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HomeMy WebLinkAboutAuburn Drainage Plan Draft.pdf Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Prepared for the Community Development and Public Works Department City of Auburn, Washington April 2015 DRAFT 701 Pike St., Suite 1200 Seattle, WA 98101 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Prepared for the Community Development and Public Works Department City of Auburn, Washington April 2015 This is a draft and is not intended to be a final representation of the work done or recommendations made by Brown and Caldwell. It should not be relied upon; consult the final report. DRAFT v DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table of Contents List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. viii List of Tables ................................................................................................................................................ ix List of Abbreviations .................................................................................................................................... xi Executive Summary ............................................................................................................................... ES-1 ES-1 LOS Goals ............................................................................................................................. ES-1 ES-2 Evaluation of the Storm Drainage Utility .............................................................................. ES-4 ES-3 Implementation Plan ........................................................................................................... ES-5 ES-3.1 6-Year and 20-Year CIP ......................................................................................... ES-5 ES-3.2 Monitoring .............................................................................................................. ES-7 ES-3.3 Programmatic Measures for NPDES Compliance ............................................... ES-9 ES-3.4 Future Staffing and Equipment Needs .............................................................. ES-10 ES-3.5 Assessment Management .................................................................................. ES-10 ES-3.6 Recommendations for Additional Activities ....................................................... ES-10 ES-3 Financial Plan ..................................................................................................................... ES-11 1. Introduction .........................................................................................................................................1-1 Purpose and Objectives ..........................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Approach and Document Organization .................................................................................1-2 1.2 2. Background .........................................................................................................................................2-1 Storm Drainage Utility .............................................................................................................2-1 2.1 2.1.1 Organizational Structure ..........................................................................................2-1 2.1.2 Funding Mechanisms ...............................................................................................2-2 Development Code and Design Standards Updates ............................................................2-4 2.2 Regulatory Considerations .....................................................................................................2-5 2.3 2.3.1 Growth Management Act .........................................................................................2-6 2.3.2 Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit ....................................................................2-7 2.3.3 Governmental Accounting Standards Board ..........................................................2-8 3. Utility Policies and Level-of-Service Goals.........................................................................................3-1 Level-of-Service Goals within Storm Drainage Utilities ........................................................3-1 3.1 Comp Plan Policies and Levels of Service .............................................................................3-2 3.2 3.2.1 Incorporation of Existing Comp Plan Policies Related to Storm Drainage ............3-2 3.2.2 Levels of Service .......................................................................................................3-4 4. Drainage System ................................................................................................................................4-1 Natural Drainage.....................................................................................................................4-1 4.1 4.1.1 Green River ...............................................................................................................4-1 4.1.2 White River ................................................................................................................4-2 4.1.3 Mill Creek ..................................................................................................................4-2 Table of Contents Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan vi DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx 4.1.4 Drainage Areas ......................................................................................................... 4-3 4.1.5 Climate and Precipitation ........................................................................................ 4-3 4.1.6 Geology and Groundwater ....................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.7 Soils and Runoff Potential ....................................................................................... 4-4 4.1.8 Land Use and Development .................................................................................... 4-5 4.1.9 Flood Hazard Mapping ............................................................................................. 4-6 Stormwater Drainage Infrastructure ..................................................................................... 4-7 4.2 Critical Facilities ..................................................................................................................... 4-8 4.3 Water Quality .......................................................................................................................... 4-9 4.4 4.4.1 Existing Conditions ................................................................................................... 4-9 4.4.2 Regulatory Compliance .......................................................................................... 4-10 Existing Drainage Problems ................................................................................................. 4-10 4.5 5. Evaluation of the Storm Drainage Utility .......................................................................................... 5-1 Hydraulic Evaluation .............................................................................................................. 5-1 5.1 5.1.1 Updating Existing Models ........................................................................................ 5-2 5.1.2 Creating New Models ............................................................................................... 5-2 Asset Management Evaluation .............................................................................................. 5-3 5.2 Environmental Investigation .................................................................................................. 5-6 5.3 6. Maintenance and Operations ............................................................................................................ 6-1 Utility Responsibility and Authority ........................................................................................ 6-1 6.1 6.1.1 Organizational Structure .......................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.2 Staffing Level............................................................................................................ 6-1 6.1.3 Level of Service ........................................................................................................ 6-2 6.1.4 Training and Education ............................................................................................ 6-2 Routine Operations Provided by the Storm Drainage Utility ................................................ 6-3 6.2 6.2.1 Catch Basin and Manhole Inspection, Cleaning, and Repair ................................ 6-3 6.2.2 Stormwater Pipeline Cleaning and CCTV ................................................................ 6-3 6.2.3 Stormwater Outfall Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance ................................ 6-4 6.2.4 Drainage Ditch Maintenance and Restoration ...................................................... 6-4 6.2.5 Stormwater Pond and Swale Inspection, Maintenance, and Restoration ........... 6-4 6.2.6 Culvert Inspection and Cleaning ............................................................................. 6-5 6.2.7 General Facility Maintenance and Other Field Tasks ............................................ 6-5 Routine Operations Provided to the Storm Drainage Utility ................................................ 6-5 6.3 6.3.1 Vegetative Maintenance .......................................................................................... 6-5 6.3.2 Stormwater Pump Station Maintenance ................................................................ 6-5 6.3.3 Stormwater Pond Maintenance by King County .................................................... 6-6 6.3.4 Stormfilter Maintenance.......................................................................................... 6-6 Non-Routine and Emergency Operations.............................................................................. 6-6 6.4 6.4.1 Customer Service Requests .................................................................................... 6-7 6.4.2 Emergency Response Program ............................................................................... 6-7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Table of Contents vii DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Data Collection and Record-Keeping.....................................................................................6-8 6.5 M&O Staffing Requirements ..................................................................................................6-9 6.6 6.6.1 Existing Staffing Requirements ...............................................................................6-9 6.6.2 Future Staffing Requirements and Equipment Needs ........................................ 6-10 Potential Improvement Opportunities and Capital Needs ................................................ 6-12 6.7 7. Capital Improvements ........................................................................................................................7-1 Project Prioritization ...............................................................................................................7-2 7.1 Proposed Drainage Projects...................................................................................................7-4 7.2 Programmatic Drainage Projects ........................................................................................ 7-45 7.3 8. Implementation Plan ..........................................................................................................................8-1 6-Year and 20-Year CIP ..........................................................................................................8-1 8.1 Monitoring ...............................................................................................................................8-4 8.2 8.2.1 Precipitation ..............................................................................................................8-4 8.2.2 Flow ...........................................................................................................................8-4 8.2.3 Stream and Pond Water Level .................................................................................8-7 8.2.4 Water Quality ............................................................................................................8-8 Programmatic Measures for NPDES Compliance .................................................................8-8 8.3 Future Staffing and Equipment Needs ..................................................................................8-9 8.4 8.4.1 Engineering Services ................................................................................................8-9 8.4.2 M&O Services ........................................................................................................ 8-10 Continue Implementation of Best Practices for Asset Management ............................... 8-11 8.5 8.5.1 Continue System Inventory ................................................................................... 8-11 8.5.2 Implement Economic Life Model Using Cartegraph Data ................................... 8-12 8.5.3 Economic Life Model Improvements .................................................................... 8-12 8.5.4 Maintenance and R&R Prioritization .................................................................... 8-13 8.5.5 M&O Activities........................................................................................................ 8-13 Recommendations for Additional Activities ....................................................................... 8-14 8.6 8.6.1 Develop Easement Review and Acquisition Program ......................................... 8-14 8.6.2 Risk Assessment/Asset Vulnerability Analysis .................................................... 8-14 8.6.3 Incorporate Sustainability ..................................................................................... 8-14 9. Finance ................................................................................................................................................9-1 Past Financial Performance ...................................................................................................9-1 9.1 9.1.1 Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Net Position ........................9-1 9.1.2 Statement of Net Position ........................................................................................9-2 9.1.3 Outstanding Debt Principal ......................................................................................9-4 Available Capital Funding Resources ....................................................................................9-5 9.2 9.2.1 Internal Utility Resources .........................................................................................9-5 9.2.2 Government Programs and Resources ...................................................................9-7 9.2.3 Public Debt Financing ..............................................................................................9-9 9.2.4 Capital Resource Funding Summary .................................................................... 9-10 Table of Contents Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan viii DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Financial Plan ....................................................................................................................... 9-10 9.3 9.3.1 Utility Fund Structure ............................................................................................. 9-11 9.3.2 Financial Policies ................................................................................................... 9-11 9.3.3 Capital Funding Plan .............................................................................................. 9-13 Financial Forecast ................................................................................................................ 