ta receive cars may not be available
of preventing unw¢nted reproduGion of cats and the altemative outcome may be euthanqsiu.
and, dogs and decreasing their birthrates tAVMA Afthough some cQnditions may incrsase fhe risk
2009a; AVMA 2009b; looney 2008; Kustr'itc of complicatipns, the benefits of neutering likely "
2Q07j. When prompt praplacement.surgery is nol ouhNeigh these risks. in an animal shelter. Cats and
available and other spqying or neutering programs dags who oie pregnont, in eslrus, or have pyometra,
(e.g„ vouchers) ore implemented, these programs as well as ihose with mild upper respiratory diseose,
should inclucle on effective method of followvp can be safely spayed or neulered in most coses
to confirm thqt the surgery has been completed. (Appel 2004; Looney 2008). A llet@Tt1Zll7'Zl112
Allowing'shelter animals to.breed is unoccepfable. YIZZISt 771.dkB thG'
2. Surgery and Anesthesia final decisiort
Spbying or neutering cats and dogs owaiting Appropriate housing musl be provided for each 7"BgllrGlrlJZg
odoptiort for more than o few weeks is sirongly animol 6efore ancJ ofker surgery (loortey 2008). dcceptunce of
recommended as the rapid decline in spraying, Enclosures must.be secure.and provide tl flat surface any pdtient f07'
marking, and Nghting and the elimination of heat ihal is clean, dry and warm with adequate space for 5Zt3"gCiy
behavior nnd pregnanry; which ean be expected the animal ro lum around, while albwing For safefy
following spaying or neuteririg (Hort 1973; 1997; at various s►ages of sedation and anesthesia ond
J.ohnston 1991), will reduce animal' stress (Griffin good visibiliy by the, staEf. Animols who are feral
2009a). or difficuit b handle shoukl be housed in enclosures
that allow for administration of anesthetics wilhout
1. Veteriraary fVied'aeal extensive hbncJling, and they sho.uld be retumed
Guodelines )o their enclosures when adequotely recovered_ but
Defailed guidelines foe spaying or neutering prior to becoming alert (Griffin 2009c; lcioney
progr(ims have been published (Looney 2008). 2008). Ideally, ddgs ond cais should be housed in
5paying o:r neulering surgery must be perFormed by seporate .oreos.
veterinarians or veterinaty 5tudenrs under the direcl
supervision of a veterinarian in Compliance with alf While surgery is being pe&rmeid, the operating
legal requiremenls (AAHA 2008; AVMA 2008; area must be dedicafed to surgery and contain ihe
Looney 2008). Medical recerd$ must be prepared necessary equipment for anesthesia and monitoring.
for every patienh indica(ing the surgical procedure Infecti.ous disepse conirol musf be practiced to
Qnd anesthesip administer.ed. All controlled preveot transmission among potienls (Looney
subslances must be maintaiRed in accardonce with 2008). Aseptie surgical technique is required and
DEA requirements. separaie sterile instnVments musi be used for eoch
patient. B.alanced anesthetic protocols that include
A veterinarian must make the final decision sedation, the provision :of pPe and post-operative
regcirding 6cceptance af bny patient for surgery analgesia, stress reducfion, musc{e relaxotion
based on physicol eznmination and medical histo[y and .controlled, reversible loss of consciousness,
43
Gurrlelinesfor SnancGrizlr of Cnr•e in Aniiira/ SGelters
I
Allozuing shelter are required (AAHA/AAFP 2007; AGVA 2009; occur within fhe 48-hour per'iod after surgerymust
Id12tmdls to breear is looney 2008). Patients must lie iionitored by be in place (Griffin 2009c; Ldohay 2008):
unacceptdble. irtained persbnnel (ACVA 2Q09; Looney 2008}.
In addition, plans must be in ploce to handle ony 3. I[Ientifjling Neutee'ed Anaevotals
emergenry that mi,ght octur. The use nf o permanent tattoo is strongly
recommended io mock c.dts and dogs ai the .time
In ihe posfoperaiive period, care musl be taken lo of spaying or neutering sutgery (Griffin 2009c;
provide patients.%,Vith a smooili )iansition from the Looney 2008). Rembval of the rip of one of the ears
dhasthetized sfate (Griffin 2009c; Loqney 2008). (or pinna) 'is the occepfecl globql sta_ndard foi'
Patients musi be evqluated immed'tately prior io mdrking or idenii(ying a neutered` free-roaming oi
celease cirid cle6rinstruclionslwrilten dnd verbal) for feral cat (Griffin 2001; Looney 2008); A cerfificale
postoperalive care mu3t be provided. Finally, policies of spaying bt neufering, or other appropriate
for managing tomplitations and emergencies thafi documentation, should be provided fdreacfi animal.
44
Aninrql 7irrntpo)x
Animal Transport
f
Animol shelters moy 6e involVed in Iransport of 1. itesponsibiloties.of Rishs and betaefZl:S
animals lotally, ~9ionally or infernaHonally. The Partecipat6ng endeviducaBs and for all animc~ls
term "animal rransporr" is typically used to opply Oe-gareizaBion af~ected by a
lo programs `in which animals are tronsferred over tl'u7lsportpYORryL77Z
some disf,ancs #rom vne orgonization or fndiv'rdual pJ General must be cdre~tlly
to nnother. Howqver, ihe recommendation§ Clear, direci, communicalion is essentiQl omong ZUCZgIIed.,
in this section should apply cegardless of the those involvecl in any Iransport program. A -
purpose, distqnces or panies involved, as carehil wrilten record of al) involved parties, including
manpgement qnd planning 6re alwc5ys required fo tesponsibilities for eqch, should be kepl in sufFicienf
ensuie animals' comfort and 'safe.iy and rninimize detqil.to allow a trace bock io Ihe animal's origins.
risk of.dise6se tronsrriission. A contact person must ' be identified at each
fransfer point. Ideally, writtLin guidelines that all
For many animals, tinimol transport is a life saving parties can agree to sh6uld be developed IHSUS
measure, bul it also poses risks. Animal transport 2003; PetSmart 2006►_ Guidelines :should address
programs haye Ihe patentiol ha. spreod infeclious medical and behavioral, selecfian criterio, as well
diseases ;plong animal trQn.sport corridors and as transporfalion and destinqtion requirements. For .
to new desfina#ions. The strsss of transport moy interstate tronsport, euRenl robies vaccinatican i.s
increose susceptibilily to infection or increase vi[al an import requir.ement for dogs in all sfates in the
s,h.edding. Risk of exposure to infectious disegse United States. The mojorily of states also requ:ire:
is increased when animals who originple from rabies vaccinafion for wts. A valid C.e.rliFicate of
' . mul(iple sources are transported in_the same vehicle. Velerinary Inspecfion (e.g., health certificate) is
In addition to qHecting the individual animals also required by mosi stdtes. It is. recommended
transported, hansport6tion progrqms may impact Thot transporiers become famil.iar with the import
other ❑nimals dt fihe soutee ond receiying sh"elteis requirements for all deatinatians, which; Eor siates in
in both positive and negtitive ways. TtiereFore, risks the United States, are usually regulated by the state
dnd 6enefits fot all animals affected by a transport Depo.rtmenls of Agriculture and/or Heahh. Alfhough
program must be carefully weighed. Reasonob}e dirline requirements are not legal cequirements
tare and precoutions help minimize the risk, and many air(ines have sQecific requirements for animpl
wel9 planned hanspari programs ton. he vEt}r passengets.
successWl.
b) Responsrbilities at Point of Origin
These standarcls are not intended to:opply b disgster The shelter where [he :animols originate should
si►ualions in which sudden largescale evocudrions ideally have a comprehensive preVerifiye healthcare
are necessqry. Exceptions may be necessizry for progirafi. Animpls destined: for tft.).qsport musf be
trqntport in e,mergenry situafions, whete short-term ~ vaccinatecl priorto or upon intake at the organlzation
compromises may have .to be made; however, pte- of qrigin and sho.uld be treated for intemal and
planning for potential disgsters is recommended e~ternal parasites. In oddition to arry exominations CZedr, dt)'eCt,
to minimize de'viation from crccepted tronsport requireel by stale nr Federal transportafion C07727yZu72ZCQtlOYI
•practices. Compromises should 'not be made When regulafions, all animals being transp.octed must is essetztial among
there is ample bpporlunity ro plan. be :examined wit6in 24 hours of transporl for any Z'17oSe LYl1JDlveGl
. problems. Animals' heolth.and behovio, os koown in any transport
af the source shelter, must be accurately described progrczm.
;
qnd communiwled.
d5 .
Grridelines fnr Standiudr of Crrrr !n flnimal5hcltrrs -
i
Clearly wrilten health retords that descri6e healih bedding should be provided. Animals must be `
status 4nd identify animals (health certificafe, safely and sectirely confined within the encbsute.
rabies ceitificate and copy of shelt& record) must Doors orr. primary enclosures must be: secured io '
. accompony each,. dn.impl. Animals should be prevent accidemol opening. Primary enclosures mu31
' identified by a collar, tag, tqttoo, microchip, or be secured lo prevent movement wifhin the vefiicle
any combination of the.se methods so that Fheir during tr6nspart.
informofion can be motched upon orrival. Iri arder to '
minimize the risk oF infectious disease and optimize Due to increased winercabiliry, extra care mu3t be
welEare, onimals should be. in good health at Ihe lime pmvided when transporting pupp'ies a.nd kittens
of hanspo[t. However, hansportation of animals with including: ' prev.ention of .exposure lo temperolure
iflnass cqn be justified when life-saving resources, e,xtremes; maintenance of adequate, hydro(ion and
such as medical caie and placement opportunifies, nutrition; and protecfion from infeclious disease
qre. avdilable at ihe destination and when measures expasure, during the- transport process, Unless
can be taken durirtg transport to provide for their orphaned, kittens or puppies less than 8 weeks.old
comforl, health, dnd safey. should 6e transpor)ed wilh the mother in a; space
lorge enough for her to lie down on her side wiih
cJ Responsi6ilities During Transport legs extended for comfort and fo facilitate nursing.
Primaqr Enclosure and Occupancy- Tronsporting dnimais urtder 8 weeks old across stale
The live Animol Regulorions (lAR) issued and lines is prohibitecl by some sfdte laws.
maintained by the International Air Tronsport
~ Association [IATA) and the Animal Welfare Act do Animrils should not be sedated unfess recoinmended
not directy apply ta surface hdhsport of shelter by:a uelerinarian becouse this can make them more
animals but they ore.excellent references for.onima) wlneroble to hypothermia, dehydrafron, and,injury.
transportatian. Mony of the recommenclatioRS belaw If animals are sedated; veterinary guidance must be
are derived from khese regulations. provided for their care. 'During transport, animals must have adequate ehicles
space, comfor►oble, errvironmental conditibns, Vehicles must, af minimum, adhere to all Federal nr
and good air qualiy. AdditionQlly, drivers should locgl statutes, recognizing tkat these regulations: m, 6y
be careful to qvoid subiecting animals to sudden not be su$icienf. to ensure animal safery and welfare.
dccelerotion and deceleration stresses, or excessive Crates and cages. musi not be stacked upon each '
Idleta( movemeni (comering), naise or vibration, other in a manner thdt increoses; animal stress and
discomCod, compromises yentilation, :allows Waste
Primary enclosures must be lorge enough far animols material to fall from the eage above into the cag'e
Arlimals irt ta stand 'nnd sit ereci, to `lum around norrnally while ' below, interferes with cnre. `and observation; or
ttdi#pOYt Yi2ust standing, and lo lie in a natural posilion. Unfamiliar hinders emergenry removal.
be observed animais musf nor be transported togelher in the perzodically anzl same primary enclosure, If more than one animal Each primary enc(osute must be positioned in the
allow'ed to rest, is in the prima,ry enclosure, there must be enough animal cargo space in a manner that provides
exerCise, d71d spoce for each occupant to lie down comforta.bly protection .,from the weather and extremes of
zlYtlZate and at the same iime without needing to lie on top of temperature: As in stotionary fpcilities, the ambient
i dBferate eqch othet The enclosure must be sturdy and permit temperafure sho.uld be kepf above 60°F (15.5°C),
tlt ledSt B112Yy adequate ventilption. There should be no sharp and below 80°F 126.6°C) (AVMA 2008a). A
4-6 hours. eclges. Flooring must prevenl injury, discomForf, 6nd Ihermomeler.should be plbced in the animal area of
leakage of fluids into other enclasures. Absorbent the vehicle at the (evel of the animals.(NFHS 2010).
46
ffI7J)77!!~. ~_771J7S~1U77 ~
Fresh qir free of veliicle exhoust fumes musf also be. not be left unotisnded when it may ba defrimenla) to
ensured (CpA 2009). The yehicle, inciu.Oing the their. health ond safely.
catgo spoce, should be heaied and cooled when .
necesspry to provide for normal Ihe'rmoregulotiori Fooc1 musr be provided :ai leasf every 24 houis
( 009). Placirig unconfined or' tethered for adults and more frequenlly For animals under 6
CDA' 2
dnimqls in the bock of an open pickup truck for months old. Caregivers dre charged witli providing
trarisport is unaccepiable ani3 il(egal in many fQr the indiviclual nufritional needs of the animals.
jurisdictions. Parlicular attention musl be po'id Because_of inereased physical siresses; requirements
to provision of shade, rts a vehlcle pdrked in full for food dnd water may 6_- increased during
sun, .even in comfortable temperotures, con mptdly hansport, compared fio normal nutritional needs. IE
exeeed soFe femperoture Ievels. water is nol ayailable ot all tirnes it must be provided
at frequent (at least every, 4 hours) observalion,stops.
Transporter ResRonsibilities
The, vehicle driver or gnimol atlenclant must }iove Animal enclasures must be cleaned and arry litter
suffieient trdining in animal heqlfh, welfare und sctfety 're.placed as often ds necessory tn prevent soiling of
issues to recognize ancJ iespond to 6nimal needs Ihe animals (e_g., vomit; u.rine.or feces). If it becomes
during transport: Although no federal regulotions nesss.spry to remove the dnimbls in order .to. clean,
exist to limit the distqnce of iravel {or componion safeguaids must be in place ta ensure animal safey
animals, risk to an:imal health and welfare increase ond prevent escape.
with the length of the joumey. Eor example, ihe ,
~ Federal 2$ Hour Ltaw requires Ihat, For every 28 d) Responsibilities at Desfination
hours bf inierstafie travel, all livestock be provided Foints of destination mush have enough frained.
at least 5 hours of rest during which they must be personnel ready to receive and evaiuate animals
bfNoaded anc) given Eood and woler (US Code Tille upbn arrival at the destinalion faciliy: Each animol
49 Chopter $05). should receive a documenled physical examinalion
at the time of arrival. VeteFinary eare should be
Alf dogs and cats must be observed ond allowed owiloble on arr'rval for orry anim6l requiring aare.
to rest every 4=6 hours (NFHS 2Q10). In acldition, The faciliy must have odequale housing prepdred Placiizg uyaconfilaed
bdult dogs must 6e allowed fo ,exercise ancl for Ihe arriving animals. The need for isolaiion or or tethered.Rnr.'mals
eliminafe every 4-6 hours. The AWA requires the quarantine of arriving pnimals should be determined 111 tf7e baCk Of aI'i.
driver or animal affenddnf to observe dogS ancl baseca on legol requiremenfs, their healtli status, open pickup truclz
cats as often as circumstances allaw, bur noi less svurce; dnd infectiou8 disedse risk, with due for trarlsport is
tlian once every 4 hoUrs (U5D,4JAPHIS Seclion attention to incubtafion pePiods for pathogens of Zt32aCCep ta6le alzd is
3.90 Gare in transit) : Maximum transport time to an :concem and de7rimental effects of increasing length dls'o ZlIegal in maiay intermediate or final destinatEon sheltershould be no of sloy in the ahelter. jZ6rdSCZtCtZ0Y1S.
more than 12 haurs (NFNS 2010). Animals shbuld -
i
; 47
Guiddi»cr far StnncGnzls of Crtye in Aninral Sbeltrrs Public Health . ~
~
• lt is essential that animol shelters Inke. necessary Personal protective equipment (PPEJ, such as gloves,
precoutio.ns ro protecf the health dnd saFey of 'smocks, goggles, masks, -etc. must 6e provided .
animals, people and ihe environmenf in the shelter by ihe: employer in order to proted emplayees
qs well as in the cQmmunily. An organization's ko.m exposure ro chemicaLdnd biological.agent's
mission should never be achieved at the expense of (QSHA Personal protective equipment). PPE must
pu6lic health and safely. be available in sizes to aecommodate. all staff;
including those with sp.ecial concems such as latex
Animal shelters must mainfain compliance with allergies. Selection of oppropriaie PPE vyiil-be site-
federal. qnd srofe occupalional and safey and task-specific (CDC Guidan(te. for the SelecUon
ieguldtions regarding cliemical, bialogical, and and Use o( Personal ProlectiVe Equipment (PPE) in
physiccil hazards in the workpldce. Organizalions Healthcare 5ettings 2004); therefote n hazord
such ris Genters for Disease Control (CDC), analysis is recammended as parr of a health
Nqtional lnsfitute of Occupational Safety and and safely program. Employees and volunteers
Healfh (NI05H) and Occupational Safeiy and should weor gloves and change them frequently
Health Administration (05HA) produce guidance while cleoning and disinfecting, especfally when
documents for develQping a health and sofey removing anima) waste. Eye protection should be
program (OSNA Fact Sheet Job Sofey qnd wom when wocking with cleaning or dis'infection.
Health'), and for hazarcl specific issues thaf may ba agen.ts (NIQ$H Report Nct. 2007-0068-3042).
relevant lo shelters such as chemicol sofely (OSHA
Assistance for Cleaning Indusrry), waste anesthetic Frequent hqnd-woshing should be stcongly
gos exposure (OSHA Safey and Health' Topics), .encouraged, especially after handling animals
sharps disposal (needles, scalpels, and other shorp and afier removirig PPE. Hands shauld plso be
objects) (CDC "Wor[cbook for... 5harps Safey"), washed before eatirrg, smoking or touching eyes ot
latex allergy prevention (NIOSH Publicotion No. mucus merribranes le.g., :applying cdnloct lenses),
98-113, NIOSH Publicntion No. 97-1 35), asthma Idedlly, hand-washing statians or sinks should be .
prevention in animal handlers (NIO$H Publication easily accessible ro dll visitors, stdff and volunteers
No. 97-116), ond noise exposure (OSHA 6ecause hand-washing is the best way to protect
Occupational noise exposure; NIOSH Publicalion people and animals in the shelter from possible
No, 9671 10f. . disepse trqnsmission (CDC 20]0}.
Exposuie to exc.essive naise (e.g., barking, slamming 5moking shpuld. not be allowed in animal shelters
coge doors, compcessots or other equipment may because of the risk of fire and documen#e.d health
leacl to.:irreyersible hearing loss; fhis cisk is oNen hgzords to humans and animals nssociated with '
under-recognized. :Sound ledels in some :animal - second-hand. smoke (Rief 1998; Roza 20071,
~ Naise abatement shelfers regul6rly ezceed 100 clb (Sales 1997),
mc~terials should be credting a hedlth nnd wel(are issue for both the a. Zoon415eS
utilized in ariimal animols and the employees (NIOSH Report No. Zoonotic diseases pre defined as those.that can
holdingareus, and 2006-0212-3035; Nf05H Report No. 2007- be lransmififed from animals to people. Alf.people
hearing protection 0068-3042). Noise abatement materiafs. should are af risk of infection by zoonotic agents, but those
must be pravicled be utilized in animal holding areas, and hearing who ate immune-compromised are at-'increased
foY employees proteclion must.be provided for employees working risk. Mariy people may nol be aware of their
i worhing in loud in loud environrnents. (5ee section on Facilities for compromised immune status. Immuniy moy be
C3Z111Y0Y1YYleTZtS. information on conirolling nois.e levels.) weakeped due to age, diseq5e, pregnoncy, or
medical freatment.
48
Prrblrt Ilealxb
~ Tfie inFedious disease surveillance ond control To further reduce the risk of zoonotic disease
recommendations to prevent animal-to-onimal transmission, an,mals should not be allowed in areas
transmission discussed. in the section on Medical where food is prepared or consumed (NASPHV
Health and Physical Well-being wiU also aid in 2009).
the prevention of disease iransmission to humons.
Reliabie information on specific zoono6c diseases lnformalion about zoonoiic diseases shoufd be
can be found on several websites (CDC 2009; made ovaifa6le to visitors, odopters and foster- -
ISU Center for foad Securiy and Public Heolth . care providers. As a person's immune srobs is
ZoanosQS Resources 2010,. Seottle, and King privileged medical information the question should
Couniy Zoonotic Disease Program 2010). Shelters not be asked; signage and liierature can be used to
should provide periodic staff and volunteer training communicate rhe increased risk of zoonotic disease
and informaiion on the recognition of potentially for persons who are immunecompramised_ Literature
zoonoric conditions and Ihe means of protecting should suggest that immune-compromised adopters "
others from exposure. Training should also ident(fy , discuss pet selection with healthcare professionals
to whom concems should be: reported and how before odoplion. If inquirfes, are made, shelter staff
to respond when zoonotic disease is suspected ot should refei peopfe ta published guidelines or their
conf.irmed. Idealty, the wrilten infection confrol plan healthcare provider (CDC 2009; PAWS. 2006).
Eor #he shelter should oddress zoonotic concems
ond be avoilable lo all srafF and volunieers' a 2. Animqs-Relceted tnjuries
• model plan for veterinary haspilals has been Each year millions of people are bitten, scratched
~ published_ (NASPHV 2008a). Reporting to stafe or otherwise injured by companion animals. While
human or animaf heahh authorities is required for eslPmates vory widely, researchers agree ihar
some diseases (e.g., rabies, anihrbx,.tularemia, and bite occunences ore underreparted and animal
brucellosu). N is eocli shelter's reiponsibiliy to know bites represent a signiflcant threai fo public health
which 6nimaf diseases are reporlable. A fist.cdn'be (Patronek 2009). Fewer bites are reported from cats
obtained. from ihe stale veterinarian; information on than from dogs; however, a mucli higher perceniage
animal diseases of interesi to public heallh can ba of ccat bites become infectecl compared to dog brtes
obtained from the slate public heahh velerinarian or (Gorcia 1997). Bile and scraich in(eUions cQn
siate epidemiologist. become quite severe, even if tissue trauma appears
minimQl, and may even be faiaf. U is impossible 10
The, public should no1 have unsupervised access predicl which injuries will lead fo serious infeclion.
to areas where animals are isoloted for zoonofic Therefore, all persons injured by an animol should
condilions; sfaff access b those areas should seek medical advice.
be Iimiled. Enclosures of animols wiih suspecfed
zoonotic disease must be clearly morked to indicate Robies is a fatol diseQSe fhat is present in all of the
the condilion and ony necessary precautions. sfates except Hawaii, and is prevalent in many parts
Shelters should institute good prevenlive medicine af iheworfd. Shelter staff must be abfe to idemify
protocols such as prophylactic deworming and poienfial rabies exposures ond understand the
exiemal parasiie comrol to decrease the pofential regulalions that apply ta reporting and managing
for exposure to zoonotic pathogens {CAPC 2008}. bifes b humans and animals. To idenli(y possible
Food and drink should not be consumed in oreas ra6ies exposures, all persons presenting an animol
; where animals ore housed, and use of iiems musl be asked if the animal has bitten anyone wilhin
the public may bring in, such as spill-proof cups; ►he last 10 days or had pny recent contact with
pacifiers, teefhing toys, and baby.boflles should ' wildfife. /1fl incoming animo{s should be exomined
be discouroged in Ihese areas (NASPHV 2009).. for bife wounds; animals who have potentialfy
49
Guidrlrires f07' SGJ/7GGT7ZIJ Of Grrc 1R AI1l77tltl SI9CItel'f
I
HOZiSZt2~ that been exposed fo rabies should be man.agsd in with quesiionable behavior should be thoroughly .
xperience in
requires GLOgS t0 accordance with the NASPHV Rabies Compendium assessed by persons with training ande
be removed by and in consulfotion with state ood loeol health animal behqvior. Al) behavioral concerns should be
ZiSe ofit COYItYOl duthorities (NASPHV 20086). docurriented and discussed with po.tentiQl .oy;ine[s
pole or• cnts to be before adoplion; recommendationsfor manogement
removed using nets Due lo a kigher risk oF exposure, persons who sfiould also be provided.