9-14 9.4 9.4.1 Cash Test ................................................................................................................ 9-14 9.4.2 Coverage Test ......................................................................................................... 9-14 9.4.3 Financial Forecast Assumptions ........................................................................... 9-15 9.4.4 City Funds and Reserve Balances ........................................................................ 9-17 Existing Rate Structure and Projected Schedule ............................................................... 9-17 9.5 Affordability ........................................................................................................................... 9-18 9.6 Conclusion ............................................................................................................................ 9-19 9.7 10. Limitations .................................................................................................................................... 10-1 11. References ................................................................................................................................... 11-1 Appendix A: Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit ........................................... A-1 Appendix B: Phase II NPDES Stormwater Permit Compliance Work Plan ............................................. B-1 Appendix C: Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling and Evaluation .......................................................... C-1 Appendix D: SEPA Compliance ................................................................................................................ D-1 List of Figures Figure ES-1. NPDES Compliance Schedule .......................................................................................... ES-9 Figure ES-2. Implementation Plan Activities Timeline ........................................................................ES-13 Figure 2-1. Community Development and Public Works Department Staff Organizational Chart ...... 2-2 Figure 4-1. Natural Drainage Features of the City of Auburn .............................................................. 4-13 Figure 4-2. Drainage Subareas for the City of Auburn Storm Drainage Utility .................................... 4-15 Figure 4-3. Surface Geology in the Vicinity of the City of Auburn ........................................................ 4-17 Figure 4-4. Land Use Designations for the City of Auburn ................................................................... 4-19 Figure 4-5. Drainage Infrastructure for the City of Auburn Storm Drainage Utility ............................. 4-21 Figure 4-6. City and Storm Drainage Critical Facilities for the City of Auburn .................................... 4-23 Figure 4-7. Drainage Problem Locations for the Storm Drainage Utility ............................................. 4-25 Figure 5-1. Drainage Pipe Summary ....................................................................................................... 5-5 Figure 7-1. Project Locations, Storm Drainage Utility Capital Improvement Program ......................... 7-3 Figure 7-2. Project 1: West Main Street Pump Station Upgrade ........................................................... 7-7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Table of Contents ix DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Figure 7-3. Project 2: 37th and I Streets NW Storm Improvements ................................................... 7-11 Figure 7-4. Project 3: Hillside Drainage Assessment........................................................................... 7-15 Figure 7-5. Project 4A: 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 2 .......................................................... 7-19 Figure 7-6. Project 4B: 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 3 ......................................................... 7-21 Figure 7-7. Project 5A: West Hills Drainage Improvements, S 330th St. and 46th Pl. S .................. 7-25 Figure 7-8. Project 5B: West Hill Drainage Improvements, S 314th St. and 54th Ave. S ................. 7-29 Figure 7-9. Project 6: North Airport Area Improvements ..................................................................... 7-33 Figure 7-10. Project 7: D St. SE Storm Improvements ........................................................................ 7-37 Figure 7-11. Project 8: 23rd St. SE Drainage Improvements.............................................................. 7-41 Figure 8-1. Annual Costs for 6-year CIP ...................................................................................................8-3 Figure 8-2. Proposed Monitoring Locations ............................................................................................8-6 Figure 8-3. NPDES Compliance Schedule ...............................................................................................8-9 Figure 8-4. Implementation Plan Activities Timeline ........................................................................... 8-17 List of Tables Table ES-1. Level-of-Service Goals ........................................................................................................ ES-2 Table ES-2. Project Cost Summary for 6- and 20-Year CIP ................................................................. ES-6 Table ES-3. Proposed Flow Monitoring Sites ........................................................................................ ES-7 Table ES-4. Proposed Water Level Monitoring Sites ........................................................................... ES-8 Table 2-1. 2015 and 2016 Utility Rates for Storm Drainage Service ...................................................2-3 Table 2-2. Federal, State, and City Regulations and Programs Relevant to the Auburn Storm Drainage Utility .......................................................................................................................2-5 Table 3-1. LOS Goals ................................................................................................................................3-4 Table 4-1. Precipitation Frequency Data for Auburn, Washington, from NOAA Atlas 2 ........................4-4 Table 4-2. FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps Applicable to Auburn .....................................................4-6 Table 4-3. Stormwater Drainage Infrastructure Summary .....................................................................4-7 Table 4-4. Critical City Facilities ...............................................................................................................4-8 Table 4-5. Critical Stormwater Facilities ..................................................................................................4-9 Table 4-6. Existing Drainage Problems ................................................................................................. 4-11 Table 6-1. Storm Drainage Utility M&O Personnel ..................................................................................6-2 Table 6-2. Existing Storm Drainage System Maintenance and Staffing Requirements .......................6-9 Table 6-3. Future Storm Drainage System Maintenance and Staffing Requirements ...................... 6-11 Table of Contents Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan x DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 7-1. Summary Programmatic Drainage Projects ........................................................................ 7-45 Table 8-1. Annual Project Cost Summary for 6-Year CIP ....................................................................... 8-2 Table 8-2. Cost Summary for 20-Year CIP .............................................................................................. 8-4 Table 8-3. Proposed Flow Monitoring Sites ............................................................................................ 8-5 Table 8-4. Proposed Water Level Monitoring Sites ................................................................................ 8-7 Table 8-5. Future Engineering Services Staffing Needs ...................................................................... 8-10 Table 8-6. Future Maintenance and Operations Staffing Needs ......................................................... 8-11 Table 9-1. Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Fund Net Position .............................. 9-2 Table 9-2. Statement of Net Position ...................................................................................................... 9-2 Table 9-3. Outstanding Debt .................................................................................................................... 9-5 Table 9-4. Current System Development Charge Schedule .................................................................. 9-6 Table 9-5. Drainage CIP ......................................................................................................................... 9-13 Table 9-6. Capital Financing Plan .......................................................................................................... 9-14 Table 9-7. Financial Forecast ................................................................................................................ 9-16 Table 9-8. Cash Balance Summary ....................................................................................................... 9-17 Table 9-9. Projected Rate Schedule ...................................................................................................... 9-18 Table 9-10. Affordability Test ................................................................................................................. 9-19 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Table of Contents xi DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx List of Abbreviations § section ACC Auburn City Code BAB Build America Bonds BMP best management practice CCTV closed-circuit television CEMP City’s Emergency Management Plan CERB Community Economic Revitalization Board cfs cubic foot/feet per second CIP Capital Improvement Program CMMS computerized maintenance management system Comp Plan Comprehensive Plan for the City of Auburn (Land Use Plan) CWA Clean Water Act DEM Digital Elevation Model Drainage Plan Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Ecology Washington State Department of Ecology Engineering Engineering Services (division within Community Development and Public Works) EPA Environmental Protection Agency ESA Endangered Species Act ESU equivalent service unit EWE Energy and Water Efficiency FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FIRM Flood Insurance Rate Map FIS Flood Insurance Study FTE full-time equivalent GASB Governmental Accounting Standards Board GIS geographic information system GMA Growth Management Act GO general obligation HDPE high-density polyethylene H&H hydrologic and hydraulic HPA Hydraulic Project Approval IDDE illicit discharge detection and elimination KCFCD King County Flood Control Zone District LFC local facilities charge LID low-impact development LOS level of service LOMR Letter of Map Revision MACP Manhole Assessment and Certification Program MEP maximum extent practicable M&O maintenance and operations MS4 municipal separate storm sewer system NASSCO National Association of Sewer Service Companies NAVD88 North American Vertical Datum 1988 NFIP National Flood Insurance Program NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPDES National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System NPDES Permit Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit NRCS Natural Resources Conservation Service NSF non-single-family PACP Pipeline Assessment and Certification Program PWB Public Works Board RCW Revised Code of Washington ROW right-of-way R&R repair and replacement RSI required supplementary information SCADA supervisory control and data acquisition SDC system development charge SEPA State Environmental Policy Act SFAP Stormwater Financial Assistance Program SFHA Special Flood Hazard Area SR State Route Table of Contents Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan xii DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx SRS software requirement specification SWIF System Wide Improvement Framework SWMM Surface Water Management Manual SWMP Stormwater Management Program TMDL total maximum daily load ULID utility local improvement district USACE U.S. Army Corps of Engineers VRFA Valley Regional Fire Authority WAC Washington Administrative Code WRCC Western Regional Climate Center WSDOT Washington State Department of Transportation ES-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Executive Summary This Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan (Drainage Plan) for the City of Auburn (City) updates the previous plan, which was completed in 2009. The update was done to address new regulatory requirements, refine and document maintenance and operations (M&O) practices and assess staffing needs, update the list of projects for the Capital Improvement Program (CIP), and develop a current financial plan. This new Drainage Plan is intended to guide future activities and improvements for the storm drainage system based on an asset management approach. This Drainage Plan was developed through the following steps: • Review relevant information regarding the Storm Drainage Utility organizational structure, funding mechanisms, and regulatory drivers (Chapter 2). • Review and update the level-of-service (LOS) goals in light of current Storm Drainage Utility responsibilities and new regulatory requirements (Chapter 3). LOS goals are policy- and community- based objectives for capital facility infrastructure development, operation, maintenance, and other Storm Drainage Utility activities. • Characterize the current and expected future conditions of the natural and constructed drainage systems (Chapter 4) and identified drainage problems. The constructed drainage system requires a detailed system inventory for use in analyses and asset management. • Evaluate the Storm Drainage Utility to identify potential gaps between the LOS goals and current or expected future service levels (Chapter 5). Evaluations included hydraulic analyses of the drainage system, asset life-cycle analyses, environmental investigations, and review of M&O activities (Chapter 6). • Evaluate alternatives to reduce or eliminate identified gaps in service (Chapter 7) and select the measures to be included in the Drainage Plan based on detailed hydraulic modeling, estimated costs, and other factors. • Establish the implementation plan, which is the future work plan for the Storm Drainage Utility (Chapter 8). Capital improvement projects from Chapter 7 were prioritized and placed into 6-year and 20-year CIP time frames. Non-capital works recommendations such as flow monitoring, regulatory compliance, future staffing needs improvements, additional asset management best practices, and additional programs and analysis are also included in the implementation plan. • Prepare a financial plan (Chapter 9) to support the costs associated with proposed improvements. This Drainage Plan contains implementation for future actions and decisions. These time frames could change depending on factors such as scheduling of project work, funding, and future opportunities to coordinate with non-Storm Drainage Utility projects such as road improvements. Therefore, the time frames are intended as guidance only and do not represent actual commitments by the City. The following sections summarize the development of the Drainage Plan and outline the recommendations contained in the implementation plan and a summary of the financial plan. ES-1 LOS Goals LOS goals provide a framework for the Storm Drainage Utility to assess its staffing levels, prioritize its resources, justify its rate structure, and document its successes. It is important that LOS goals include clear criteria for evaluating Storm Drainage Utility performance. LOS goals are based on existing City Executive Summary Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan ES-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx policies as presented in the Comprehensive Plan for the City of Auburn (Comp Plan). LOS goals and associated City policies are summarized in Table ES-1. Table ES-1. Level-of-Service Goals Item Policy description 2015 Drainage Plan LOS goal Policy category: business practices 1 The City desires to employ recognized best business practices that result in the efficient and cost-effective operation of the utility. See proposed new policy CF-XX. The City shall identify the key business functions within the utility (e.g., billing, permitting, asset management, and planning) and develop supporting best business practices for each. The utility will conduct a performance audit every 6 years in conjunction with its capital projects planning cycle to evaluate how well best business practices are being implemented and how effective they are. 2 The City shall seek to employ the best practices for asset management by systematically basing choices on an understanding of asset performance, risks, and costs in the long term. See proposed new policy CF-XX. The City shall begin implementing the following best practices for all stormwater facilities during the next planning period and report progress annually: • Have knowledge about assets and costs (i.e., detailed inventories and condition assessments) • Maintain desired levels of service confirmed by customers • Take a life-cycle approach to asset management planning Implement the planned solutions to provide reliable, cost-effective service Policy category: protection of public safety and property 3 The City shall seek to manage stormwater runoff within the public right-of-way (ROW) to allow access to and functionality of critical services such as hospitals, fire and police stations, Emergency Operations Center, maintenance and operations, and City Hall. See policy EN-57. Surface water flooding will disrupt the function of critical facilities (i.e., with floodwaters reaching the building structure, damaging the structure, and permitting no ingress/egress) with an annual chance of occurrence of no greater than 1% (i.e., an average recurrence interval of 100 years). 4 The City shall seek to manage stormwater runoff within the public ROW to preserve mobility on major transportation routes (i.e., arterial roads) and residential roads. See policy EN-57. Flooding disruption that inundates city roadways to an impassable level with an annual chance of occurrence of no greater than 4% (i.e., an average recurrence interval of 25 years). 5 The City shall seek to manage stormwater runoff from the public ROW to protect real property structures (e.g., residences and businesses). See policy EN-57. Flooding (surface water from ROW runoff entering premises and damaging building structures) with an annual chance of occurrence of no greater than 2 percent (i.e., an average recurrence interval of 50 years). 6 The City shall seek to prevent erosion and landslides related to construction, operation, and maintenance of the publicly owned drainage system. See policies CF- 48 and EN-3. No erosion or landslides resulting from public drainage infrastructure construction, operation, or maintenance. 7 The City shall seek to maintain storm drainage infrastructure to ensure proper function of drainage facilities. The City shall seek to seasonally maintain storm drain inlets, conveyance, and outfalls to preserve design conveyance capacity. See policies CF-40, CF- 42, and EN-17. The City will continue to refine its maintenance practices and reallocate staff as needed to address seasonal concerns, with an emphasis on maintaining facilities that have a high “consequence of failure.” An example would be focusing extra M&O staff on catch basin inlet cleaning during autumn when leaves are falling. All activities will be documented within the City’s Cartegraph computerized maintenance management system (CMMS). Policy category: reliability of the storm drainage infrastructure 8 The City shall seek to maintain an asset criticality database to be used in prioritizing asset maintenance and R&R. See policies CF-40 and EN-17. The existing criticality database (developed for the 2008 Drainage Plan) will be refined to include more asset information, such as pipe material, diameter, age, consequence of failure, etc. The criticality database will be validated using the results of previous and ongoing M&O inspections. Activities will be documented within the City’s Cartegraph CMMS. 9 The City shall seek to perform condition assessments of critical assets. See policies CF-40 and EN-17. The City will develop and implement a condition assessment schedule for all critical assets as identified through criticality analyses of stormwater infrastructure assets. Criticality is based on the risk and consequences of failure. Criticality data will be stored in a criticality database, and all condition assessment activities will be documented in the City’s Cartegraph CMMS. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Executive Summary ES-3 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table ES-1. Level-of-Service Goals Item Policy description 2015 Drainage Plan LOS goal 10 The City shall seek to repair or replace system assets before they exceed their economic lives. See policies CF-40 and EN-17. The number of high-criticality pipe segments beyond their economic lives will be determined. After the criticality database inventory is complete, the City’s goal will be to limit the number of pipe segments beyond their economic lives, including setting specific numeric goals for replacement of those segments. 11 The City shall seek to conduct maintenance activities in accordance with a schedule developed to comply with Ecology requirements and asset criticality. See policies CF-40, EN-12, and EN-17. No deferred maintenance on all critical or Ecology-required assets. The City will prioritize its inspection activities based on the combined “risk of failure” and “consequence of failure” computed by the criticality database and meet current NPDES inspection schedule (e.g., inspecting catch basins). The experience of M&O staff should be incorporated into the criticality database (see item 8 above). All inspection activities will be documented in the CMMS. 12 The City shall seek to maintain storm drainage infrastructure to ensure proper function of drainage facilities in accordance with Ecology requirements. See policies CF-40, CF-42, and EN-15. The City will develop a ditch maintenance program. The City will secure proper permits as well as coordinate with other agencies for work in the associated ROW. The ditch maintenance program will consist of inspecting and maintaining all ditches within the permit cycle and then on an as-needed basis. 13 The City shall seek to manage stormwater runoff from the public ROW with City-owned facilities located in the public ROW or on City-owned property. The City shall maintain or seek access to City-owned facilities for necessary maintenance and operation. See policy EN- 17. The City’s Storm Drainage Utility will be responsible for maintenance and operation of the City’s drainage system. The City shall seek to have access to all City-owned drainage infrastructure. The City shall seek to obtain easements or relocate infrastructure as necessary to maintain access. Policy category: protection of the environment 14 The City shall seek to comply with all federal and state regulations applied to stormwater management activities. See policy GP-23. Meet all requirements of the Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit with no enforcement actions of the CWA for violations as a result of City stormwater operations. 15 The City shall seek to provide pump redundancy and backup power generators or dual power feeds at City- owned and -operated drainage pump stations. See policy EN-17. All pump stations will be designed with two or more pumps to ensure proper function during maintenance. Backup and/or dual-feed power supplies will be installed as needed. 16 The City shall seek to comply with all federal, state, and local regulations in operation and maintenance of the City’s storm drainage infrastructure. See policy EN-12. Meet all specific targets. Examples include complying with NPDES Phase II inspection cycle, performing all necessary ESA consultations, etc. 17 The City shall protect and preserve existing native vegetation and drainage courses while maintaining their conveyance capacity. See policy CF-45. No net loss of native vegetation (in terms of area) or natural drainage systems (in terms of stream length) to maintain existing habitat along drainage ways. This does not apply to constructed or maintained facilities. 18 The City shall seek to comply with all federal, state, and local regulations to reduce runoff volumes and pollutant loads associated with new development and redevelopment. See policies CF-51 and EN-15. The City will comply with the elements of the Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit and will adopt or implement the Ecology manual or equivalent for new development and redevelopment. 19 The City shall place emphasis on onsite approaches such as LID as the first consideration for runoff and pollutant load reduction for new development and redevelopment. See policy EN-17A. The City will identify feasibility criteria and provide guidance for the implementation of LID drainage management measures for new development and redevelopment (including City-owned properties). 20 The City shall seek to evaluate Storm Drainage Utility activities to emphasize sustainability. See policy GP- 28a. City staff will identify specific areas to measure sustainability by examining how Storm Drainage Utility operations affect energy resources, natural resources, and the community. City staff will benchmark practices and log changes over the next planning period. 21 The City shall continue to participate in regional storm drainage, water resources, and water quality planning efforts. See policies CF-48, CF-50, and EN-12. The City will continue to actively participate in developing and implementing regional water quality planning and flood hazard reduction efforts within the Green River, Mill Creek, and White River drainage basins. The City will participate in the state’s water quality monitoring program. Executive Summary Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan ES-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table ES-1. Level-of-Service Goals Item Policy description 2015 Drainage Plan LOS goal 22 The City shall comply with all federal, state, and local regulations in the inspection of the City’s publicly owned storm drainage infrastructure and privately owned LID facilities. See policy CF-42. For all new LID systems constructed after 2016, the City will develop authority and an inspection frequency for stormwater facilities developed in compliance with the NPDES Phase II Stormwater Permit. The City will develop an inspection assessment database to monitor and schedule facility maintenance for all publicly owned storm drainage infrastructure and privately owned LID facilities. This database will provide maintenance information for the criticality database in the City’s Cartegraph CMMS. Policy category: Storm Drainage Utility financial performance 23 The City shall continue to fund and provide storm drainage services through the existing Storm Drainage Utility. See policy CF-40. The City’s Storm Drainage Utility should be responsible for implementation, maintenance, and operation of the City’s drainage system, with a goal of 100% of the cost of drainage service delivery recovered via Storm Drainage Utility fees. Seek opportunities to provide public drainage benefits through grant funding and/or development partnerships where applicable. 24 The City shall assess appropriate rates and SDCs to fund the ongoing maintenance, operation, and capital expenditures of the utility, in accordance with the Drainage Plan. See policy CF-41. Periodic cost-of-service studies shall be completed to reassess the monthly service fees and SDCs. Updates to coincide with all 6-year CIP updates. 25 The City shall seek to track the cost of claims as a metric. See policy CF-41. City staff will summarize the annual costs of claims for the recent past to establish a baseline measurement of existing practices. If the current costs are deemed excessive, City staff will evaluate methods to reduce the risk of claims and measure its progress at reducing the overall cost of claims. 26 The City shall seek to track elements of capital improvement project implementation: (1) individual schedule, (2) project budget accuracy, and (3) overall performance in implementing CIP. See policies CF-40 and CF-48. City staff will summarize current methods for capital improvement project implementation to create a baseline (e.g., schedule and costs) against which future improvements can be evaluated. Policy category: customer satisfaction 27 The City shall seek to evaluate and strive to maintain customer satisfaction with Storm Drainage Utility service delivery. See policy CF-40. To effectively measure the public perception of utility performance, City staff will conduct the following: (1) summarize annual customer complaint reports, (2) communicate proactively with community and stakeholders regarding drainage infrastructure improvements, and (3) comply with Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit requirements for public education and outreach. 28 The City shall seek to build, operate, and maintain storm drainage infrastructure within an overarching goal of protecting employee safety. See policy CF-40. City staff will track health and safety incidents to create a baseline against which to evaluate future improvements. ES-2 Evaluation of the Storm Drainage Utility A series of analyses were conducted to evaluate the Storm Drainage Utility and identify gaps between existing service levels and the desired LOS goals. The following evaluations were completed as: • Hydraulic: Hydraulic evaluations consisted of using hydraulic models covering locations of existing problems to evaluate problems and develop capital improvement projects. Existing hydraulic models were updated based on recent geographic information system (GIS) data, design drawings, and record drawings. Some model updates also included calibration to flow monitoring data that were collected in 2010 and 2011. For problem areas that had not been previously modeled, new models were developed to estimate flow for capital improvement project sizing. • Asset management: Asset life-cycle evaluations require detailed system information. System data (e.g., pipe material, pipe age, and proximity to critical facilities), which are stored in the City’s Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Executive Summary ES-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Cartegraph CMMS, are used for such an analysis. This Drainage Plan includes a recommendation for implementing the economic life model using the data in Cartegraph. • Environmental: Environmental evaluations centered on regulatory compliance for the 2013–18 National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit (NPDES Permit). The permit was compared to the previous permit to identify additional requirements that could affect City regulations, facilities, and activities. The results were used to identify gaps and develop potential actions to comply with the NPDES Permit conditions over the permit period. The results of that effort, including as they affect Storm Drainage Utility staffing needs, are summarized in this Drainage Plan. The Compliance Work Plan, which outlines and guides compliance activities over the current permit term, was also updated based on the results of the analysis and is provided as an appendix to this Drainage Plan. • Maintenance and operations: Existing M&O activities were evaluated to establish a baseline understanding of the preventive and responsive maintenance procedures currently performed by City Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff. The results were compared to LOS goals in order to estimate Storm Drainage Utility staffing, data collection, computerized record-keeping, and