AY Z'OYIgS f07" dCIt y eoutinely work tivitfi companion dnimals or wildlife
cleaning and care should reteive pre-exposure vaccindlions agoinsf 3. . Emerging Diseases caned
is unacceptable; rabies in occotddnce wilh 'recammendolions of Anta-mecrobieal Resisteenee
altert'tative.houstfzg the.Advisory Commi►tee on Immunizafion Pracfices Emerging and re-emerging diseases (e.g:, canine
must be provided (cDc 2008). To heip controt animal rabies in influenza virus and virulent systemicfeline caliciviius)
for thase animals. Ihe communiy; animal afieliers should vaccinate have been recognized in shelters (Crowford 2005;
for robies prior to qdoprion whenever poss:ible or Hurley 2004c; SchomEvans 2003), Since nearly
require thdt adopted animals recsive vaccinations 73% oE emerging infeciious diseqses' that affect
againsf robies 6Ne(adoption (NASPHV 20086). humons are of an, imal flrigin (Taylor 2001), Qnimal•
' sheffers should monifor for signs of unusual or severe
in order to prevent bites 6nd other animal-associated disease. Early detection can ploy an important role
irijuries, all staff and volunteers should h4ve in minimizing the impad of an etnorging disease on
proper training in basic dnimal hdndling skills, bo►h animaf and humbn health. Coring for muhiple
including the recognition of potentially dangerous species, 'housing anirrials 'from various locations,
kiehdviors. Glear policies must be developed and and hequent introduction of new individuals within
enforced iegarding the manqgement of 'dnimals a population can credte o fovoroble environment for
wilh 6ehaviorol concerns: The cages of animols ihe mutation and spread of pathogens (Pesavento
known 1o be aggressive or potentially :dangsrous 2007). Separation of species, proper population
must be clsorly'marked,to advise courion. These management, and pro.per sanitofian should be
animals should be housed such Ihal slaf( members employed to reduce. tlie risk of development of novel
mn safely provide care without removing the palhogens.
pnimd! From the primary enclpsure (e.g., double-
sided guillotine-separoted runs, ierpl c6l boxes). The deyelopment and spread of antimicrobial
Housing rhat requires dogs to be removed by use of resistance is a serious concern in animal sheiters.
, a cdntrol pole or cois to be removed using nets or Bocteriq are capable of developing tesistance to
A thorough tongs fot daily cleaning and care is unacceptdble; cert6in drugs. In some c6ses, this resistance can be
1321IeSttgatt012 dlternofive housing (e.g., double-sided cages or passed on fio other bacreria, inclucling ihose thot
of individiwl feral caI boxes) musl be provided for ihose animols. cause infecfions in both animals and people. One
CtYCUmStdYtCes The public should be prevenred hom having contact autkireak of mullidrugtesistant Salmoryella in a shelter
1YLtt3t I7C with potentiolly dangerous animals. Access lo caused 49 conFirmed human illnesses, including 10
undertuken befo7'e areos where polenfially dangeraus animols are - hospitalizations (Hurley 20046); oul6teak response
consider•ation held should be restricted; ti staff inembar should included cl.osing the facilify for n period of Ome.
is given to accompany visitors when access Fs necessary: It should also be n.oted that methicillin-resistant
7'2-homing an , st4phylococcus aureus (MRSA), while primarily
dniynal with a Animals believed to be dangerous should nol bq a human pQlhogen, can contaminate public
~ histot'y of biting re-homed. A thorough imestigatiort of individuo) environments an.d infect mulriple animai species,
or threatefttng circ.umstances mus► be undertoken before includin,g cois ond dogs (Baptiste 2005; Weese
behavior consideration is given ta ~e-homing on 6nimal with 2005a, 2005b). Routine use of antibiotics to
a hisiory of biling or threatening behavior. 7hose prevent infecfion in heblthy animals is unacceptdble.
.~a
, ArsblicHca/tb.and Conclusinnr
( and must never be used as a substitule:for good Well-being (or mcsre information on medicol Roztt172e t[s'e of
(i nimol heoUh manogement (AAFP/AAHA 2006). treatment.) d11t1620ttCS t0
{See _section on Medical Heollh and Phys(col PYetielZt t~lfection isa
. hmlthy aiiimals is
unaeceptable ancl'
. must never be iised
G o n c I u s i o n as a substitatte for
. good animul hecclth
The .authors hope th.pf shelters and communities will identify areas Ihdl need improvemenf; pllocafe mlLYl~Zge172ent.
loolc to this document to ensure ihat all animals in resources ancl implement.solutions so welFare is
shehers everywhere are p,ropeily and kumanefy optimized, euthanasio is minimized, and suffering
cared for, regaidless of the sheltees mission or is prevenred. The ASV wi(I review feedback to
circumstcance: The Gui.delines for Srondards of Care these recommendations and revise this document
in Animal Shelters cire inlended as a posliVe tool periodically 7as additiondl information becomes
forshelters and communities io review onimal.care, available.
~
i
St
Gitidelirrer for Standardr of Cnre in Anirrral Sbelters
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horses and humons wko work wilh horses. J i4m vet Med Wajciechowska JI, Newson CJ.: Quafiiy o( liFe assessment
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Weese JS, Peregrine AS, Armstrong J. Occupoltanal
heahb ond safely irt small animal veterin6"ry practice:
Port II - Pafbsiffc xoonoHc chseases_ Can Yetj
2002;43c799=802.
62
. . . . Clossrriy nf Irnns
GIossary of terms
Analgesic - medication to treat pqin _ Group-housing - placement of multlple ahimqls
Animal Welfclte Act - signad into law in in a primdry enclosure
1966. lt.is the,only Federal law in ihe Unired States
that regulcaws ihe Ireatmenf of onimqls in reeearch, incubation period - ihe periocl:oF time from ~
exhib.ition,, transport, and by deolers. It does nol When an animal is first infected with a pathagen
cotier s~helters , uNil clinirnl signs of illness Eirst appear
Antimierobial - b substance. that kilfs or inhibits
the growth of pathogens such as bacferia, ftingi, or Infectious dose- ths number of pathogens
profozoas, as well ps deslroying viruses required to couse infection and disease
. Biov..ctive.- anything ihot hos an effecf pn living Intake - the, point of aclmittdnce..of animals into
tissue the shelter
Cireqdian Rhythm - q:24-liour rycle in the life Infiracardiac (IC) - administered directly into the
processesof onimciis, ofteri used in reference.to " heart
rycfes of light and darkne3s
9ntramuscular (IM) - administered into the
Cohort =.a group Ihat moves to9ethec muscle
Depopulafiion - to significantly redure the tntraperitoneal (iP) -administered inb the
~ numbet of ar3imafs in the she(ter through suthanasia peribneal cavily or abdomen
Disinfection - a process. thatwill kill most of #he Int`ravenous (IV) - administered into a vein
pathogens in a given area. in shelters.a disinfectani '
is usually a chemical Inventory - number oF ani.mqls in the sheltecs
, care; census
Endotoxin- subslances reCeased by or part of
cerrain bacferio, which can have toxic effects on Isoldtian -.a physically separate orea of. lhe
people oi'qnimals sheller useci b house and lreat sick onimals
Enrichment - a process for fieeting the Length of Stay.- periocl of tim2 bn animal is
behavioral nseds of animols by improving lheir under the shelter's:ctirs, kom intake to exit
environment or behovioral care.(e.g., toys,
perches, beds, hiding places, etc.) Longrterm -see °How lo Use:This Documenl"
section
Euthpnasia - to cause the dealh of an animal
using humane techniques.. For purposes of this Pleuter - cemoval of the testicles in a male animal
docume.nt, humdne eukhanasid is occomplished
wilh an intravenous or infraperiloneal infection of o Off-(abel use of a med'rtation - use of
solution of sodium penlobarbital a medication in any way nol inclicated by the
manufaclurer's label '
~ F.omite - an objecl th(jt may become
' confaminated d"nd transmit pafhogens from OSHA - Occupational Safeiy and Healrh
one'onimal to another hands, clothing, Administrotion; Ihe federaf dgenty charged with
equipmeni) enforcement of safely and heahh IegislaHon
b3
Guidclines for Stitrrc(nrds of Crtrc inllninrRl Sbelters
Glossary of terms
~
Pdthogen - a 6iological ogent that may cause Sterilizdtion - desiruction of bll pathogens using
disease~ot illness in an animol heat or chemic6ls; olso used in this, document in'ihe
context of surgical sterilizafion (e.g., spay`or neufer)
Primary enctosure =a re§hict"ed are4 ,
designed to confine qn animal such ps d cage, Stereotypic behaviors - repefit.ive beh:aviors
run, kennel, stall; or pen. In mbst sheltering exhibited in rhe primary enclosure that usually
situdtions, this is where an animbi eais, sleeps, and indictite slress such os circlinq, leapirtg in the di ,
spends the majorily of its time pocing
Quarantine - a separote area of the shelter Stressor - any factor that creates stress
used ta obserye animals for a gpecified, period o.f time to see if they become sick Subc.utaneous (SC) - administered under the
skin
[tandom miwng - hoPhazard plocerrient of
animals originaling from diF(erent groups togelher Surveillante - moniioring of a populolion to
defecl changes in health, behavior, or wel(are
I Be-home - to udopt or pface in a private hqme
setfing Tethering - seCUring 6nimals wi(h a rope, choin
orolherdevice to a fixed point in orrler hi restrict
Rounds - o proce3s of walking thraugh the shelter their movement
~ lo visually observe and monitor Ihe needs, slatus,
health; and well-6eing o( every animal Veterinary professional - a veterinarian,
veterinary technician or veterinary studenf.
Sanitation - procedures oE cleaning and ' disinfection lo remove dirt ond control and destroy Veterinary
supervision - o veterinorian
pathogens in the environment watches over and provides guidonce over
designdted tdsks;. may or may not involve daily
Socialization - a proces.s of familiarizing involvement or on- site presence of the veterinaripn
, onimols with a variely of slirrmuli, including direcl
coNact between animals and humans during Iheir Zoonotic - ar7y irrfectious disease that cdn !ie
crifical period of early developrrient; m6y'dfso refer fransmiited from non-human animals lo hUrrians.
lo flnimals of any age spending lime with one
anotirer
Spay - removal of Ihe ovories in female animals;
may or maynot include removal of the uter.us ~
64
t
( .
J .
Association of Shelter Veterinar€ans
a
~OB 'h
Tacoma & Pierce County ~
2608 Center Street
Tacoma V1/A 98409
Juiy 27, 2011
Dear Council Members,
Paul Wolif Pumilia, M.D., AVHS Presiderrt and Dr. Emily Purvis, DVM and several members of
the Au6urn community toured our facility in March and met with deputy Director Denise
- McVicker and me as they developed a budget and operations plan to set up a non profit anima[
shetter to serve the citizens of Auburn. They have subsequently shared the draft of their
contract proposal to provide sheltering and adoption seryices far Auburn.
Having reviewed their projected budget and their contract proposal, it is our opinion that they
have developed a realisuc budget and have a good understandir~g of what is needed to operate a
sheiter. We have offered to assist in an advisary capacity as needed, and this has included
revlewing their contract proposal, lt is. comparable to the contractx the Humane Society has
with the City of Tacoma, Pierce County, Lakewood, Federal Way and University Piace.
Sincerely,
Kathleen Oison
Executive Director
Humane Society for Tacoma & Pierce County
(253) 284-5850 -
kathleeno(cD-thehumanesociety.org
CITY OF
AGENDA BILL APPROVAL FORM
~ WASHINGTON
Agenda Subject: Date:
Profes"sional Services A reement-Aubum Valle Humane Socie 8/17111
Department: " Attachments: Budget Impact:
Muman Resources '
Administrative Recommendation:
City Council to adopt Resolution 4747
Background Summary:
An agreement entered into between the City of Auburn and the Aubum Valley Humane Society to serve
as the City'sAnimal Control Authority in the operation of an animal shelfec
S0906-1
Reviewed by Council & Committees: Reviewed by Departrnents & Divi§ions:
❑ Arts Commission COUNCIL COMMITTEES: ❑ Building ❑ M&0
❑ Airport 0 F'inance ❑ Cemetery ❑ Mayor
Hearing Examiner 0 Municipal Serv. . ❑ Finance ❑ Parks
❑ Human Senrices p Planning & CD ❑ Fire ❑ Planning
❑ Park Board p Public Works O Legal ❑ Police
p Planning Gomm. ❑ Other ❑ Pu61ic Works ❑ Human Resources _
❑ Information Services •
Action:
Committee Approval: ❑Yes ❑No
Council ApproVal: DYes ❑No Call for Public Hearing
Referred to Until
Tabled Until
Councilmember.__Peloza Staff: Heineman
Meetin Date: Se tember 6, 2011 Item Number:
AUBURN * MoRE TxAN Yov IM-AGuvED
RESOLUTION NO. 4 7 4 7
A RESOLUTION OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF AUBURN', WASHINGTON; AUTHORIZING
THE MAYOR AND CITY CLERK TO EXECUTE AN
AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE CITY OF AUBURN
AND AUBURN VALLEY HUMANE SOCIETY (AVHS)
FOR ANIMAL CONTROL SERVICES
WHEREAS, the City of Auburn has a need for animal control services; and
WHEREAS, the Auburn Valley Humane Society (AVHS) is able to
provide those services at a cost that is acceptable to the City; and .