other Storm Drainage Utility needs. This plan identifies recommendations for improving existing services or work productivity and for regulatory compliance. ES-3 Implementation Plan The implementation plan is intended to serve as the work plan for the Storm Drainage Utility. The implementation plan consists of 6-year and 20-year CIPs, recommendations including monitoring and data collection, activities for NPDES compliance, and recommendations for using asset management strategies to improve utility M&O with an outlook on long-term sustainability. ES-3.1 6-Year and 20-Year CIP The 6-year CIP focuses mainly on existing flooding problems where recent storm events have revealed deficiencies in the drainage system. The capital improvement projects are designed to mitigate flooding in these areas and are expected to provide immediate benefits. The 6-year CIP also contains ongoing programmatic efforts, such as the Storm Drainage Utility’s participation in the Street Utility Improvements program. As current problems are addressed in the near term, the focus of the CIP begins to shift toward a more proactive program, where repair and replacement (R&R) of storm drainage assets can be prioritized according to the optimal timing for interventions. Ultimately, this process will allow the City to meet customer service levels, effectively manage risks, and minimize the City’s costs of ownership. The 20- year CIP includes R&R. Table ES-2 lists the 12 capital improvement projects included in this Drainage Plan and lays out annual expenditures for the 6-year and 20-year CIP time frames. Executive Summary Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan ES-6 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table ES-2. Project Cost Summary for 6- and 20-Year CIP Project number Project name Priority Repair/ Replacement Upgrade/ Expansion 6-year CIP 2022–35 Total project costs, $a 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 1 West Main Street Pump Station Upgrade 1 100% 2,968,000 2,968,000 2 37th and I Streets NW Storm Improvements 1 100% 291,000 291,000 3 Hillside Drainage Assessment 1 100% 139,000 150,000 289,000 4A 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 2 2 100% 896,000 896,000 4B 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 3 3 100% 2,124,000 2,124,000 5A West Hills Drainage Improvements at S 330th St. and 46th Pl. S 2 100% 317,000 317,000 5B West Hills Drainage Improvements near S 314th St. and 54th Ave. S 3 100% 408,000 304,000 712,000 6 North Airport Area Improvements 2 100% 218,000 218,000 7 D St. SE Storm Improvements 2 100% 1,827,000 1,827,000 8 23rd St. SE Drainage Improvements 3 100% 316,500 316,500 633,000 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan update 1 35% 65% 300,000 300,000 10 Composting Facility 1 100% 750,000 22,000 23,100 24,300 25,600 533,800 1,379,000 11 Storm Drainage Infrastructure Repair & Replacement Program 1 100% 100,000 1,000,000 100,000 1,000,000 100,000 1,000,000 7,700,000 11,000,000 12 Street Utility Improvements 1 100% 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 1,400,000 2,000,000 Total CIP cost for priority 1 projects 3,598,000 2,000,000 222,000 1,123,100 524,300 1,125,600 9,633,800 18,227,000 Total CIP cost for priority 2 projects 535,000 896,000 1,827,000 0 0 0 0 3,258,000 Total CIP cost for priority 3 projects 0 0 724,500 2,124,000 304,0000 316,500 0 3,469,000 Total CIP cost $4,133,000 $2,896,000 $2,707,000 $3,247,100 $828,300 $1,442,100 $9,633,800 $24,954,000 a. Project costs are in 2014 dollars. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Executive Summary ES-7 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx ES-3.2 Monitoring Precipitation, stormwater flow, and water level data are needed to simulate rainfall-runoff processes with hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) models. Precipitation is the source of stormwater runoff, and precipitation intensity and duration data are needed to drive H&H models. The City currently collects rainfall data with a rain gauge at City Hall. Stormwater flow data, such as flow rates, runoff volumes, and flooding elevations, are needed to calibrate models to assess the current capacity of the storm drainage system and develop potential capital improvement projects. Water level data can be useful for evaluating the performance of stormwater ponds and assessing the risk of overtopping. Water level monitoring in creeks to which the City’s system discharges can be helpful to evaluate water level changes due to restoration and culvert replacement activities, and their impacts on the storm drainage system. The City should continue to collect these types of data and store them in a consistent and organized manner. Table ES-3 summarizes specific recommendations for additional flow monitoring data collection for two potential problem areas. Table ES-4 summarizes specific recommendations for ongoing water level data collection at existing creek and pond locations, as well as additional pond locations. Table ES-3. Proposed Flow Monitoring Sites Site numbera Location Purpose Measurement Start year Approx. durationb Potential problem area: Riverwalk Drive and Howard Road (increasing the tributary area to 17th and 21st street ponds) P1012- C690_C689 Intersection of Auburn Way S and Riverwalk Dr. SE Quantify flow from upstream areas tributary to flow control device in CB1012-C688 Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons CB1012-C688 Intersection of Auburn Way S and Riverwalk Dr. SE Estimate flows to high flow ditch on Riverwalk Dr. SE Depth 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons C1111- C1469_C1470 Intersection of Howard Rd. and Riverwalk Dr. SE Quantify flows to support modeling flows that may be connected to the City’s system at CB1011-C1474 Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons P1011- C1452_C1453 Howard Rd. between 21st St. SE and Riverwalk Dr. SE Quantify flows to support modeling flows that may be connected to the City’s system at CB1011-C1474 Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons P1011- C1086_C1137 Howard Rd. between 21st St. SE and Riverwalk Dr. SE Quantify flows to support modeling flows that may be connected to the City’s system at CB1011-C1474 Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons P1010-C3_C29 Howard Rd. near Auburn Way S Provide data for H&H model calibration (subbasin C) Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons P1010- B220_B221 21st and K Streets SE Provide data for H&H model calibration (subbasin C) post-CIP (AWS Phase 2)c Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons Potential problem area: 2nd and G streets SE P909- C122_C121 Auburn Way S, near 9th St. SE Quantify flows upstream of flow split (at MH 909- C12) between subbasins B and C, and provide data for H&H model calibration Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons P809- C113_C112 F St. SE, north of SR 18 Quantify flows upstream of sewer crossing, and provide data for H&H model calibration Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons P810- C701_809-C18 G St. SE and E Main St. Provide data for H&H model calibration (subbasin C) Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons Executive Summary Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan ES-8 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table ES-3. Proposed Flow Monitoring Sites Site numbera Location Purpose Measurement Start year Approx. durationb P810-C698_C16 M St. SE, south of E Main St. Provide data for H&H model calibration since M St. Grade Separation and Well 1 Transmission Projects implementation Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons P810-C15_C241 E Main St. and N St. SE Estimate backwater effects on drainage system Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons a. P = pipe, C = culvert, CB = catch basin, MH = manhole. b. Data to support CIP need at least one wet season of good data—approximately October through April; if sufficiently large storms occur during the first season, then year 2 data may not be necessary. Monitoring period and duration within a potential problem area should be the same. c. Relieve Auburn Way S Flooding; Phase 2 (AWS Phase 2) is planned for construction in 2015. d. Detailed survey of the flow split at MH 909-C12 should be completed prior to flow monitoring, to understand system hydraulics at this location. Table ES-4. Proposed Water Level Monitoring Sites Site number Location Purpose Start year Approx. duration WL-Mill-01 Mill Creek at 37th St. NW Evaluate stages in Mill Creek and assess backwater effects on drainage system Ongoing since 2011 10 yearsa WL-Mill-02 Mill Creek at 29th St. NW Evaluate stages in Mill Creek and assess backwater effects on drainage system Ongoing since 2011 10 yearsa WL-Mill-03 Mill Creek at 15th St. NW Evaluate stages in Mill Creek and assess backwater effects on drainage system Ongoing since 2011 10 yearsa WL-Mill-04 Mill Creek at West Main St. Evaluate stages in Mill Creek and assess backwater effects on drainage system Ongoing since 2011 10 yearsa WL-Pond-17thSt 17th and A streets SE Monitor pond performance (water levels and infiltration rates) Ongoing since 2010 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-21stSt 21st and D streets SE Monitor pond performance (water levels and infiltration rates) Ongoing since 2011 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-RiverN Riverwalk Dr. SE and U St. SE Monitor pond performance (water levels and infiltration rates) and evaluate capacity in support of analysis for potential problem area at Riverwalk and Howard Road 2015 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-LakeS1 Lakeland South Pond 1 Monitor water level to evaluate hazard risk (dam safety) 2015 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-LakeS2 Lakeland South Pond 2 Monitor water level to evaluate hazard risk (dam safety) 2015 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-LakeEP Lakeland East Pond Monitor water level to evaluate hazard risk (dam safety) 2015 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-Mill Mill Pond (Oravetz Rd. SE) Monitor water level to evaluate hazard risk (dam safety) 2015 Indefiniteb a. Based on need to examine backwater effects on system; if new capital improvements are identified for Mill Creek, additional years may be needed. b. To be continually reevaluated; if data indicate that stormwater pond is performing adequately or has low risk of failure, then monitoring could cease. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Executive Summary ES-9 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx ES-3.3 Programmatic Measures for NPDES Compliance As part of NPDES, the City of Auburn is covered by the NPDES Permit, which regulates stormwater discharges from the City’s municipal separate storm sewer system (MS4). The City is actively engaged in stormwater management activities to comply with the Permit, including the following: • Stormwater management plan administration • Public education and outreach • Public involvement and participation • Illicit discharge detection and elimination (IDDE) • Control of runoff from new development, redevelopment, and construction sites • Municipal operations and maintenance • Monitoring and assessment The compliance schedule for key NPDES Permit requirements is included in Figure ES-1. The City of Auburn 2015 Stormwater Management Program Plan (City of Auburn, March 2015) provides additional details regarding the City’s NPDES compliance activities. Figure ES-1. NPDES Compliance Schedule Executive Summary Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan ES-10 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx ES-3.4 Future Staffing and Equipment Needs Current Engineering Services (Engineering) and M&O staff and equipment were reviewed in light of anticipated NPDES Permit requirements as well as existing and future M&O responsibilities. Based on this evaluation, the following additional staff and equipment are recommended: • 1.15 full-time equivalent (FTE) Engineering Services • 3.3 FTE M&O Services • Closed-circuit television (CCTV) inspection equipment • Excavator for ditch and stormwater pond maintenance ES-3.5 Assessment Management Additional recommendations were made for activities to support asset management and ongoing M&O: • Continue system inventory: The City should continue its comprehensive system inventory and the inventory should be continually updated to reflect additional data collected during maintenance activities (i.e., condition assessment and frequency of maintenance activities) and drainage system changes through capital improvement projects. • Implement economic life model using Cartegraph data: The City should implement the economic life model for the pipes in its stormwater collection system using Cartegraph CMMS as a primary data source. Improvements to the model should also be implemented including incorporating City data on costs and failure rates, as well as adding catch basins and manholes to the model. • Optimize M&O program: The City should continue to use the economic life model to optimize M&O activities. Model results can be used to prioritize M&O activities and R&R for the assets for which the City is carrying most of its risk. The City should continue the implementation of the National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO) Pipeline Assessment and Certification Program (PACP) and Manhole Assessment and Certification Program (MACP) certified inspection programs to allow integration of inspection and condition assessment results with Cartegraph. The City should also provide staff training to ensure assessment consistency. ES-3.6 Recommendations for Additional Activities Additional recommendations were made for activities that will support the Storm Drainage Utility in meeting its LOS: • Develop easement review and acquisition program: Parts of the City’s drainage network, particularly in areas annexed from King County, are located outside of the right-of-way (ROW) and cross private property without easements. The City should develop a process to ensure that it can meet the LOS goal related to having access to City-owned facilities for M&O activities. • Conduct risk assessment/asset vulnerability analysis: The City should conduct a vulnerability analysis on the entire stormwater drainage system to examine the potential for natural disasters such as flood, erosion, earthquake, or volcanic activity to cause system failures. Of particular concern are critical facilities such as pump stations, hospitals, fire stations, M&O, City Hall, and City Hall Annex. The probabilities of failure associated with natural hazards should be weighed with the consequences of failure to determine if action is necessary and to identify appropriate mitigation measures. • Incorporate sustainability: The City should take steps toward incorporating sustainability into Storm Drainage Utility activities. Recommended actions include developing specific and measurable sustainability goals for the Storm Drainage Utility and establishing standards that incorporate sustainability into project and activities. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Executive Summary ES-11 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx A timeline (Figure ES-2) was developed to illustrate how each of the recommended activities in the implementation plan fit together within the 6-year and 20-year time frames. ES-3 Financial Plan A financial plan was developed to identify the total cost of providing storm drainage service and to provide a financial program that allows the Storm Drainage Utility to remain financially viable during execution of the CIP. The viability analysis considered the historical financial condition of the Storm Drainage Utility, sufficiency of utility revenues to meet current and future financial and policy obligations, and financial impact of executing the CIP. The plan also provides a review of the Storm Drainage Utility’s rate structure with respect to rate adequacy and customer affordability. The financial analysis indicated that the adopted rates should be sufficient to meet the predicted Storm Drainage Utility financial obligations through 2018 with minimal bonds. An average rate increase of 2.6 percent is required to meet Storm Drainage Utility financial obligations for 2019 through 2021. The evaluation also found that the projected rates would remain well within the defined threshold of affordability 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2035 1. West Main Street Pump Station Upgrade 2. 