WHEREAS, it is in the public interest for the City to enter into an
agreement with AVHS for animal control services.
NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF AUBURN,
KINGCOUNTY,INASHINGTON, HEREBY RESOLVES as follows:
Section 1. The Mayor and City Clerk are hereby authorized to execute
an Agreement befinreen the City of Auburn and Auburn; Valley Humane Society
for animal control services which agreement shall be in substantial conformity
with the agreement attached hereto as Exh.ibit "A" and incorporated herein by
this reference. -
Section 2: The Mayor is hereby authorized to implement such
administrative procedures as may be necessary to carry out the directives of this legislation.
Resolution No. 4747 August 17, 2011 '
Page 1 of 2 -
Section 3. This resolution shall be in full force and effect upon
passage and signatures hereon.
Dated and Signed this ~ day of , 2011.
CITY OF AUBURN
PETER B. LEWIS, MAYOR
ATf EST:
Danielle E. Daskam, City Clerk APPROVED AS TO FORM:
.
Daniel B. Heid, City Attorney
Resolution No. 4747
Augusf 17, 2011
Page 2 of 2 _
PROFESSIONAL SERVICES AGREEMENT - ,
BETWEEN TgIE CITY OF AUBURN AND ,
'I'HE AUBURN VALLEX HUMANE SOCIETY
This Agreement ("Agreement") is entered into by and between the CTTY OF AUBURN,
a municipal corporation of the Sta.te of Washington (hereinafter referred to as the "City") and the
AUBURN VAI,LEY HUMANE SOCIETY, a Washington nonprofit corporation, whose
address is 4910 "A" Street SE, Auburn, Washington (hereinafter referred to as the "AVHS").
f;~~~;.. .
WITNESSETH; that in consideration of the mutual promises;%c~ovenants and agreements
contained herein, the parties hereby agree as follows:
1. . AGREEMENT FOR SER ES
CITY OF AUBURN ANIMAL CONT]AftOL ~~UTHORI~'Y
. . 0r f~ .r. l.fjf 5
. . . ~ l~i..
~ ~f
; ✓ ~ tr t contain d herein torserve a~s ttheoC e's VAnimal C o rtr~'1 Authonty, in the oonditi
era.tison~o~f~an oanimal
shelte"r available to a ro riate Cityem lo ees 24 ho ju'~frs'per d~y '`f i y p k, located in
pp p ~ p y , f, seven da s er ~vee ,
a Gity-owned building at 4910 "A" Sfreet SE, AuburnWashi , n~gton legally described in E~ibit
"A" atta.ched hereto and incorporated herein by reference. The~;facilities available to the AVHS
to carry on a11 activities authorized in tYu'sfAgreement sha11 her,reinafter be referred to as the
- ~i ''ff.~•. r ffJ~~i rr
cc
Shelter.» The City reserves the right, andAVH:Sfacknowledges~the~ City's right to sell animal
licenses. ~rn ~j • ~ f: ~~"Jrfr.~ .
' ~rrr, ~,;~r' -..;;,~;r~~ r~,~,; r•
.~'a?f..S`.
Licensing services;,vcnll~;b,e,. the responsibility of the,~ity and include the operation and
,r.` ' ~~~'rs; .
maintenance of a unifi fed system to~,license pets •r:.~.in the City. AVHS will be expected to play a
maj or role in mark@#uigS-elling p~icenses. The': Ci~ty,~ will be responsible for the licensing and
licensing renewal prograinw:~-
. rr~i,.:;rr • r;.~.+'`,.~'~.r'}r f,
The,p urcfiase `et hcenses in erson at the AVHS, as well as at Ci
''"~'~fwillrbe able to
iiblic , p p p ty
' " ~f
sites, and other locations;throu flr-
ghout~;t}ie City. The City will maintain on its website the capacity
ff r: r••,~~~;; ~for regidents to purchase petl,ricensesrqn-line.
fFirr,: rJFrf; . ~
The%City will maintainfa data.base of pets licensed, owriers, addresses and violations and
~.~:f•r.
this informationfshall be madefavailable to AVHS, as requested, to the extent permitted by law.
II. TERM OF AGItEEMEN'I'
This Agreemeiit sha11 commence on the day of , 2012, and shall
expire on the 31 St day of December, 2019. If AVHS is not then in default of this Agreement,
AVHS sha11 have the right to an exfension of the Agreement for an additional seven (7) years
under`the same terms and eonditions, except as otherwise mutually agreed upon. Provided, that
the parties shall negotiate modifications to those fees and assessments contained in Article III of
this Agreement, and any facility restorations, improvements, 'or upgrades that result from the
evalua.tion of facility conditions, potential improvernents, or alterations, including agreement
upon how such restorations, improvements, or upgrades sha11 be paid. Notification of AVHS's
L:\Council Actions12011120110817 AVHS draft clean.doc '
8.3.2011 ,
Page I of 22
intent to exercise. their right to renew this Agreement must be issued by the AVHS to the City by
formal written notice, not latei than one yeaz prior to the expiration of the initial term of this
Agreement.
III. AVHS FEES
The 'City Fees shall be paid to the AVHS by the City as follows: In return for services provided by AVHS , as described in this Agreement, the City shall pay to
s~.:
AVHS a11 licensing reveriue received by the Gity, with a miriimu.m%feeyqf two hundred forty
thousand dollazs and zero cents ($240,000:00) during the first yea~r,~~~f this Agreement. Payments
by the City to AVHS, shall be made quarterly in the amount ofr;tlie one quarter of the minimum
, ~.f~ . -.~'~,f
annual payment amount, and shall be paid not later than Janua,~ 1, April~lJuly 1 and October 1,
of each year of the Agreement At the end of each year o~`the~A`greemen,h~City shall calculate
the total amount of licensing fees received. by the~C~tyf dunng that year; ;Yand shall make an
additional payment to AVHS not later than Januar:q.;~15 of tl~e:following year~inffthe~,amount of
such license fees received in excess of the rnin'~'~'um%annual payment amount, For. each
•
subsequent year of this Agreement, the minimum annual:. amounf'rshall increas e~by an amount
equal to the previous year's annual Seattle-Tacoma=Bre e~rton CPI-W (August to August) with a
. Y,rlrrrlrr
miriimuni increase of 0% and a maxim {u ~increase of three'pe~c~ernt (3.0%). All monies paid to
AVHS shall be used for the operation of thegF~1'himal shelter.
kow{,
r~ /
IV. OPERATIONS AND;-SERVI
'Cf %
f~ ! j~% ".:1~,~fr,~ •
~rr. .
A. The
/r- .~.~'fjfrr~ 1
!f
J. 1. r!'~~F;urnish, maintain, and employ,,staff for. suita.ble sheltering and for the
handling of stray;{,~,unpoundedand unwanted companion anima1s turned over to, the
AVHSfI~y~t~.h~etCrty oirits~~r'esidents;that~i~n~ lude the general care, cleaning and nourishment
of cofiipani;on~fazumalsrtuined over'to'the AVHS by the City or its residents. AVHS
• r~ ~ ..r,.
se~ces provided`jto ammals.• will include enrichment, exercise,: care and feeding, and
r, ~:sonably necessiy~medical'attention. Companion animals are specifically defined as
~rea
` do 's cats, domesticf birds, domestic rabbits and small domestic rodents. - Companion
gW} f,
animal~ secifically ~exclude livestock (horse, cows, pigs, sheep, goats, . fowl, etc.),
reptiles;and wild or exotic anima1s. The Premise shall include cat kennels; dog kennels,
and runs, tas`ffwell as %~facilities for the humane disposal of sick and injured companion
~ animals. The~facili
ty will provide disposal (rendering or cremation) services for aazumals
f~: rrr•
deceased upon funval or during the time of sheltering. Impounded animals, awaiting
disposition byr:the courts will be held until such time that the court reaches_ final
disposition of the case.
2. Keep the Shelter staffed and open for the purposes of receiving compaiuon
animals and allowing such animals to be redeemed during regular business hours. (it is
AVHS's intent to maintain at least 24 regular business hours per week depending; on.
staffing and budgetary considerations); PROVIDED THAT AVHS sha11 esta.blish and
maintain 7-day per week, 24-hour per day access for City of Auburn Animal Control
L:\Council Actions\2011\201 I0817 AVHS draft clean.doc
83.2011
Page 2 of 22
Officers ("ACO(s)") to drop off companion animals or cazcasses outside of normal
shelter hours. -It is understood that this does not include responsibility for care of sick or
injured companion animals outside of normal Shelter hours.
Provide licensing services for animals adopted or impounded at the Shelter whose owner ?
resides within the geographic bouridary limits of the City of Auburn. The license service
will be provided during normal business hours, with no time limita.tion. Th,e AVHS shall
- maintain complete and adequate records of all licenses issued and shall prbvide a timely
report to the City listing the name and address of the licenseepand a description of the
animal licensed. -Money will be receipted to the City's vendor~forrthe collection of the
licensing fees in accordance with the provisions of the licensmg agent's agreement with the City. A00
• , f,~r 1
rr~, Pf!f~4~ •
r.rr
3. Provide orientation and training to/,kCO(s) an d otlier:. City staff regarding the Shelter and its admissions policies, prdctices "and other operations. as
aPProPriate.
; s `'rr -f s%'`%')f ;
r ~
~jf~%i- /~f • . .
fr~f%:i, ll
4. Maintain complete records of aruxnals re.ceived and anima1svdisposed of on
behalf of the City. The AVHS agrees to make its',r`ecords of investigations available for
the City's inspection at reasonable- times, and to provide, within reason, such other data
as the City requests: The AVHS will~,,a.ke available t~tliCity, all work-related records
and documents for inspection, or e~aluafion~ during norinal{business hours in order to
~rr>,%f.•'r.v..
assess performance, compliance and/ror qualityfassurance u~der this Agreement.
f j f5. AZ1H5;agrees to provide~a'report
, seriai`='annually to the City, which report
, . ~r
sha11 include informatiom,.~~r;pertaining to the;work and services undertaken pursuant to this
-r.. ~ •.f..r~.:
Contract and~ul formation o,n~operations.
f ~~f
6. Provid'e;~a.eeess•'to.'ccdmputers""for the ACO(s) to enter data into th6 database
rl:rr~l'/~ix
softvt~a.re ~forr,a"riimals picked up by ACO('s).
~ j. "'f~`f~F~ "'.i:~'.~•.
!"f
"a1', ii
7 T Aarg ~ d animoperating capacity at the Shelter is 50. per day. If the
nunlber of animals c,exceeds AVHS s capacity as determined by applicable standards,
AVH.S;:will make all 1-11orts to reduce the population through adoption, foster care, other
humane rr o~cieties or ~other appropriate means. The City and AVHS will take steps
through its fopferating,policies, codes, public fee structures and partnerships to reduce the
number of an'unals'~and their length of stay in tlie Shelter, and may at times limit owner-
~
surrenders and ~eld pick-ups, adjust fees and incentivize community-based solutions.
~
8. Maintain a volunteer/foster care coordinator to encourage use of
volunteers working at the Shelter and use of foster families to provide
fostering/transitional caze between Shelter and.permanent homes for adopta.ble animals,
thus reducing pet population in the Shelter.
L:\Council Actions\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
8.3.2011
Page 3 of 22
9. Maintairi an animal placement specialist at the Shelter to provide for and
manage adoption events and other activities leading to the placement of animals in
appropriate liomes.
10. One veterinarian andlor one veterinary technician will be scheduled to
work at the Shelter, during normal business hours as defined in Section IV A 2, above.
On days that the veterinary technician is working, a veterinarian will visit the Shelter to
conduct necessary business and check on the condition of the. Shelter. Veterinary
services provided include animal examinations, treatment&fand m.inor procedures,
spay/neuter and other surgeries for ariimals accepted by tlie shelter ~st,
11. All adopted animals will be neutered or/sp yed~-P / ~f l
~'~f %`l . .
l, r
f f ! 't;~'~~~f
12. Dangerous animals will be confuied as AVHS determines is
r f~ r frappropriate/necessary. ffr rrf{;~~,
13. Disaster/emergency prepar~c3ness for anunals will be coordiria.fed through
the City's Office of Exriergency Preparedness.
,
14. AVHS,-agrees to dllow one City representa.tive, appointed by the Mayor, to
sit on; and be a voting member offits{Boazd of Directois; subject to approval by AVHS -
pursuant to its bylaws. ,
f•llf lr'tf" ~l'rljr' lff
~ ,r ? l.✓f r, 15. AVHS shall retain al~: adoption,U'oazd;' and other non-licensing fees `
~ fr, , r
collected from the •~iublie,';for anirrials accepted into theiShelter.
x'~f".1
16 r`rAVHS will;~~rePare an annual; oPerations Plan which will include a
rrr r;.,
description of on 'g,~o,. „Ping aehNvities~in support<of AVHS activities, and which shall include
marketing, promotion fand" supp'qrt fact~,v.itfes intended for the following year to sell pet
✓'f..
licen`ses,m.cooperation with the Crty f~F
r v. ,~f
fr~f %'`~~';rl,.~ r r✓ ~%,'~'r
rVA:B, . The AVHS~sha11 establis~` all prices for services provided by AVHS in the
Shelter,''subject to the nglitf.of thefCity to periodically review the price schedules for a11
f.;~
operations to:,e`nsure competitive pricmg with other animal shelters.
'<r•{~;f, cr`~'
C. AVHS rifay not subcontract all or any portion of the Shelter without City
. . ,
~
'J~t.VI'J df' ~
permission.
J.
D. All extenor signs and graphics placed upon or affixed to the Shelter shall be
subject to the prior written approval of the City, which approval shall not be unreasonably
withheld, conditioned or delayed. The AVHS shall submit detailed plans and secure any needed
permits/approvals for all" exterior signs. In all cases, signage shall be consistent in size, -color,
lettering and theme to the Shelter design and regular City signage and specifications, and in
accordance with a11 governmental regulations.
E. The City agrees to do the following:
L:\Council Acdons\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
83.2011 Page 4 of 22
1. Review and set, after consulting with AVHS, the City fee schedule for
licensing, to include late payments and fines.
2. Review and update a11 City codes involving animal services.
3. Provide the AVHS all licenses and licensing material for the City:
F. The City is responsible for emergency care of any anim,al it impounds. The City
will be responsible for payment of care rendered on impounded aniirial`"s:,taken by the City to
•
veterinary clinics by its ACO(s) regardless of time of day: Stablei~atumals will be accepted by
AVHS 24 hours per day from the ACO or designated Citymplofyee acting as tlie ACO.
Determination of animal condition, stable yersus critical, will -be madrefby the ACO or acting
~,r, 'f. .
representa.tive. If tlie ACO is unclear as to the animal's ~`oYudifion, the aYUmal shall be. presented
to a veterinary facility for assessment at the City's epense'' Standard of%~care for impounded
critical animals is to stabilize and provide paui,n"'~aagement. If these standards,canribt be
reasonably met, then the animal shall be hum.irely ~~~`tharuzefd f#fflThe attending fvet rinarian . is
responsible for this determination. •.~f'~~~. ~~li'`~ rs •~',,a~r,~ .
V. RESERVED RIGHTS`~
frr
f 1 Jfi`s ' "~1,~"fd
t 1'f~1f/!
In the areas listed below, the City reserves~and shall have the;nght at any time to establish
, ff ~~~f1Pf~~J, fpr~
necessary, reasonable rules and regulations tprovid'ed;t`~iat, the. shall give thirty (30) days
'written notice to AVHS prior to imposing such~ule,r`,./s`~and regnilation:
sff;; " •ryf
- A. Generally appl cable`laws, such as anunal control, zoning, and building codes.
rr.~ . ~ .
B. The City shal~rlrenall rights to ymake improvements to the Shelter to enhance
access or use Pri,or to commeryc~ig ~any;~fsuch i~mgrovements, the City shall give the AVHS not
less than tlurty~ (30~ dayslprioi w~ntten notice of~the nature and schedule of such improvements in
order fo~~,~AVHS to rek ie{wan d coent on the proposed improvements. The City sha11 review
and du~(y~;,consider the comments of th&;fAVHS and other relevant information prior to making a
fina.f"deci`s"_ion regarding the'completion~of the improvements. The City shall use its best efforts
'
to til..1`~`•~di 11, ' minimizesruption, construction-related dust, and to otherwise not interfere with AVHS7s
f f;~, f~
operations in ttiefShelter. ff,
~ fi .
:
C: Animal~~Co~itrol Services sha11 be the responsibility of the City and includes
staffing and equipping•-a i~mal services activities, the dispatch of ACO(s) in response to ca11s, and
the handling of ca11s in the field by: AGO(s); including the collection and delivery of animals to
the Shelter. The AVHS will ensure that the shelter is available to the City ACO(s) 24 hours per
day for sta.ble animals that are not in need of emergency care.
' L:\Council Actions\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
8.330T1
Page 5 of 22
VI. SECURITY SERVICES
Any electronic security. measures of the Shelter shall be the responsibility of the AVHS.
VII. UTILITIES
The AVHS shall pay for all utility charges. Utility charges include charges for water,
sewer, electricity, Metro utility, natural gas, phone, data and garbage. The City shall provide
physical infrastructure for phone and data lines to the Sfielter:
VIII. CAPITAL IMPROVEME .,'iS,
A. The City' shall provide the AVHS $
toward the completion of the tenant improvements as outline'd in Exlub11."B." If the tenant
/"✓!'i ~J - f~`'ff?l
improvements in Exhibit "B" exceed the City's contriliution, Sthe AVHS shall;be responsible for
any additional costs.
/~Yi="j,• .r`~j.,Y'J '
, 9" •~f
. rp'f~i~ - - l~~
If the tenant improveinents in Exhibit "B" are completed `and~tli'ere"'`axe additiona1 funds available,
the AVHS may use those funds to purchase additional%tenant improvements for the Shelter,
provided that any such expenditures r::shall be itemized`ffand documented, and that; upon
~.~r~
termination or cancellation of this Agree~e1; f~all.tenant improvemenfs shall remain at the Shelter
. . f,,,r?.-~,dfi;;~~-•~' ~1>.••~l~
and shall not be available for the AVHS t~;>take;prrremove u on tlieytermination or cancellation
of this Agreement.
' j~• ,r~;rr `r..'!'}ff,r{;f~fJ
rfi:•:•..
Any tenant improvemdi~t~-":r listed in Exlubrt "B" ;qfji purchased from the City's
$ shall. become the proPem, of the
,
City upon terminat~o". ri ;ror{fexpiration of this Agrfeement. The AVHS shall not be required to
remove or pay the cost of}removal~'of any alterations; fixtures, or tenant improvements identified
in-Exhibit "B", at the expuahon or earlier.terminatf`on of the Agreement.
l~r','~%~iP✓~f,~r,iS'~?~f.yr ~ fr
...P,f
B~r`The Ciid AVHSiagree to meet prior to March 1, 2012 and review the status of
fr,:,, :,~f ff,:: •F:~~f fr.
AVH:ompleting the:foll:owing benchm
,r r .;f,. rt••f~';;;1: , ,r
AVHS~%raises enough money to meet estimated start up costs, of . one
hundred',?'seventy-six tYiousand dollars and no cents ($176,000.00), which can include a
combinati n~r;of cash/~;'; ~equipment and supplies. Provided, that if AVHS does not raise
F'+~~~j `.`.~f .
enough mone.y;~to~meet the estimated start up costs, the City shall advance an amount up
to $176;000 again'st future fees paid to AVHS, which amount shall be deducted from the
City's future payments to AVHS over a 24 month period commencing year three of this
agreement. 2. AVHS will provide, for the City's review, a formal business plan to
include a description of on-going activities in support of AVHS activities, which shall
include marketing, promotion, and support activities intended for the following year to
sell pet licenses in cooperation with the City; fund raising plan; volunteer
groups/organizational structure; animal adoption plan; animal rescue plan; and shelter
L:\Council Actions\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
8.32011
Page 6 of 22
opera.tions plan. These documents - can be provided to the City earlier for review a.nd
comment.
C. AVHS will hire a Director and have a formal governing board in place.
D. AVHS shall, prior to commencing formal plarining for any facility alterations,
improvements or construction (interior or exterior), submit to the City's Director of Human Resources and Risk/Property Management, a concept proposal paper including preliminary
sketches of such work. If approved by the Director, the AVHS may.ftn submit, to the City in :
writing, formal plans for alterations, improvements, and constructionfal'brig•,with a breakdown of
costs for such improvements.
,~'`i,~`;~•'~%`'
E. All plans submitted are subject to the approvaV°of the City,prior to commencement
of any alteration, improvements or construction. The City;:agre~s to proriiprt7y review sa.id plans,
r~~~ r•-f.,, •rr,.~.
and if. the alterations, improvements, and construction%are acceptable, to promptly approve the
same, and the plans as approved shall be attached<<t;o an.exec,uted copy of tlusr~gr~ment and
incorporated, herein. • x;t, µ r,; /%'r•'.
~f~`l'~ °r F. %
F. All work performed sha11 be done to the sdtisfaction of the City. The AVHS shall
be resPonsible for obtaining a11 goverrimental permits and~&eting all code requirements and
.~f,.~...
sha11 submit copies of the saine to therCitJyh.or its representahve prior to commencing any
construction on the Shelter. f
• ;f. f '
~
'rr~~~'~, f G. The City may~conduct inspections {f~any capi,
~~~;t~ ~provement work at any time to
assure itself that such work;is;uifaccordance vihththe plans;~approved by the GiTy. In the event
~d f'v ~.r .r
any such work is notaccording%;,plans as then approved by the City, the City shall send a
Notice of Non-Cor,- li~auce to the~VHS. In th`'g~event the AVHS fails to make corrections
witliin twenty (20) days after, the A~UHS s receipt ~such Notice of Non-Complia.nce, the City
~~''...r',f~?.~r...
may make wh~e~ver correc~ons~ ecessary ftofb~~nisuch work into compliance with the plans as
approved, a~dr.sliall~cli~,arge the A~;VHS for alI'reaonable costs of such corrective work.
` ,:.;r ff-,r,f ;r;i ,
~f fff'r'~t.~f%.f.fl.`. i:
All alterations), improvements, and construction sha11 become the ~property of the
;
. AORE
r.'r. .,,rr...~. r~~
City upon;r~.t~e~rmination or expiration~of this Agreement and sha11 be installed solely at the
AVHS's expense unless the'`,,Gity expressly agrees in writi.ng to conlribute towazd the costs
thereof. Notw~ttistanding any,provision fo the contrary contained herein, upon termination of
this Agreement, 'A,V~iS shalLfhave the".right to de=identify the Shelter by removing a11 brand-
identity elements suc'f.~1~~,;,Xas;{proprieta "ry signage, custom ligliting, trade fixtures, and personal
property related to thefAVHS's brand.
ff
r .
IX. CUSTODIAL/MAINTENANCE
A: AUHS sha11, at all times, keep the Shelter in a neat, clean, safe and sanitary
condition, and in compliance with all applicable codes and laws. AVHS shall furnish all
cleaning supplies and materials, other expendable supplies, such as light bulbs, needed to operate
the Shelter in a manner prescribed in this Agreement, and provide a11 necessary janitorial
services to adequately maintain the Shelter. The City or a representative of the City may inspect
L;\Council Actions\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
8.3.2011
Page 7 of 22
,
the Shelter at any reasonable times to ensure that the terms and conditions of this Agreement are
being complied with.
B. The City shall maintain the building structure (including roof; structural elements,
exterior wa11s, doors and windows), foundation, Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning
(HVAC) system, electric power lighting panels, fixtures and distribution circuits, plumbing
system, including plumbing fixtures; provided, that any damages or repairs to any of the above-
described building structures which are the result of the AVHS's negligent or intentional aets
shall tie tlie responsibility of the AVHS.: The AVHS shall maintaxn the landscaping. The City,
p~a`~trfons and. employees, the .
shall provide and AVHS sha11 maintain for the use of the AVHS, its,4
parking lots on the Shelter property. To the extent reasonably necessary, the City shall endeavor
fr,.~rr.+'fs
to remove accumulations of snow and ice from the parking lotr`AVHS'shall endeavor to rernove
snow and ice from the walkways leading to the Shelter.
fl;
f:~=
C. T'he AVHS and the City shall each f~Kave a representative':;attend meetings as
'.;>s~}••.
needed to discuss and resolve any maintenance pro,blems or concerns.
flf~%'rf r,, ff
s1 r f, rr ~'Y
X. HAZARI)OUS~S;IJBSTANCES .ff
•P,.;,r.,.ff.
if
Hazardous Substance~?.means any hazardous7 toxic7 or
I A. As used hereinf the terni~%r
rrl,:f. ~.%r"~',r^Ft;•.
dangerous substance, waste, or ma.terial, wli~ch is ar becomes regulated under any federal, state,
lf~ftr rfrh: or local statute, ordinance, rule, regulation•; or or flaw now or liereafter in affect pertaining to
r
environmental protection, contamination, orleanup;(collectively,,`.;Environmental Laws").