37th and I Streets NW Storm Improvements 3. Hillside Drainage Assessment 4A. 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 2 4B. 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 3 5A. West Hills Drainage Improvements at S 330th St. & 46th Pl. S 5B. West Hills Drainage Improvements near S 3114th St. & 54th Ave. S 6. North Airport Area Improvements 7. D St. SE Storm Improvements 9. Composting Facility 10. Storm Drainage Infrastructure Repair & Replacement 11. Street Utility Improvements Q1Q2Q3Q4 Pipe 1011-C1086_1011-C1137 Pipe 1011-C1452_1011-C1453 Culvert 1111-C1469_1111-C1470 Catch basin 1012-C688 Pipe 1012-C690_1012-C689 Pipe 1010-C3_1010-C29 Pipe 1010-B220_1010-B221 WL-Mill-01,02,03,04. Mill Creek Profile WL-Pond-17thSt. 17th and A Streets SE WL-Pond-21stSt. 21st and D Streets SE WL-Pond-RiverN. Riverwalk Dr. SE and U St. SE WL-Pond-LakeS1, -LakeS2, -LakeEP& -Mill Detailed 6-year CIP Time Frame Annual inspections of City-approved facilities constructed under terms of permit Adopt 2012 Ecology Manual or equivalent manual Measure effectiveness of public outreach En d o f N P D E S Pe r m i t Establish specific sustainability goals and standards Continue system inventory Conduct new economic life-cycle analyses Implement economic life-model using Cartegraph data Implement additional M&O activities Develop easement review and acquisition program Remaining 20-year CIP Summary Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ACTIVITIES TIMELINE City of Auburn Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Additional Activities (Section 8.5) NPDES Compliance (Section 8.3) Monitoring (Section 8.2) CIP (Section 8.1) Data feed Activity (may start before 2016) K E Y Risk assessment/asset vulnerability analysis Complete one inspection of each catch basin Review & update operations, maintenance & inspections standards 8. 23rd St. SE Drainage Improvements Phase 1 Phase 2 Pipe 809-C113_809-C112 Pipe 909-C122_909-C121 Pipe 810-C701_809-C18 Pipe 810-C15_810-C241 Pipe 810-C698_810-C16 Complete field screening for 40% of storm drainage system Complete field screening for 12% of storm drainage system annually Revise ACC to reflect IDDE changes Compile and submit a summary of LID review and revision process Post SWMP documents to website annually Review, revise & adopt local development codes, standards, & policies to require LID Phase 1 Phase 2 Timing dependent on project to be implemented in 2015 1-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 1 Introduction This Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan (Drainage Plan) for the City of Auburn, Washington, updates the previous plan that was completed in December 2009 and amended in 2011. An update to the 2009 Drainage Plan is necessary for several reasons: • The Washington State Growth Management Act (GMA) requires planning documents to be reassessed and updated periodically. • New and updated regulatory and permitting requirements, such as those associated with the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES), need to be addressed. • Continued growth and development, especially in areas annexed from King County, requires new and revised evaluations of the storm drainage system to maintain an understanding of existing and potential problems throughout the utility service area. • The system inventory has been updated and is needed to account for utility assets and to improve the accuracy of the analyses used to develop capital improvement projects. • The Capital Improvement Program (CIP) proposed in the 2009 Drainage Plan needs to be reevaluated to account for completed projects, changes in system conditions, and new development, as well as to incorporate new financial information. • Additional capital improvement projects need to be developed for problems identified since the 2009 Drainage Plan. This comprehensive plan contains time frames that are the intended framework for future funding decisions and within which future actions and decisions are intended to occur. However, these time frames are estimates, and depending on factors involved in the processing of applications and project work, and availability of funding, the timing may change from the included time frames. The framework does not represent actual commitments by the City of Auburn, which may depend on funding resources available. Purpose and Objectives 1.1 The purpose of this Drainage Plan is to guide the City’s Storm Drainage Utility with respect to future activities and improvements. The Drainage Plan’s objectives are to: • Evaluate environmental, social, and regulatory drivers to update the level-of-service (LOS) goals for capital facility infrastructure development, operation, maintenance, and other key elements of utility management • Incorporate updates to the stormwater drainage system inventory into the hydraulic models used for analyzing the system • Perform hydraulic modeling analysis to evaluate system capacity focusing on known problems and areas where data are available for model development and calibration • Identify monitoring needs for evaluating the performance of system assets, as well as for calibrating hydraulic models in future modeling efforts • Develop a CIP that meets required customer service levels, effectively managing risks, and minimizing the City’s costs of drainage asset ownership Chapter 1 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 1-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • Document maintenance and operations (M&O) activities and develop recommendations for improving the M&O program • Prioritize capital improvement projects to accommodate both 6- and 20-year funding frameworks • Incorporate information and activities from concurrent NPDES compliance planning • Identify additional staffing needed based on NPDES requirements and future M&O activities • Develop programmatic recommendations to address utility needs Approach and Document Organization 1.2 Asset management principles were used throughout the development of this Drainage Plan. An asset management approach is designed to deliver defined service levels at an acceptable risk with the lowest life-cycle cost. Given this approach, identified problems were analyzed with respect to LOS goals, and recommendations were developed for achieving those goals. This Drainage Plan is organized in a way that focuses on the actions the utility will take while implementing the plan. In most cases, supporting documentation and background information is included in appendices rather than chapters of the Drainage Plan. The Drainage Plan is organized into the following chapters: Chapter 1 Introduction: describes the reasons for developing an updated Drainage Plan, and also states the purpose and objectives of the Drainage Plan Chapter 2 Background: provides background information regarding the Storm Drainage Utility and regulatory drivers for developing LOS goals Chapter 3 Utility Policies and Level-of-Service Goals: specifies the LOS goals used to develop capital improvements and future M&O activities Chapter 4 Drainage System: describes the existing conditions of the City’s drainage system Chapter 5 Evaluation of the Storm Drainage Utility: describes methodologies used to evaluate existing problems and develop capital improvement projects Chapter 6 Maintenance and Operations: documents existing Storm Drainage Utility M&O activities Chapter 7 Capital Improvements: describes recommended capital improvement projects including cost estimates and conceptual figures Chapter 8 Implementation Plan: prioritizes capital improvement projects and lays out a future work plan Chapter 9 Finance: identifies the total cost of providing stormwater drainage services and provides a program for the utility to remain viable during execution of the CIP Chapter 10 Limitations Chapter 11 References 2-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 2 Background This chapter provides a brief description of the Storm Drainage Utility; organizational structure; and funding mechanisms; as well as an overview of the federal, state, and local regulations that can affect stormwater management in the city. Storm Drainage Utility 2.1 Recurring local flooding, continued development, and degradation of water resources led the City of Auburn to form a public utility in 1986 to provide ongoing management of a storm drainage system 1. Chapter 35.67 of the Revised Code of Washington (RCW) provides for the creation and funding of a public sewerage system and associated drainage systems. Establishment of a Storm Drainage Utility is found in Chapter 13.48 of the Auburn City Code (ACC). The general purpose of the Storm Drainage Utility is to avoid public nuisances and promote public health, safety, and welfare by reducing the likelihood of: • Inundation of public and private property by stormwater • Uncontrolled volume increase, rate, or contaminated load of runoff • Degradation of existing water resources such as creeks, streams, rivers, ponds, lakes, groundwater, and other water bodies • Degradation of water used for contact recreation, aquatic habitat, and aesthetic quality • Jeopardy to the community’s compliance with federal flood insurance programs The City’s current storm drainage system consists of 210 miles of pipe, 40 miles of ditches, more than 11,000 catch basins and manholes, 293 storage and water quality facilities, and 7 stormwater pump stations designed to convey rainwater from various collection points for eventual discharge to nearby receiving waters. A detailed description of the drainage system is provided in Chapter 4. Sections 2.1.1 and 2.1.2 below describe the organizational structure of the Storm Drainage Utility and funding mechanisms, respectively. 2.1.1 Organizational Structure The City’s Storm Drainage Utility is organized under the larger umbrella of the Community Development and Public Works Department. This department covers six basic areas of responsibility: • Water Utility Program • Sanitary Sewer Utility Program • Storm Drainage Utility Program • Transportation Program • Maintenance and Operations Program • Community Development Services 1 A public utility for stormwater management was established by City of Auburn Ordinance 4193 on December 15, 1986. Chapter 2 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 2-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Under these programs the Community Development and Public Works Department carries out long-term planning, budget management, interaction, and regulation of development; management of capital improvements; and maintenance and operation for the associated City facilities. Given these program responsibilities, the Community Development and Public Works Department is divided into three divisions: Engineering Services, Maintenance and Operation (M&O) Services, and Community Development Services (see Figure 2-1). Planning and construction of storm drainage facilities is provided by Engineering Services. Maintenance of storm drainage facilities is provided by a dedicated stormwater division within M&O. Figure 2-1. Community Development and Public Works Department Staff Organizational Chart 2.1.2 Funding Mechanisms The following section provides adapted text from ACC, Title 13: Water, Sewers and Public Utilities, Chapter 13.48, Storm Drainage Utility, §13.48.060, Authority to establish rates. Per the ACC, the City has established rate classifications, service charges, and various fees and charges to pay for the following costs: • The development, adoption, and implementation of a comprehensive Storm Drainage Utility master plan • The debt service and related financing expenses of the construction and reconstruction of storm drainage and water quality facilities required for the management of stormwater and surface waters that benefit the service area but do not presently exist Director of Community Development and Public Works Planning Services Manager Development Engineer Building Official Utilities Engineering Manager Transportation Manager General Engineering Assistant City Engineer Administration Engineering Services Assistant Director of Engineering/ City Engineer Maintenance & Operations Services Assistant Director of Public Works Operations Community Development Services Assistant Director of Community Development Street/Vegetation Manager Water Distribution & Operations Manager Sewer/Storm Manager Fleet/Central Stores Manager Administration Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 2 2-3 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • The operation, repair, maintenance, improvement, replacement, and reconstruction of storm drainage facilities that benefit the present service area (e.g., capital improvement projects to increase system capacity in accordance with LOS goals) • The purchase of a fee or lesser interest, including easements, in land that may be necessary for the storm drainage system in the service area including, but not limited to, land necessary for the installation and construction of storm drainage facilities and all other facilities that are reasonably required for proper and adequate management of stormwater for the benefit of the service area • The costs of monitoring, inspection, enforcement, and administration of the utility including, but not limited to, water quality surveillance, private system maintenance inspection, construction inspection, and other activities that are reasonably required for the proper and adequate implementation of the City’s stormwater and surface water policies 2.1.2.1 Rates The currently established rates for the storm drainage service are provided in Table 2-1 below, which lists rates for 2015 and 2016. Base rates are the monthly charge for service from the Storm Drainage Utility to recover costs incurred by the utility such as administrative, billing, and collection. Equivalent service units (ESU) are used as a means for estimating the development or impervious surfaces estimated to contribute an amount of runoff to the City’s storm drainage system, which is approximately equal to that which is created by the average single-family residential parcel. “Impervious,” as defined by the City (see ACC Chapter 13.41), is a hard surface area that prevents the entry of water into the soil mantle. Common impervious surfaces include, but are not limited to, rooftops, walkways, patios, concrete, or asphalt paving. Open, uncovered, retention/detention facilities shall not be considered as impervious surfaces for the purpose of ESU calculations. One ESU is equal to 2,600 square feet of impervious surface area or any portion thereof. Table 2-1 provides the current monthly charges, base rates, and ESU monthly rates for classifications used by the utility. Table 2-1. 