~r
~'.%s. ~~f,:'f,•;'r`;~
B. The AVHS:lshfallrkeep in a location in the Slie ter accessible to the City during
.fr..'r/,.{~." 1~ ✓~J
normal business hours~copies of `-W-Ereports regar.;fding hazardous or toxic materials in the Shelter
that the AVHS hqs01pib,~vided to;~any governmentalagency. in the previous quarter and all
appropriate Material Safefy~Data;/~sheets (NISDS)~ The AVHS shall, upon request and at the
AVHS's sole expense, pro%id~;thef Ciiy;fwith~.~~~eopy of any such report. In the event of any
accident' s~i1l;sor>ot'lier,incident~inyolving Hazardous Substances that the AVHS is required to
> f~l
report to~any govern!mental, agency:si;~th,e AVHS shall immediately report the same to the City and
supply~;flie, City with all r,iriformation fand reports with respect to the same,, together with the
_ AV~iS "s cl fan-up or remediation plaii,,~and schedule. If such clean-up or remediation plan is not
acceptable tofrthe City, the City~may so notify the AVHS and, upon 48 hours prior written notice ,
(or without no i ce> if the City~determines that an emergency situation exists), may enter on the
or remediation and charge the AVHS the costs thereof._ All
Shelter to conduc~ rf~f he clelfi
.,f' 4/11
information descnbed~herem sha11 be provided to the City regardless of any claim by the AVHS
~ ff~
that it is confidential~ or privileged, provided that the City shall not publish or disclose the
information to any thi4 party except as pursuant to Chapter 42.17 RCW.
C. Indemnification: The AVHS agrees to hold harmless, protect, indemnify, and
defend the City from and agairist any damage, loss, claim, or liability; INCLUDING reasonable
attorney's fees and costs; resulting from the AVHS's use, disposal, transportation, generation,
, and/or sale of any Hazardous Substances. The City agrees to hold harmless, protect, indemnify,
and defend the AVHS from and against any damage, loss, claim, or liability; including attorney's
` fees and costs, resulting from (a) Hazardous Substances existing on the Shelter as of the date of
L:\Council Actions\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
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Page 8 of 22
execution of this Agreement; or (b) Hazardous Substances thereafter used, disposed of, or
generated on the Shelter by the City; or (c) Hazardous Substances used; disposed of, or generated
on the Shelter by any third party unrelated to the. AVHS. These indemnities will survive the
termination of this Agreement, whether by expiration of the Term or otherwise.
XI. TERNYINATION
A. The parties may terminate this Agreement at any time by mutual execution of
such written termination agreement as may be negotiated between the parties.
t
B. The City may terminate this Agreement and takeF;~"immediate possession of tlie
,r`~•:~r;f~ .
Shelter in the event that the AVHS sha11 have failed to fp~rformr any of the covenants or
•r` ' ~r✓i'; •
conditions of t.tiis Agreement and such default or deficiency infpi erforniance was not remed.ied by
-''r.
the - AVHS within thirty (30) da.ys after receiving notice„iri-rwriting .stafmg with reasonable
~,f rr.~.. . {f~, r
specificity the nature of the default or deficiency an~l~ the Crty's intention;,terminate if not
conected; provided, however, that in the event of afdefault or deficiency that tlie fCity determines
is of a nature requiring more than thirty (30) daysFfoedy, thefAVHS shall not'default so
long as the City determines that the AVHS undertakes torremet~y'~the default or deficiency within
.rrf`~rr~,~t:~•
the 30-day period and thereafter diligently pursues completion~;~of the remedy.
The thirty-day period shall not apply wherefthe, AVHS's fail' e~~to. perform in a timely manner
was caused by the AVHS's ina.bility to secureafriecessary governm" n`tial'{pernuts provided that the
~fxf
reason for the inability to secure the government pernu}i~~{not:t$,~ifault of AVHS. The AVHS'
may terminate this Agreement upon thirty days,written nofie'e,f.tMIhe City in the event the AVHS
~ ;f/ r ✓r. r,`r'%f
is unable to seeure the goVerrimental permits necessary to the~,use of the Shelter proposed herein.
fM ry,
C. In add h n, upori;;~providing written. notice to the AVHS, the City may
~rr rj .i: i
immediately terminate t1us ~Agreementrand take immediate possession of the Shelter in the event
that the AVHSsha11 have?tbeericonvic`t:ed;•sof~,c`ommitting or engaging in or found to have.
r~ rfl+. - 7,yll,,~
committed or~engagedXin any ~fillegal activrty as a part of the Shelter opera.tions, including the
willful failure to pay all taXes and {required fees, whether the fmding is by a court of competent
jurisdi'ctiqn or by the Cifty~followuig'due: process and investigation separate and apart from any
fornial judicial process.
''~~.•~'r:;.
`.+%{t".1%r ff%i
D. Inr;:~the event that after.termination or expira.tion of the term of this Agreement, as
provided herein,e fAVHS;.Iias not removed its property and fixtures within the time allowed
r•^r:~ under Article XI E, the<Cit~i~j
y~ may, but need not, remove said personal property and hold it for the
'r~ii~`/.~! owners thereof, or plaee~{he same in storage, all at the expense and risk of the owners thereof,
and the AVHS shall r~mburse the City for any expense incurred by the Gity in connection with
such removal and storage. The City sha11 have the right to sell such stored property, without
notice to the AVHS, after it has been stored for a period of thirty (30) days or more. The
proceeds of such sale shall be applied first to the cost of such sale, second to the payment of tlie
charges for storage, and the third to the payment of any other amounts, which may then be due
from the AVH3 to the City, and the balance, if any, sha11 be paid to the AVHS. Notwithstanding
any provision to the contrary contained herein, the City's and the AVHS's rights under this
Article sha11 be subject to the applicable laws of the Sta.te of Washington.
L:\Council Actions\201 1\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
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Page 9 of 22
E. Upon termination or expiration of the term of this Agreement, the AVHS. shall
remove all its goods, wares and merchandise from the Shelter and shall remove any equipment or
fixtures placed therein by the AVHS pursuant to the terms of any written Agreement providing
for removal by the AVHS upon expiration. The AVHS sha11 ha.ve twenty (20) days to complete
removal of such property from the Shelter. The AVHS shall restore any areas damaged by the
installation of fixtures or equipment to the condition of the area before installation occurred,
reasonable weaz and tear excepted:. No fixtures or improvements or additions to the Shelter shall
be removed unless previously agreed in this Agreement or a separate;writing signed ,by both
parties.
F. Upon termination or expiration of the term of,rtlus'~,r`,f~ greement, the AVHS shall
surrender the Shelter to the City and promptly surrender and,;fdeliver to~;the City a11 keys that it '
may ha.ve to any and a11 parts of the Shelter. The AVHS s1ia11 surrender th~Shelter to the City in
as good of condition as at the date of execution of,ftlus Agieement, exceptr~for the effects of
s.°:•
reasonable wear and tear, alterations and repairs rinade with :the coneurrencefof~theCity, and
ProPert3' damage caused bY risks insured againsf`~und `er fre, extended covera.ger,and` vandalism
insurance in current practice.
• ; ✓;:~t%,
XII. ST~iNDARDS OF CONDUCT
,.'r''l ` f ~``.r1..^<;
A. The AVHS recognizes that,~ aithou.`gjhrf it is operating% the animal shelter as an
'
independent operator as a non-profit; the City s AGO;exists for,#lie use and enjoyment of the
general public. The AVHS and its employees will'fdevote /,~flitir best efforts toward rendering
courteous service to the ptiblic;as;though the AVHS and itssemployees were employees of the
~F. .f~f~~';,
Crty' ~F/~'
rf ~l ~ry.'". :rl
f ~
B. The AVHS:''''shall opaerate and conduet the animal sheltering in the Shelter in a
:
business like ,rmanner, and',~<%.wi.l{~•no{-lpermitfany~acts or conduct on the part of the AVHS's
employees that'wou'ld~rbe detnmenta.l to the Crty~'s unage.
r rf,~•f;~rr ;r:fr
':~f.%. 'f~~~ f,
.r'r ~i, i
~.~;CXYS+F All of the Arr ~HS s peiso,nnel shall be dressed in appropriate attire for the services they are p`erfomung.
f..
~rr~. ,
`"~f''`~ XITI. COMPLIANCE WITH LAWS
,•.+f ~ ,
The AVHS; cers, employees, and agents sha11 comply with applicabYe federal,
sta.te, county, and local~aws, statutes, rules, regulations, and ordinances, in performing its
obligations under. .this~~Agreement. The AVHS sha11 comply with any and all applicable law"s,
stand"ards, and regulations pertaining to the operations of an animal shelter inclusive of a11 laws
pertaining to employment practices and employee treatment. Conditions of the Federal
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSHA), and the. Washington Industrial Safety and
Health Act of 1973 (WISHA). The AVHS agrees to indemnify and hold harmless tlie City from
all damages assessed for the AVHS's failure to comply with the Acts and Standards issued
thereunder. The AVHS is also responsible for meeting a11 pertinent local, state and federal health L:\Council Actions12011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
83.2011
Page 10 of 22
,
' and environmental regulations and standards applying to any operation in the performance of this
Agreement.
XIV. ACCESS TO BOOKS AND RECORDS
A. The City or its agents sha11 have the right to examine and inspect the books and
records of the AVHS for the purpose of validating Gross Receipts reports, and any other matters
related to the performance of the Agreement. The electronic andlor digital POS system data files
from the Shelter may be required to be turned in to the City and are also;subject to annual on-site
inspections. ' All electronic and/or digital POS system data files arejbe ~naaintained for two (2)
years. All operational records are subject to the Washington's Publ fcfRecords Act, Chapter 42:56
RCW. AVHS shall coordinate a11 requests for documents received;by AVHS with the Gity
Clerk's Office.
~
~~f', ~f,~'•
B. The AVHS shall provide to the City v6i- ftliin one fiundred fve~;t(,105) da.ys of the
end of a calendar year; a copy of its State Business; ff& Occupations {B&O) T'a~{~,Report for the
previous year. No certified copy of an annual r4ort hall be r'equired. The C1ty,sha11 not pay
the AVHS for: preparation of any of the financial records%or Se B&O Tax Report that will be
provicied to the City.
XV. J}~;PHOTOGRAPHS
:+F`''•~rf~'rr' r ~flr'~r'
f~'~.lrfifi%rr
' Nobody sha11 have the right to ta1~'e,;~,photograp~~,hsoJr mo,tion pictures ,of the facilities,
f 1• .
grounds, and proximate spaces, activity the'r•.ei n,~and/or dis~?r~ys or e~chibits without the prior
approva1 of the AVHS wluch%ap ~rva1 shall no't`~be unreasonab'y withheld as to the City: ,
XVI. ~y~ADDRESSES.%FOR NOTICES
f~ r~;. r1~.~'lrl'"`•. .
Any notice f required'or0`~"inuttedthere.~under must be iri writing and will be effective upon
the earlier p~fper•sonal~.;delivery'`o~r three ,days~afE~er being mailed by certified mail, return receipt
requested~`~y'`addressed "to:'tlier.AVHS ior.,to the CITY at the address for that party designated herein.
Eitheip;party may speci fy%a;ciiffererif%~aadr~'ss for notice purposes by written notice to the other.
All notices<shall be delivered~fo the fo~ll'owing addresses:
%f~~✓i
JrS`•'r~,f . . .
r
To the City at`'th6;following address: To the AVHS at the following address:.
• r P.
• ,rtirfff,{ f'~l~
Office of the Mayor' 1402 Lake Tapps Parkway E. Suite 104 #385,
Auburn City Hall Auburn, WA 98092-8157
25 West Main Street f"
Auburn, WA 98001 . With a copy to:
Gibson & Jarvey, Inc. P.S.
901 E. Main Street
Aubum, WA 98092
L:\Gouncil Actions\2011120110517 AVHS draft clean.doc
8.3.2011
Page 11 of 22
XVII. ASSIGNMENT OF AGREEMENT
Neither party shall assign the contract in part or as a whole, without the written consent
of the other, which consent sha11 not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed. The
AVHS shall not subcontract any of the Shelter services, facilities, or equipment, or delegate any
of 'its duties under this Agreement without the prior written approval of the City, which approval
shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
XVIII. EQUALITY OF TREATMENT ~
~frr;
~
A. The AVHS shall comply with all agplicable Federal;:State, County, and Citylaws,
001.
ordinances, rules and regulations regarding nondiscrimination, fd conduct its business in a
~
manner which assures fair, equal and nondiscriminatory tre~~tment at'all ftimes in all respects to
a11 persons without regard to race, color, religion, sex, sefiial orientation;~di'sability or the use of
fff r..
a trained dog guide or service animal by a disabled person, age, or nation in. No person
sha11 be refused service, be given discriminatory~,tteatrnent, or be denied any.p~n~vilege, u.se of
facilities or participation in activities on the Sh'elter~on account of race; . colo'r ~cfreed, seXUal
orientation, marital status, families with children, disability, o rtlieuse of a train~cl dog guide or
f
service animal by a disabled person, religion, sex, age ar na~ional origin.
sV;
•
B. The AVHS sha11 comply with~rall fapplicable Federaal~fState, County, and City laws;
ordinances, rules arid regulations regardi`n4g" nondiscrimination i n ~employment and shall not
y .~r•,~,sr ,
discriminate in employment on the basis of,creed;'°'families~with,,children; race, color, national
origin, sex, sexual orienfation, religion, age, maritafi status, ~ sability or the use of a trained
dog guide or service anim~,.p~;~,disabled perso~~except for~'employment actions based on bona
fide occupational quali~cahon
r '
XIX. CA:S1UAI;TY,,TO OR DEMOLITION OF SHELTER
. ~"%Ffr7`lfi;;r.S;1r'~,rr'•~,}
~ j~~
;:rrr:. • ~ /`Y~J/ ir
The;parhes fagr,ee that'~the, primary u ~se of the premises is the operation of an animal
~
shelter. rThe partYes .recog.:.. iuze that this use may be interfered witli or prevented because of fire,
,~lr' 'r :~.•rf rr ~ fr. . -
earthq~ia`lce f flood, storm,`l, f~p.slide, act;of-war, vandalism, theft or other extraordinary casualty.
A. ~r;1Vlaterial Dama~e. If the Shelter is damaged or destroyed by fire or any casualty
• ~ .r.
which cannot;,despite diligent; good faith efforts, be repaired or restored within two huridred seventy (270) days followinj-'Ae da.te on which such damage occurs, then the AVHS may eleet
to terminate the Agieeme~ %effective as of the date of such damage or destruction. Within thirty
(30) days after the date%~of such damage, the parties sha11 determine how long -the repair and
restoration will take. t(fter that determination has been made, the AVHS shall ha.ve an additional
period of'thirty (30) days to terminate the Agreement by giving written notice to the City.
B. Repair After Damage. If the AVHS does not give nodce of the AVHS's election
to termina.te as provided in Article XIX A above, and within the time periods so provided; then _
the City shall, subject to the provisions of this Article, immediately commence and diligently
pursue to completion the repair of such damage so that the Shelter is restored to a condition of
similar quality, character and utility for the AVHS's purposes. Notwithstanding anything
L:\Council Actions\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
8.3.2011
Page 12 of 22
contained herein to the contrary, if the Shelter is not repaired and restored within one hundred
eighty (180) days from the da.te of the damage, the AVHS may cancel the Agreement at any time
before the City completes the repairs and delivers the restored Shelter to the AVHS. If the
AVHS does not so terminate; the City shall condnue to restore the Shelter.
C. Uninsured Damage. In addition to the AVHS's rights to terminate this
Agreement as provided in Article XIX A and B above, if damage or destruction is caused by a
peril not required to be insured against hereunder and for which insurance proceeds are not
available, either the City or.the AVHS may terminate this Agreement by thirty (30) days written ~
notice to the other of its election so to do and the Agreement shall be,deemed to have terminated
as of such date unless the other party agrees in writuig to pay for such repairs or restoration.
ffr'r `'~~'•:rr,.
XX. NO LIENS OR ENCiJMB
It is mutually understood and agreed that the ,AVHS.'shall have no authority, express or implied, fo create or place any lien or encumbrance'~.,of any kind or nature whatsoever upon, or in
r',iA'~f f
any manner to bind, the interest of the City i.rt''"t1ie;~Shelter o,rto charge the rentals payable '
hereunder for any claim in favor of any person dealing'withXt~J~AVI~S, includingjthose who may
furnish:materials or perform labor for any constructiori'o~~~{epairs, and each such claim shall
affect and each such lien sha11 attach to; -i£at a11, only the ri ght;,ar~nd interest granted to the AVHS
h.~+rf . 4't'f~i: •
by this, Agreement. If any such liens are,f~le„cl,F the City may;rrwithout waiving its rights and
remedies for breach, and without releasing`the AUrHSfrom its obligations hereunder, require the
AVHS to post security in form and amount reasona.U~.y,fsa~,sfactory~.to the City or cause such liens
to be released by anY means the Ci deems;; ro ~lmcludi~"~` Pa ent in satisfaction of the
, tY ,P fi` 1~ fr:~,g Ym
claim giving rise to "the heti:~~Tlterf. VHS sha11 pa~o the Cit,~Fupon demand any sum paid by the
Cify to remove the lie,Further;~the AVHS agrees that it will save and hold the City harmless
from any and all.1Q;},cost; or expe~. nses based on for arising out of the asserted claims or liens,
against this Agreement oz'~against.the ri t, title, and~'interest of the City in the Shelter or under "
~F~ll.rs
the.terms of this,Agreement~;'u~.cludui ~r.easonabl~~attomey's fees and costs inc
i urred by the City
r.r°,`.chF'rliensi` r.. , ~and ~ if ~nri . . rR'r
n ~removing,sue,nforcing this' Article. Additionally, it is mutually understood and
agreed tl~atr this ArheleisF;intended~~to be a continuing provision applicable to future repairs and
impr~ ements after the initial. const ucfion'phase.
.~'`",r,;:f;;
ff f r S'%r
'"~r'~rs• .';f:~,
N~ XXIII. INSURANCE
f~~~ A. Fire;~.,Earthquake, &:Casualty Insurance: During the term of this Agreement and
f•-
any extension thereof;~.the~ City sha11 maintain a properry.insurance policy on the Shelter building
in the amount of the replacement cost of the building, iricluding the improvements, restrooms
and hallways, for danfage from fire,.earthquake and other perils: Said insurance policy sha11 also
insure the replacement'value of the- equipment, other equipment provided or owned by the Gity
and tenant improvements provided by the AVHS pursuant to Exhibit "B" to this Agreement.
The proceeds on a claim against said insurance policy for damage to the, building, Shelter,
personal property provided by the City, or tenant improvements pursuant to Exhibit "B", sha11 be .
used to repair damage to the Shelter and to repair or replace any damaged personal property
provided by or for the City.
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The AVHS sha11 be responsible for maintaining its own fire and hazard insurance on personal
property and leasehold improvements placed within the Premises arid owned by the. AUHS. All.
personal property of any kind or description whatsoever in the Shelter shall be at the AVHS's
sole risk, and the City shall not be liable for any damage done to, or loss of, such`-persorial
property.
B. Liabilitv Insurance: Not less than thirty (30) days prior to the da.te of the AVHS's
entry onto the Shelter premises, the AVHS, at its own expense shall obtain and file with the
City's Risk Manager a Certificate of Tnsurance evidencing commercialfgeneral liability insurance
coverage ("CGL") providirig coverage of at least $1,000,O,O,,OfOU''f-Per occurrence and
$2,000,000.00 genera.l aggregate.
CGL insurance sha11 be written on Insurance Services Offi~e;(ISO) occeurrence form CG 00 01
and shall cover premises, professional liability, products/.completed `loper,ations, broad form
property damage, independent contractors, personal inj'ury~advertising liability;; and contractual
liability. The City shall be named as an additionaltinsured on<the AVHS's Co ``wrmmercial General
S•ff •.,r•...
Liability ins"urance policy using ISO Additional<Iiisiiied-Managers or Lessors of'Piemises Form
''!'f tfr't r•?sr ~ f.
CG 20 11, or a substitute endorsement providing ec~ui,;valerit"coverage. This'Certifcate of
Insurance and a copy of the amendatory endorsement, uicluding, but not necessarily limited to,
the additional insured endorsement, evidencing the insurance iequirements of the AVHS shall be
` ff' ~ f y.
subject to approval by the City's Risk Managerr. as to companyl ;te~rms and coverage, and said
approval sha11 not be unreasona.bly, withhe~~ ~`'~fR
- fl .~P~f r r.. rr
f:..'~ffffl%rrr ~
The CGL policy shall remain in full force arid{ff",effec~t°at tli`e`=~AV. iS's sole expense for liability for
<f~.~f
i r` ~ . r~r ; f%. : r`
property damage or person`finJfury that may occ~iar in conne~e~ion with activities or omissions'by
,f~f' ~ ~:x ~
the AVHS or its patro; and pro~ide coyerage for the full term of this Agreement. The AVHS
sha11 insure that the;45irty}s Risk 1Vlaiiager is given ~,thirty (30) calendar days prior written notice,
by certified ma.il, of any c fancellation,r;lapse; reduction: or modification of such insurance. The
•r~~~f ~rf
insurance pohcies are to contain;~or be'efidorsed.tb" -contain that tlie AVHS's insurarice coverage
shall be pnmary%~uis`urance as''zespect to the'Cii: Any insurance, self-insurance, or insurance
pool cov~iage.maintauied~;~by thefCiiy shall be excess of the AVHS's insurance and shall_not
contnt~u"te:to it. The AVHS'shall have tlYe iight to maintain a deductible level of up to $5,000.00.
• s:;~rr:~, r~:j.
C. "'?;~:`sReleas e an d W.aiver of Subro atg ion: Any policy of insurance carried by either, the
City or the AVUS,.~ursuant torany obligation under this Agreement, shall, to the extent available,
contain a wa.ieer'' of~,subrogation clause on the part of the insurer. Such waiver shall apply to
damages to adjacent'fprope'~i~y. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, neither
the City nor the AVHS'rshall be liable to the other party or to any insurance company (by
subrogation or other4se) insuring the other pariy for any loss or damage to any building,
structure or tangible personal properiy of the other occurring in or about the Shelter; even though
such loss or damage might have been occasioned by the negligence of such party, its agents or
employees, if : such loss or . damage is covered by insurance issued by an insurance. carrier
authorized, or licensed by the Insurance Commissioner of the State of Washington to issue lines
of insurance, benefiting the party suffering such loss or damage or was :required, under the terms
of this Agreement to be covered by insurance by the party covering the loss.
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XXII. HOLD HARMLESS, INDEMNIFICATION
& INDUSTRIAL INSURANCE
A. Hold Harmless & Indemnification: Each party hereto agrees to be responsible and
assumes liability for its own wrongful or negligent acts or omissions, or those of its officers,
agents, or employees to the fullest extent required by law. Each party agrees to save, indemnify,
defend, or hold the other party harmless against a11 liability, loss, damages, and expenses,
including costs and attorney's fees, resulting from actions, claims and lawsuits arising or alleged
to have azisen, in whole or in part, out of or in consequence of the actsfor failures to act of the
~~f.~
other party, its employees, its subcontractors, its agents, or its assi~s; wWch arise in any way
out of the perFormance of this Agreement: In the case of negli gence of both the City and the
~r 'rrsr~.
AVHS, any damages allowed sha11 be levied in proportiono'~'tFie fpercentage of negligence
attributa.ble to each party, and each parly sha11 have the ri gh~:tq seek con;tribution from the other
party in proportion to the percenta.ge of negligence attributable tb the othrer p~rarty. . .
ij.'• tfrr
B. Industrial Insurance: The AVHS expf,essly waives any immumty,l;under, industrial
insurance whether arising from Title 51 of the ReVised~r.Eode oflWashington (RCW);ror any other
,,+~;'f
sta.tute or source, to the extent of the indemnity set forth,n~jthi,;`Article.
~'~~f!
The City expressly waives any immunity,.under industrial irisurance whether arising from Title
r,f,.;
. 51 of the Revised Code of Washington;. or~:any other statute'`irrsource, to the extent of the
f~l•,:'.,
indemnity set forth in this Article. •'~~`'f~`;',s~ , r:``rf
~f ,~t,: •,.~r,.. r. ,
: r~ :`rir ":r~~.i'rf~,~• f , .