2015 and 2016 Utility Rates for Storm Drainage Service Single-family parcel types Effective as of January 1, 2015 Effective as of January 1, 2016 Monthly charge Monthly charge Single-family residential parcelsa $19.25 $19.73 Two-family residential parcelsb 19.25 19.73 Non-single-family parcels Base rate per month, $ ESUs per month Base rate per month, $ ESUs per month Non-single-family (NSF)c $11.97 $15.32 $12.27 $15.71 NSF with detentiond 11.97 12.31 12.27 12.62 NSF with retentione 11.97 7.61 12.27 7.80 NSF with water quality treatmentf 11.97 9.21 12.27 9.44 NSF with detention and water quality treatment 11.97 6.95 12.27 7.13 NSF with retention and water quality treatment 11.97 4.35 12.27 4.46 a. Any parcel of land having on it a single detached dwelling unit that is designed for occupancy by one family or a similar group of people. b. A building designed exclusively for occupancy by two families living independently of each other, and containing two dwelling units. c. Any parcel of developed land other than single-family or two-family (duplex) residential. d. Detention is the temporary storage of stormwater and surface water runoff with provisions for the controlled offsite surface release of the stored water. e. Retention means the storage of stormwater and surface water runoff with no provisions for offsite surface release of the stored water other than by evaporation and infiltration. f. Water quality treatment means an engineered and approved facility to remove contaminants in the existing flow regime of stormwater generated from a developed parcel pursuant to applicable design standards in place at the time of approval. Chapter 2 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 2-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Storm Drainage Utility rates are billed on a monthly basis. Storm drainage charges start from the day a water meter servicing the property is installed by the City. In cases where the property does not receive water service from the City, storm drainage charges start from the day that the storm drainage permit is finalized by the City. Payments received for utility bills are applied to expenses in the following order of priority: late charges, additional fees, stormwater, garbage, sewer, and water. Payment for stormwater drainage service charges is due and payable to the Finance Department office 15 days after the billing date appearing on the bill. Utility charges are constituted as a lien, and thus can be applied to a lien upon the property from which such charges are due, superior to all other liens and encumbrances whatsoever, except for general taxes and local special assessments. 2.1.2.2 Fees The City has permit fees and connection fees. Permit fees are applied to cover the planning, checking, inspection, record drawings, and processing of permit information for new connections to the public storm drainage system. A repair permit fee is applied to cover inspection and processing of permit information for repairs conducted to private storm drainage systems. Connection fees are charges in lieu of assessments. Such fees can be applied to properties that have not previously paid for storm drainage systems abutting their property, but intend to connect to it. The City determines the charge in lieu of assessment amount based on the property’s proportional share of the calculated cost for the storm drainage system. Properties connected to storm drainage systems constructed prior to 1987 are not required to pay a charge in lieu of assessment, unless required to do so under an existing agreement. The City rarely charges connection fees for stormwater, but rather a system development charge (SDC) at the time a new customer joins into the system (see the following section). 2.1.2.3 System Development Charge A utility SDC is a charge imposed on new customers, or existing customers revising use of their property, in recognition of the previous investment of the City and its customers in the utility systems. The purpose of an SDC is to recover a fair share of the costs of providing existing utility system infrastructure to serve new customers or revised uses of existing customers and provide for future improvements to serve new customers. As with Storm Drainage Utility rates, SDCs are based on the relative amount of impervious surface added to the system. In 2014, SDCs were estimated to be $1,162 per ESU (see Section 2.1.2.1 for a definition of ESU). Development Code and Design Standards Updates 2.2 In compliance with the requirements of the 2007–12 NPDES Permit (as discussed in Section 2.3.2), the City conducted substantive updates to its development regulations and design standards contained within the ACC, including the City’s Zoning Code, Subdivision Code, and Engineering Design Standards. The City also revised related stormwater standards, policies, and practices, and adopted a stormwater manual as required by the Permit. Specifically, the City adopted the Auburn Surface Water Management Manual (SWMM), which is a modified version of the City of Tacoma’s 2008 Surface Water Management Manual (approved by the Washington State Department of Ecology [Ecology] as an equivalent manual). In August 2012, Ecology issued an updated NPDES Permit to comply with requirements of the federal Clean Water Act (CWA). The new NPDES Permit became effective on August 1, 2013, and is effective through July 31, 2018. In January 2015, a modified version of the NPDES Permit was issued to incorporate outcomes from the permit appeals process, which were not significant for the City. To comply with updated requirements of the reissued NPDES Permit, the City will be required to pursue further updates to the ACC and stormwater standards. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 2 2-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Updates to City codes, standards, and policies are anticipated to: • Incorporate low-impact development (LID) principles, making LID the preferred way of managing stormwater runoff from future development and redevelopment • Reflect updated stormwater facility requirements for new development and redevelopment • Accommodate new and more frequent inspections of permanent stormwater infrastructure, including public and private stormwater facilities • Incorporate required changes to other City stormwater program elements, including illicit discharge detection and elimination (IDDE), public outreach and education, and monitoring Development regulations related to stormwater and drainage design standards will also be reviewed for potential revision consistent with current policies and LOS goals. See the following section for an overview of the City Stormwater Management Program (SWMP) and Chapter 8 for specific steps needed to maintain compliance with updated NPDES Permit requirements. Regulatory Considerations 2.3 Numerous federal, state, and local regulations can affect stormwater management in the city. Table 2-2 summarizes a number of the applicable regulations. Table 2-2. Federal, State, and City Regulations and Programs Relevant to the Auburn Storm Drainage Utility Title Regulation or program Application to the City Federal Clean Water Act (CWA): §402 NPDES Permit Regulation The NPDES Permit includes a number of requirements that affect stormwater management in the city. See Section 2.3.2 below. CWA: §303(d) total maximum daily load (TMDL) listing Regulation TMDLs could lead to more stringent stormwater quality controls in future NPDES Permits. CWA: §404 permit requirements Regulation Some stormwater capital improvement projects can affect wetlands or other “waters of the U.S.” §404 permitting and mitigation can increase capital improvement project costs and schedules. Endangered Species Act (ESA) Regulation Stormwater capital improvement projects that involve federal permitting or funding could require consultation with federal agencies under §7 of the ESA. ESA consultation could increase project timelines and costs. National Flood Insurance Program Program The Drainage Plan could affect the City’s rating under the Community Rating System, which affects flood insurance rates. Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB) Statement 34 Program Requires accurate inventory of City’s stormwater infrastructure. See Section 2.3.3 below. State State Environmental Policy Act (SEPA) Regulation Each capital improvement project would require SEPA review prior to implementation, unless that project qualifies as exempt. Water quality standards Regulation The NPDES Permit does not authorize discharges that would violate State water quality standards. The State may establish TMDLs for water bodies that violate the standards. As noted above, the TMDLs can become NPDES Permit requirements. §401 water quality certification Regulation Individual projects that require §404 or other federal permits would also require a 401 certification from Ecology. A 401 certification could include site-specific mitigation measures, which could affect capital improvement project design and cost estimates. Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan Program Drainage Plan recommendations should be consistent with the Puget Sound Water Quality Management Plan. Chapter 2 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 2-6 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 2-2. Federal, State, and City Regulations and Programs Relevant to the Auburn Storm Drainage Utility Title Regulation or program Application to the City Puget Sound Partnership Program In 2007, the Washington State Legislature created a State agency for the purpose of developing and overseeing the implementation of a 2014/2015 “Action Agenda” to clean up, restore, and protect Puget Sound by 2020. The Partnership’s “Action Agenda” identified three priorities, one of which is to prevent pollution from urban stormwater runoff. GMA and City Comprehensive Plan Regulation This Drainage Plan is required by the GMA. GMA is discussed in Section 2.3.1 below. State Hydraulic Code Regulation Capital improvement projects that involve work in waters of the state would require a Hydraulic Project Approval (HPA) permit. HPA permitting and mitigation measures could affect capital improvement project costs. Archaeological and cultural coordination Regulation If any capital improvement projects are planned for areas with known or suspected archaeological sites, the City will need to coordinate with the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation, local Indian tribes, and King County Historic Preservation. City Environmental review Regulation Each capital improvement project would be subject to environmental review prior to permitting and construction as prescribed in ACC 16.06. This chapter of the ACC was adopted under the authority of SEPA. Critical areas ordinance Regulation The Drainage Plan should avoid capital improvement projects in critical areas (e.g., wetlands, groundwater protection zones, or wildlife habitat). If a capital improvement project must be sited in a critical area, the cost estimate should include costs for mitigation and permitting as prescribed in ACC 16.10. Development regulations Regulation The City’s development regulations must be consistent with NPDES Permit requirements. Shoreline Master Program Regulation Future projects should be located and designed to be consistent with the City shoreline regulations (ACC 16.08). Projects within designated shorelines could require permits and mitigation, which could affect project costs and schedules. Most of the regulations listed in Table 2-2 primarily affect the implementation of specific measures recommended in the Drainage Plan. For example, capital improvement projects that could affect wetlands would need to comply with City critical areas regulations and possibly federal CWA Section 404 regulations. However, three of the regulations listed in Table 2-2—the GMA, Ecology’s Phase II NPDES Stormwater Permit, and federal GASB Statement 34—directly affect the LOS for this Drainage Plan. These regulations are discussed in greater detail in Sections 2.3.1 through 2.3.3 below. 2.3.1 Growth Management Act The Washington State Legislature enacted the GMA in 1990 in response to rapid population growth and concerns with suburban sprawl, environmental protection, quality of life, and related issues. The GMA is codified primarily in RCW Chapter 36.70A. The GMA provides a framework for regional coordination, and counties planning under the GMA are required to adopt countywide planning policies to guide plan adoption within the county and to establish urban growth areas. Local comprehensive plans must include the following elements: land use, housing, capital facilities, utilities, transportation, economic development, parks and recreation, and, for counties, a rural element. This Drainage Plan serves as the capital facilities element for City-owned storm drainage assets. RCW 36.70A.070 requires capital facilities elements to include: • An inventory of existing capital facilities owned by public entities, showing the locations and capacities of the capital facilities. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 2 2-7 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • A forecast of the future needs for such capital facilities. • The proposed locations and capacities of expanded or new capital facilities. • At least a 6-year plan that will finance such capital facilities within projected funding capacities and clearly identifies sources of public money for such purposes. • A requirement to reassess the land use element if probable funding falls short of meeting existing needs and to ensure that the land use element, capital facilities plan element, and financing plan within the capital facilities plan element are coordinated and consistent. Parks and recreation facilities shall be included in the capital facilities plan element. To facilitate meeting the above requirements, Washington Administrative Code (WAC) Section 365-196- 415 recommends: • An inventory of existing capital facilities showing locations and capacities, including the extent to which existing facilities have available capacity for future growth. The inventory should be periodically reviewed and updated. • A forecast of capital facilities (including general location and capacity) needed during the planning period, based on the LOS or planning assumptions selected and consistent with the growth, densities, and distribution of growth anticipated in the land use element. • The creation of at least a 6-year capital facilities plan for financing capital facilities needed within that time frame. Projected funding capacities based on revenues available under existing laws and ordinances, are to be evaluated, followed by the identification of sources of public or private funds for which there is reasonable assurance of availability. The 6-year plan should be updated at least biennially so that financial planning remains sufficiently ahead of the present for concurrency to be evaluated. • A provision should be made to reassess the land use element and other elements of the plan if the probable funding for capital facilities is insufficient to meet development needs. If the reassessment identifies a lack of public facilities, a variety of strategies may be implemented including reducing LOS and increasing revenue. 2.3.2 Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit The NPDES permit program is a requirement of the federal CWA, which is intended to protect and restore waters for “fishable, swimmable” uses. The federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has delegated permit authority to state environmental agencies, and these agencies can set permit conditions in accordance with and in addition to the minimum federal requirements. In Washington, Ecology is the NPDES-delegated Permit authority. Phase I of the stormwater NPDES regulation applies to cities and counties that operate municipal separate storm sewer systems (MS4s) and had populations of 100,000 people or more according to the 1990 census. Phase II of the stormwater NPDES regulation applies to municipalities that operate MS4s and have populations of fewer than 100,000 people. Auburn is a Phase II permittee. Ecology issued the initial Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit (NPDES Permit) in February 2007, a subsequent updated NPDES Permit in August 2012, and a further modified version in January 2015 (Appendix A). The Permit requires the City to submit a SWMP Plan by March 31 of each year, in which the City identifies activities to be completed in compliance with the Permit requirements. The Permit also requires submittal of an annual report that looks back on SWMP activities for the prior year. Implementation of updated NPDES Permit conditions is staggered throughout the 5-year Permit term from August 1, 2013, through July 31, 2018. The NPDES Permit will again be revised and reissued at the Chapter 2 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 2-8 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx end of this period. The NPDES Permit and associated requirements are described in detail in the City’s current SWMP Plan available on the City’s website. The NPDES Permit allows municipalities to discharge stormwater runoff from their municipal drainage systems into the state’s water bodies (e.g., streams, rivers, lakes, and wetlands) as long as municipalities implement programs to protect water quality by reducing the discharge of “nonpoint source” pollutants to the “maximum extent practicable” (MEP) through application of Permit-specified “best management practices” (BMPs). The stormwater management activities specified in the NPDES Permit are collectively referred to as the SWMP and grouped under the following program components: • SWMP administration • Public education and outreach • Public involvement and participation • IDDE • Control of runoff from new development, redevelopment, and construction sites • Municipal operations and maintenance • Monitoring and assessment The NPDES Permit also requires compliance with established total maximum daily loads (TMDLs)2. The current NPDES Permit requires the City to monitor discharges to the White River, in association with the Puyallup River watershed fecal coliform TMDL. Ecology has identified several other water bodies in the vicinity of Auburn that do not appear to meet the water quality standards, and additional TMDL requirements are possible in future Permits. 2.3.3 Governmental Accounting Standards Board Financial reporting by public utilities must adhere to requirements set by the GASB, the agency responsible for developing standards of state and local governmental accounting and financial reporting. Most prominent is GASB Statement 34, “Basic Financial Statements—and Management’s Discussion and Analysis—for State and Local Governments,” which was issued in June 1999. The main objective of Statement 34’s requirements is to have financial reports that are more comprehensive and are easier to understand by the public. Statement 34 consists of several components, which can be seen in full in paragraphs 3–166 of the GASB publications. In summary, Statement 34 requires that the basic financial statements and required supplementary information (RSI) for general purpose governments should consist of the following: • Management’s discussion and analysis. In sum, this requirement states that prior to the basic financial statements, a discussion providing an analytical overview of the government’s financial activities is necessary. • Basic financial statements, which should include: − Government-wide financial statements that include information on net assets (e.g., storm drainage infrastructure) and a statement of activities. 2 A TMDL is a calculated maximum pollutant loading a water body can receive while still meeting water quality standards. Once a TMDL is established, the State determines how much each source must reduce its discharges of the pollutant in order to bring the water body back into compliance with the water quality standards. The federal CWA requires that TMDLs be established for all water bodies that do not meet water quality standards, and that TMDL requirements be included in the NPDES permits for dischargers into the affected water bodies. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 2 2-9 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx − Fund financial statements that focus on information about the government’s major governmental and enterprise funds (e.g., the City’s Storm Drainage Utility), including its blended component units. − Notes to the financial statements that will enable users to understand the basic financial statements. • Required supplementary information. Budgetary comparison schedules should be presented as RSI along with other types of data as required by previous GASB pronouncements. Consequently, the City needs an accurate inventory of its stormwater infrastructure in order to comply with the GASB 34 requirements. 3-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 3 Utility Policies and Level-of-Service Goals This chapter describes a set of guiding policies for the City’s Storm Drainage Utility and LOS goals for complying with these policies. These policies and LOS goals are consistent with those described in the City’s Comprehensive Plan (Comp Plan). Level of service is generally defined as a community’s specific goals or objectives for capital facility infrastructure development, operation, maintenance, and other key elements of utility management. These goals provide a framework for the utility to assess its staffing levels, prioritize its resources, justify its rate structure, and document its successes. LOS goals should relate directly to City policies and include clear criteria to use in evaluating how well LOS goals are being met. The City has developed policies and LOS goals for the following elements of Storm Drainage Utility operation: • Business practices • Protection of public safety and property • Reliability of the storm drainage infrastructure • Protection of the environment • Financial performance of the utility • Customer satisfaction Policies for each of these six categories are presented in Section 3.2.2. The remainder of this section introduces the concept of LOS goals in storm drainage utilities and proposes specific LOS goals for the City. Level-of-Service Goals within Storm Drainage Utilities 3.1 LOS goals defined by a storm drainage utility can relate to quality, quantity, reliability, responsiveness, safety, environmental acceptability, and cost of delivering service. To serve as effective management tools, LOS goals should be measurable. For example, a measurable “public health and safety” LOS goal for drainage would be to ensure that flooding beyond a certain depth does not recur on critical traffic routes more often than a target frequency (e.g., flooding that affects private property limited to an average of once per 50 years). An example of an “environmental protection” LOS goal would be compliance with all required elements of the City’s Phase II NPDES Stormwater Permit. In the latter example, the NPDES Permit has embedded specific metrics for evaluating compliance (e.g., implementation of 95 percent of Permit-required stormwater facility inspections). In this instance, the NPDES Permit is mandating that the City implement measurable LOS criteria. By documenting LOS, a storm drainage utility provides a transparent set of metrics to elected officials and the community, and can begin to communicate with stakeholders about rate implications associated with increasing or decreasing service. Higher LOS standards result in greater costs to taxpayers, ratepayers, and new development; lower LOS standards may result in lower rates but unacceptable public safety, environmental stewardship, or regulatory compliance. LOS goals may be flexible; Chapter 3 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 3-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx communities should be willing to periodically revisit LOS goals to make sure that they are still appropriate. Comp Plan Policies and Levels of Service 3.2 This section reviews elements of the City’s current Comp Plan that apply to the Storm Drainage Utility. This section also discusses a set of LOS goals to guide this storm drainage comprehensive planning effort and future utility activities. 3.2.1 Incorporation of Existing Comp Plan Policies Related to Storm Drainage The City’s Comp Plan contains numerous goals, presented as policies, that relate to the operation and management of storm drainage assets. The City policies below have been used in developing specific LOS for this Drainage Plan. These policies are taken from the Comp Plan. The items named with “GP,” “CF,” and “EN” prefixes appear in the General Approach, Capital Facilities and Environment chapters, respectively. GP-23 The City should continue its participation in the various State and Federal agencies and organizations concerned with land use planning and development and the protection of cultural resources and critical areas. GP-28a Auburn’s character as a “family” community will be a priority consideration in the City’s land use management decisions. This priority must be balanced, however, with the following: a. City policy will address various related community needs. This includes nurturing and managing the other roles necessary for maintaining a healthy community, recognizing the importance of sustainability in the City and responding to regional needs. Such roles include ensuring the expansion of employment opportunities, providing a full range of commercial, retail and service opportunities, providing recreational and cultural opportunities, managing traffic, encouraging energy and resource efficiency and maintaining a balance with the natural environment. CF-40 The City should continue to fund and provide storm drainage services through the existing storm drainage utility. The City’s storm drainage utility should be responsible for implementation, maintenance and operation of the City’s comprehensive drainage system and seek out sources of stormwater pollution and correct them. CF-41 Appropriate rates and system development charges shall be assessed to fund the ongoing maintenance, operation, and capital expenditures of the utility, in accordance with the Comprehensive Drainage Plan. Periodic cost of service studies shall be completed to reassess the monthly service and system development charges. CF-42 The City’s storm drainage utility shall ensure that all private and public storm drainage improvements are designed, constructed, operated, and maintained in accordance with the Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan and Comprehensive Plan. Drainage facilities serving the larger community should be owned, operated, and maintained by the City’s storm drainage utility. Drainage facilities serving individual properties or maintenance-intensive drainage facilities designed to serve as a multifunctional private resource (e.g., private parks, wetland mitigation) should be owned, operated, and maintained by the property owner in accordance with a recorded maintenance agreement approved by the City. CF-45 The City shall promote policies that seek to maintain the existing conveyance capacity of natural drainage courses. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 3 3-3 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx CF-48 In selecting the preferred Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan sub-basin alternative for implementation by the City’s storm drainage utility, the City shall consider the following factors: 1. The most efficient and cost effective means of serving a subbasin or combination of subbasins. 2. The ability of the alternative to implement source control best management practices and to avoid or mitigate environmental impacts, such as impacts to existing wetlands, and the degree to which the alternative promotes water quality treatment, and protects aquatic and riparian habitat. 3. Consistency with Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan policies and recommendations and compatibility with stormwater improvement policies and recommendations presented in other regional stormwater plans. 4. Restrictions or constraints associated with receiving waters. 5. The ability to develop a multi-use facility. 6. The degree to which the alternative preserves, increases, and is compatible with existing open space. 7. Consistency with existing and future planned development. 8. The degree to which the alternative preserves and enhances existing native vegetation and existing drainage courses. 9. The alternative’s ability to reduce flood hazard impacts resulting from the 25-year design storm event. CF-50 The Storm Drainage Utility shall work with other jurisdictions and agencies to address regional water quality issues. CF-51 The City shall seek opportunities where feasible to reintroduce treated urban runoff back into groundwater system as new and redevelopment occurs to minimize urbanization impacts to the hydrology of natural river systems. CF-XX proposed new policy The City shall seek best business practices for capital facilities through asset management. Asset management is the manner by which to maintain assets in good working order to minimize future costs of maintaining and replacing them, especially to avoid costly deferred maintenance. Given that the utility is made up largely of physical assets that have the greatest value and represent the greatest cost to operate and maintain, the City shall address the business practice of asset management first. EN-3 The City shall seek to minimize degradation to surface water quality and aquatic habitat of creeks, streams, rivers, ponds, lakes and other water bodies; to preserve and enhance the suitability of such water bodies for contact recreation and fishing and to preserve and enhance the aesthetic quality of such waters by requiring the use of current Best Management Practices for control of stormwater and nonpoint runoff. EN-12 The City shall continue to work with adjacent jurisdictions to enhance and protect water quality in the region through coordinated and consistent programs and regulations. EN-15 The City recognizes that new development can have impacts including, but not limited to, flooding, erosion and decreased water quality on downstream communities and natural drainage courses. The City shall continue to actively participate in developing and implementing regional water quality planning and flood hazard reduction efforts within the Green River, Mill Creek and White River drainage basins. Chapter 3 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 3-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx EN-17 The City recognizes that stormwater treatment facilities do not function efficiently unless maintained. The City shall strive to ensure that public and private stormwater collection, detention, and treatment systems are properly maintained and functioning as designed in accordance with the Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater permit. EN-17A Encourage the use of low impact development techniques in public and private development proposals in order to minimize impervious surfaces and improve water quality, while protecting public health and welfare. EN-57 The City shall seek to protect human health and safety and to minimize damage to the property of area inhabitants by minimizing the potential for and extent of flooding or inundation. 3.2.2 Levels of Service The drainage Policies and LOS (see Table 3-1) are organized by category and encompass and elaborate on the drainage policies articulated in the City’s Comp Plan. Specific service provision policies are presented by category, with LOS for evaluating service delivery. Table 3-1. LOS Goals Item Policy description 2015 Drainage Plan LOS goal Policy category: business practices 1 The City desires to employ recognized best business practices that result in the efficient and cost-effective operation of the utility. See proposed new policy CF-XX. The City shall identify the key business functions within the utility (e.g., billing, permitting, asset management, and planning) and develop supporting best business practices for each. The utility will conduct a performance audit every 6 years in conjunction with its capital projects planning cycle to evaluate how well best business practices are being implemented and how effective they are. 2 The City shall seek to employ the best practices for asset management by systematically basing choices on an understanding of asset performance, risks, and costs in the long term. See proposed new policy CF-XX. The City shall begin implementing the following best practices for all stormwater facilities during the next planning period and report progress annually: • Have knowledge about assets and costs (i.e., detailed inventories and condition assessments) • Maintain desired levels of service confirmed by customers • Take a life-cycle approach to asset management planning Implement the planned solutions to provide reliable, cost-effective service Policy category: protection of public safety and property 3 The City shall seek to manage stormwater runoff within the public right-of-way (ROW) to allow access to and functionality of critical services such as hospitals, fire and police stations, Emergency Operations Center, maintenance and operations, and City Hall. See policy EN-57. Surface water flooding will disrupt the function of critical facilities (i.e., with floodwaters reaching the building structure, damaging the structure, and permitting no ingress/egress) with an annual chance of occurrence of no greater than 1% (i.e., an average recurrence interval of 100 years). 