C. Extent of Indemnification: In t'he e~enttliat.,ttie%'AVHS is successful in proving
fr'.~'flrr,: that any of the indemruty~pro,.vxded for hereirigs limited bRCW 4.24.115, . the AVHS shall
~ ,~f. fr
defend, indemnify andf hold h rarmless the indemnities to the full extent allowed by RCW
4.24.115. In no evefit;shall the AVHS's obligations hereunder be limited to the extent of any
~~f. ~ ,,insurance available to it Y.~~lcevvise;;u~. the event that~'the City is successful in proving that any of
Fd f/l"~ ~'~'rff,'.1rf,T',.., FP~
the: indemruty~provided for"herein f is~lunitedrb,yt fRCW 4.24.115, the City sha11 defend, indemnify
and hold harinless tlie,indemrutieWo the full extent allowed by RCW 4.24.115. In no event shall
the City;~obligahonsli`eieunder be`limited to the extent of any insurance available to it.
, rf . r,,,f:•i'¢
F.?rzr~.: ?"%'fi%f:•. {;`~rr
1~jYjft,~ "XXIII: REL,AT'IONSHIP OF PARTIES
' f,~~'•,'': `f .
. f., rf'~"~ .
A. AVHS Independent Coniractor: The parties intend that an independent contractor
relationship sha11 r'liei, createdf'by this Agreement. Nothing contained herein shall create the
`rr~r!r?r .Fr, relationship of principalr,nd agent or of partnership or of joint venture between the parties
hereto, and neither theJ`.~m~`ethod of computation of consideration nor any other provision contained
herein sha11 be deem'ed to create any relationship between the parties hereto other than the
relationship of the City as granting a lease to the AVHS. The AVHS has the experience, ability,
and resources to develop and operate an animal shelter, and is performing independent functions
and responsibilities within its field of expertise. The AVHS and its personnel are independent
contractors and not employees of the City. No agent, employee, servant, or representative of the
AVHS sha11 be deemed to be an employee, agent, servant or representative of the City. The
AVHS and its personnel have no authority to bind the City or to control the City's employees.
As an independent contractor, the AVHS is responsible for its own management. The City's
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Page 15 of22. .
administration and enforcement of this Agreement sha11 not be deemed an exercise of managerial
control over the AVHS or the AVHS's personnel. ;
B. No Third Partv Rip-hts Created: It is mutually understood and agreed that this
Agreement is solely for the benefit of the PARTIES hereto and gives no right to any other party.
XXIV. PERIVIITS> LICENSES> TAXES AND FEES
A. The AVHS shall obtain and at a11 times maintain a,~current Auburn Business .
, License and sha11 obtain all health, and a11 other regulatory licen~es~`°and permits as may be
required or become riecessary, including a11 construction and,i5M-1ding permits, necessary to
~,~f
fulfill the AVHS's obligations under this Agreement at the ~UHS;sf sole expense. Each party
agrees to execute such additional or other documents as ma :;be requYr.eto fully implement the
intent of this Agreement. f>.. p; f
~rr . .
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~fd~/
B. As an independent contractor, the ~j;.UI=IS sha11 be solely respon'si:ble for all taxes,
fees and charges incurred, including but not li~ii'ted~ to, license;•,fees, business and occupation
. f..
taxes, workers' compensation and unemployment benefits;,•all rf d'era1, state, regiQrial, county and
rff rri%/
local taxes and fees, including income taxes, leaseholcler~;•.taxes, permit fees, opera.ting fees,
surcharges of anykind that apply to an$~rand all persons, faeils, property, income, equipment,
~~:~ff{ .
materials, supplies or.activities related to the{A:.~,THS,s obligati 1ons,:underrthis Agreement.
~
rr i s/~f5i.r,. ,rr
XXV WANE'R
sli`a not be deemed a waiver of that
Failure to enforce -in ~i y4~ision of this fA' ement l
'ro,r
provision. No waiver of:any nght;or obligatiom f;gr
of either party hereto shall be effective unless in
~Plf/f. . . ~:•'~t 1P..
writing, specifying,s icwaiver, exe~uted by the p farty,against whom such waiver is sought to be
enforced. Waiver of any n,ght ;or po~er arising out of this Agreement shall not be deemed waiver
of any other right or rpower.,~'~~,~'
- •i'~~F~//' rr / d r. •-?f~f~
. fff. f':}lf,{r~l/'f;?r,,'~ f{ fqr.: r f
v
re:; •~r~::• •rr•:XXVI. REMEDIES
!r i f lTi:: r'~{,.'!;;/. .
. ff f so
~ In>addition to all otherr remedies provided by law, the parties hereto agree that, the actual -
,
damages suffeied by the CityImay be difficult to calculate and, in the event of the abandonment
of the remisessb'ythe AVHS%~`'r en bY the Cit3' because of breach or default bY tl~e AVHS, ttie
~'Y
AVHS sha11 leave b'~'ehind allhithe Tenant Improvements identified in Exhibit "C."
f ~ ~lrr f~~
x
jWXXVII. COSTS & ATTORNEY'S FEES
In any action brought to enforce any provision of this Agreement, including actions to
recover sums due or for the breach of any covenant or condition of this Agreement; or for the
restitution of the Shelter to the City or eviction of the AVHS during the term or after expira.tion
thereof, the substantially prevailing party shall be entitled to recover. from the other party all.
reasonable costs and reasonable attorney's fees incurred, including the fees of accou.ntants,
appraisers; and other professionals, at trial or on appeal, and without resort to suit.
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Page 16 of 22
XXIII. ARTICLE HEADINGS, GENDER, & NUMBEY2
Article headings are not to be construed as binding provisions of this Agreement; they are
for the convenience of the parties only. The masculine; feminine, singular and plural of any word
or words shall be deemed to include and refer to the gender and number appropriate in the
context.
XXIX. ENTIRE AGREENdENT
This Agreement and its Exhibits constitutes the entire Agreement; between the parties,
and the Parties acknowledge that there are no other Agreements;~Fwritten or oral, that have not
been set forth in the text of this Agreement:
XXX. JURISDICTION ~VENUE ! ~
~,,f
r ' ' ~f,~,1{r,.
This Agreement shall be interpreted according to the .laws of the State~~ fof Washington.
f~`
Any judicial action to resolve disputes arising outoft~l?is Agr~Jment shall be brought in King
County Superior Court. ,i .
XXXI. ARBITRATION
f r . fif~~
Any controversy or claim arising out~~,;.~o~r relating to tlus~'fA~gre ment, or its breach, shall
be settled by arbitration administered by~f the f~fAmerican Arbitratin Association under its
Commercial Arbitration Rules then in effeet. Th~✓fdec~isi~on of~:the arbitrator(s) is final and
_judgment thereon may be enforced by any court o~eompetents~;urisdiction. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, either party may;;seekrjnjunctive relief in Washingtoin sta.te court.
,~r`` ~,t ' •
f
F . ~rr
,;~'F`'a;;~^`•f~ XII. MODIF'ICATION
fXX
. f'.. r . . xfr F.
1~`
This A eement maoiil ~e m''o~dified•brwritten instrument si~ed bY both Parties.
~ ~
rr'F'".+r rr`f `;:r{",.y r •+e...y; o rf~,•,!/! .
. . %r f
,f'~%l: •~'~f~.~~.
. . ~ ~f r5 ~r.
L~rY 4.
II:EGAL PROVISIONS - SEVERABILITY
~ X M:~. .~;~.,r~. ,,l~f ~,r•,j```''.y f~~✓r ~'`r't: ` fj ~ .
Should any part of ttusAgreem nt be found void, illegal, or unenforceable, the balance of
the Agreem n`t", sha11 remain in full foree and effect.
_ r 10
6 XXMV. COUNTERPARTS
, •.;~f, ;f• f'';'~
This Agreemerit•~may be executed sunultaneously in two or more counterparts, each of
which shall be deem~ an original, but a11 of which together sha11 constitute one and the same
instrument.
1N WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement has been entered into between the City of
Auburn and Auburn Va11ey Human Society, as of the day of 52011.
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CITY OF AUBURN AUBURN VALLEY HUMANE SOCIETY
A Washington municipal corporation A Washington corporation Peter B. Lewis, Mayor Paul Pumilia, President
~Ffer
APPROVED AS TO FORM:
Suzanne Nag~,~Seeietary
f~r ~
Daniel B. Heid, City Attorney
~ fr'~
,f d•f,.r JS .
. dfJ°+~~. Y`>
rr~,✓~~f "f "a~'rr~
ATTEST: .i%~r'lf''~
,
i
.
. ~`j%"~i. ~•~~!f'> t'~
. ~ X.
l~ lt J t .~fi
Danielle E. Daskam, City Clerk
IY,~~l ~fJ`j~ f~ , .
_ ' Jl~Xi r~~fF rf^.•
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~•,~i,'~,~~f%~~'•r f ff ,
fr~j'~✓f f~~`' ~fi J
'✓~~'r ,'f'i,.~ ~rrf . .
1r?li f irr..
LIST OF EXII3IBITS
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frf f ~~r~~?,. ff,✓`/~jfr
Exlubrt:A - Legal Descnption of thetShelter Properiy
Ex1ut~t~B- Tenant Tmpro'v.einents Prorvided by the AVHS via the City's $417,000 Allowance
%
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Page 18 of 22
EXHIBIT A- LEGAL DESCRIPTION OF SHELTER PROPERTY
Parcel # 3621049018-
. That part of the northeast. quarter of the southeast quarter of Section 36,
, Township 21 North, Range 4 East, W.M., in King County,, Washington, lying
rJ.,
east of the Northern Pacific Railway Company right of.~way;
f,.~'
EXCEPT the north 1 rod deeded to the county for road purposes, and ttie
south 58.5 rods; AND EXCEPT the west 70 feet there0f conveyed to King r,ij'✓!. ~ y.. . . .
County by.Deed recorded under Recording Number/,-Z8261X92.
~ .
~
Commonly known as 4910 "A" Street SW Auburn, WA/092~<f °
^,r" r.
X~a:,, .
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ir.i ~°'r;r✓: , '°r. ,~,%,,r~✓:~ . .
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Page 19 of 22
1
EXHIBIT S :
TENANT IMPROVEMENTS PROVIDED BY THE AVfIS VIA THE CI'I'Y'S $
ALLOWANCE
The City shall make available $ for the AVHS to
use toward tenant improvements for the following purposes:
1. Construct improvements as per the plans provided by T Keruidl"s; Inc (attached February
15, 2011 Plans
) rr~ ~,.~rr
2. Sawcut and remove as necessary concrete slab for ne ;w cdncreteat the canine kennels
~ 'v.r;r f
3. Select:demolition of interior walls and ceilings per pl~us providedfby Keimig Associates
(attached plans dated March 10, 2011)
4. Selective demolition and removal of existi.ng lialb l,C, and electrical
5. Pour approximately 1500sf of new cat the qanine kennels
6. Install trench drains and concrete curbs <'''r'~~~ •f~
7. All framing and for new exterior doors
r"f r r, t 1/
8. New interior finishes as shown on the plans provided by T Kennels, Inc
9. Sound irisulation in interior finishes
10. All cabinetry
r~ fr',l rf/i /~r<<C!
l 1. Interior door replacement and new door~liardware and windows~in doors
~'rf
12. New interior wa11s framed with metal;studs
1, ~~~~r.~~•
13. New iriterior walls witli 5/8" drywall v~iith a~mootli'.`wall;,~nish
14. 5/8" moisture board at`llrpotential wetr~are
fr as ? f ~r :f`.•,::. •tr ' 15. Patch and re-texture remauung walls to mafch new interior finish
16. New walls r,pcei~'~e~a.level f itr finish `~'fJf+rr r
17; Pa.int all interior fi nishes ; lf,f
18. Replace a11 intenor ceilin'g hles vv~th:water•resistant tile
rr. ff J,. • ffry;;ir~i',
19. Install co.~edfand welded sheet vinyl throughout the facility
r ~ { rf .~:XXf . .
20 `~~ealed concret'e<carune area
t1.° r•r'~,•`lr ~J" r~ ~ 21 5000sf of fiber '~glassrre, uiforced p;ariel;, s up to 61
22. Intenor plumbing for f~3,water closets, 1 urinal, 2lavatories, 1 kifchen sink, 1- 50 gallon
elecfric~water heater,'Sistainless steel hand sinks, 1 dishwasher rougli in, 1 wash machine,
•J~`~,f~
1 bath'tub~~,r,ough-in (o fwner supplied), 5 hose reels for kennel wash down, 80ft trench
drains for •dxr og.kennelrwash out
~r
23. Replacement'of=two.roof mount HVAC units with new Carrier 5 ton units with
economizers
24. New 5-ton RTfJ and duct system
25. Interior electrical
L:\Council Actions\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc
83.2011
Page 20 of 22
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Page21 of 22
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TSw s~r ivw' waamm;ci. (l n AUBURN VALLEY HUMAf~ SOCIEfY
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L:\Council Actions\2011\20110817 AVHS draft clean.doc •
8.3.2011
Page 22 of 22