4 The City shall seek to manage stormwater runoff within the public ROW to preserve mobility on major transportation routes (i.e., arterial roads) and residential roads. See policy EN-57. Flooding disruption that inundates city roadways to an impassable level with an annual chance of occurrence of no greater than 4% (i.e., an average recurrence interval of 25 years). 5 The City shall seek to manage stormwater runoff from the public ROW to protect real property structures (e.g., residences and businesses). See policy EN-57. Flooding (surface water from ROW runoff entering premises and damaging building structures) with an annual chance of occurrence of no greater than 2 percent (i.e., an average recurrence interval of 50 years). 6 The City shall seek to prevent erosion and landslides related to construction, operation, and maintenance of the publicly owned drainage system. See policies CF- 48 and EN-3. No erosion or landslides resulting from public drainage infrastructure construction, operation, or maintenance. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 3 3-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 3-1. LOS Goals Item Policy description 2015 Drainage Plan LOS goal 7 The City shall seek to maintain storm drainage infrastructure to ensure proper function of drainage facilities. The City shall seek to seasonally maintain storm drain inlets, conveyance, and outfalls to preserve design conveyance capacity. See policies CF-40, CF- 42, and EN-17. The City will continue to refine its maintenance practices and reallocate staff as needed to address seasonal concerns, with an emphasis on maintaining facilities that have a high “consequence of failure.” An example would be focusing extra M&O staff on catch basin inlet cleaning during autumn when leaves are falling. All activities will be documented within the City’s Cartegraph computerized maintenance management system (CMMS). Policy category: reliability of the storm drainage infrastructure 8 The City shall seek to maintain an asset criticality database to be used in prioritizing asset maintenance and R&R. See policies CF-40 and EN-17. The existing criticality database (developed for the 2008 Drainage Plan) will be refined to include more asset information, such as pipe material, diameter, age, consequence of failure, etc. The criticality database will be validated using the results of previous and ongoing M&O inspections. Activities will be documented within the City’s Cartegraph CMMS. 9 The City shall seek to perform condition assessments of critical assets. See policies CF-40 and EN-17. The City will develop and implement a condition assessment schedule for all critical assets as identified through criticality analyses of stormwater infrastructure assets. Criticality is based on the risk and consequences of failure. Criticality data will be stored in a criticality database, and all condition assessment activities will be documented in the City’s Cartegraph CMMS. 10 The City shall seek to repair or replace system assets before they exceed their economic lives. See policies CF-40 and EN-17. The number of high-criticality pipe segments beyond their economic lives will be determined. After the criticality database inventory is complete, the City’s goal will be to limit the number of pipe segments beyond their economic lives, including setting specific numeric goals for replacement of those segments. 11 The City shall seek to conduct maintenance activities in accordance with a schedule developed to comply with Ecology requirements and asset criticality. See policies CF-40, EN-12, and EN-17. No deferred maintenance on all critical or Ecology-required assets. The City will prioritize its inspection activities based on the combined “risk of failure” and “consequence of failure” computed by the criticality database and meet current NPDES inspection schedule (e.g., inspecting catch basins). The experience of M&O staff should be incorporated into the criticality database (see item 8above). All inspection activities will be documented in the CMMS. 12 The City shall seek to maintain storm drainage infrastructure to ensure proper function of drainage facilities in accordance with Ecology requirements. See policies CF-40, CF-42, and EN-15. The City will develop a ditch maintenance program. The City will secure proper permits as well as coordinate with other agencies for work in the associated ROW. The ditch maintenance program will consist of inspecting and maintaining all ditches within the permit cycle and then on an as-needed basis. 13 The City shall seek to manage stormwater runoff from the public ROW with City-owned facilities located in the public ROW or on City-owned property. The City shall maintain or seek access to City-owned facilities for necessary maintenance and operation. See policy EN- 17. The City’s Storm Drainage Utility will be responsible for maintenance and operation of the City’s drainage system. The City shall seek to have access to all City-owned drainage infrastructure. The City shall seek to obtain easements or relocate infrastructure as necessary to maintain access. Policy category: protection of the environment 14 The City shall seek to comply with all federal and state regulations applied to stormwater management activities. See policy GP-23. Meet all requirements of the Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit with no enforcement actions of the CWA for violations as a result of City stormwater operations. 15 The City shall seek to provide pump redundancy and backup power generators or dual power feeds at City- owned and -operated drainage pump stations. See policy EN-17. All pump stations will be designed with two or more pumps to ensure proper function during maintenance. Backup and/or dual-feed power supplies will be installed as needed. 16 The City shall seek to comply with all federal, state, and local regulations in operation and maintenance of the City’s storm drainage infrastructure. See policy EN-12. Meet all specific targets. Examples include complying with NPDES Phase II inspection cycle, performing all necessary ESA consultations, etc. 17 The City shall protect and preserve existing native vegetation and drainage courses while maintaining their conveyance capacity. See policy CF-45. No net loss of native vegetation (in terms of area) or natural drainage systems (in terms of stream length) to maintain existing habitat along drainage ways. This does not apply to constructed or maintained facilities. Chapter 3 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 3-6 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 3-1. LOS Goals Item Policy description 2015 Drainage Plan LOS goal 18 The City shall seek to comply with all federal, state, and local regulations to reduce runoff volumes and pollutant loads associated with new development and redevelopment. See policies CF-51 and EN-15. The City will comply with the elements of the Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit and will adopt or implement the Ecology manual or equivalent for new development and redevelopment. 19 The City shall place emphasis on onsite approaches such as LID as the first consideration for runoff and pollutant load reduction for new development and redevelopment. See policy EN-17A. The City will identify feasibility criteria and provide guidance for the implementation of LID drainage management measures for new development and redevelopment (including City-owned properties). 20 The City shall seek to evaluate Storm Drainage Utility activities to emphasize sustainability. See policy GP- 28a. City staff will identify specific areas to measure sustainability by examining how Storm Drainage Utility operations affect energy resources, natural resources, and the community. City staff will benchmark practices and log changes over the next planning period. 21 The City shall continue to participate in regional storm drainage, water resources, and water quality planning efforts. See policies CF-48, CF-50, and EN-12. The City will continue to actively participate in developing and implementing regional water quality planning and flood hazard reduction efforts within the Green River, Mill Creek, and White River drainage basins. The City will participate in the state’s water quality monitoring program. 22 The City shall comply with all federal, state, and local regulations in the inspection of the City’s publicly owned storm drainage infrastructure and privately owned LID facilities. See policy CF-42. For all new LID systems constructed after 2016, the City will develop authority and an inspection frequency for stormwater facilities developed in compliance with the NPDES Phase II Stormwater Permit. The City will develop an inspection assessment database to monitor and schedule facility maintenance for all publicly owned storm drainage infrastructure and privately owned LID facilities. This database will provide maintenance information for the criticality database in the City’s Cartegraph CMMS. Policy category: Storm Drainage Utility financial performance 23 The City shall continue to fund and provide storm drainage services through the existing Storm Drainage Utility. See policy CF-40. The City’s Storm Drainage Utility should be responsible for implementation, maintenance, and operation of the City’s drainage system, with a goal of 100% of the cost of drainage service delivery recovered via Storm Drainage Utility fees. Seek opportunities to provide public drainage benefits through grant funding and/or development partnerships where applicable. 24 The City shall assess appropriate rates and SDCs to fund the ongoing maintenance, operation, and capital expenditures of the utility, in accordance with the Drainage Plan. See policy CF-41. Periodic cost-of-service studies shall be completed to reassess the monthly service fees and SDCs. Updates to coincide with all 6-year CIP updates. 25 The City shall seek to track the cost of claims as a metric. See policy CF-41. City staff will summarize the annual costs of claims for the recent past to establish a baseline measurement of existing practices. If the current costs are deemed excessive, City staff will evaluate methods to reduce the risk of claims and measure its progress at reducing the overall cost of claims. 26 The City shall seek to track elements of capital improvement project implementation: (1) individual schedule, (2) project budget accuracy, and (3) overall performance in implementing CIP. See policies CF-40 and CF-48. City staff will summarize current methods for capital improvement project implementation to create a baseline (e.g., schedule and costs) against which future improvements can be evaluated. Policy category: customer satisfaction 27 The City shall seek to evaluate and strive to maintain customer satisfaction with Storm Drainage Utility service delivery. See policy CF-40. To effectively measure the public perception of utility performance, City staff will conduct the following: (1) summarize annual customer complaint reports, (2) communicate proactively with community and stakeholders regarding drainage infrastructure improvements, and (3) comply with Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit requirements for public education and outreach. 28 The City shall seek to build, operate, and maintain storm drainage infrastructure within an overarching goal of protecting employee safety. See policy CF-40. City staff will track health and safety incidents to create a baseline against which to evaluate future improvements. 4-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 4 Drainage System Chapter 3 lays out clear LOS goals for the Storm Drainage Utility. The next step toward developing a future work plan is to collect and organize information describing the current conditions of the storm drainage system. This information provides the basis for investigations (Chapter 5) designed to evaluate the Storm Drainage Utility performance relative to the LOS goals. This chapter provides an overview of the City’s drainage system including both natural (Section 4.1) and constructed (Section 4.2) drainage elements. Figures presented in this chapter consist of several maps of the Storm Drainage Utility service, drainage, and surrounding areas. These figures are presented at the end of the chapter. Natural Drainage 4.1 The City of Auburn encompasses approximately 30 square miles; the central portion of the city lies along the bottom of a valley, while the outer edges of the city extend into the surrounding hills (see Figure 4-1). In general, stormwater runoff from the city flows to one of three major receiving waters: Green River, White River, and Mill Creek. Other notable water features in the Auburn area include the following: • Big Soos Creek, which drains southeast into the Green River • Soosette Creek (also known as Little Soos Creek), which drains south into Big Soos Creek • Mullen Slough, which drains along the northwest side of Mill Creek toward the Green River • Bowman Creek, which drains north into the White River • Olson Creek, which drains west into the Green River • Lake Tapps, which is located just south of the city • White Lake, which is located southeast of R Street SE and State Route (SR) 18 • Coal Creek Springs, which drains north to the White River The city contains nearly 30 miles of rivers and streams and more than 1,000 acres of floodplain area associated with these water features. There are over 1,500 acres of wetlands, including forested/shrub and freshwater emergent wetlands. The following sections provide additional information on each of the three major receiving waters. 4.1.1 Green River The Green River flows over 93 miles beginning on the west slope of the Cascade Mountains and ending in the Duwamish Waterway, meandering through the northeast portion of Auburn along the east valley wall. Throughout the last century, the Green River was altered for the purpose of flood control, including the construction of levees and bank revetments, and the diversion of the White River in the early 1900s. In 1962, the Howard A. Hanson Dam was built on the Green River to control flooding in the valley. From 1960 to 2007, the City of Auburn participated in Green River flood management activities as part of the Green River Flood Control District. In 2007, the Green River Flood Control District was phased out as flood control and management efforts for the Green River are now included in the King County Flood Control District (KCFCD), which was established in 2007. These efforts are reflected in the 2006 King County Flood Hazard Management Plan. The KCFCD goals and objectives include maintaining and Chapter 4 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 4-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx repairing levees and revetments and acquiring at-risk floodplain properties. Auburn elected officials and staff serve on advisory committees for the KCFCD such as the Green River System Wide Improvement Framework (Green River SWIF). The goal of the Green River SWIF is to recommend and prioritize a set of capital projects and programs for flood protection for the Lower Green River. 4.1.2 White River The White River originates on the slopes of Mount Rainier and flows generally northward and westward into the Puget Sound lowlands. Near Auburn, the White River flows north and then west through the southern portions of the city before it curves southward toward the Puyallup River. The White River is a very dynamic, sediment-laden river, which has led to changing channel morphology. Prior to 1900, the White River flowed into the Green-Duwamish River; however, floodwaters from the White River drained to both the Green-Duwamish River and the Puyallup River. A flood in 1906 caused the White River to shift and flow into the old Stuck River channel, which leads to the Puyallup River. In 1907, a diversion wall located within Game Farm Park was constructed to permanently direct the White River flow into the Puyallup River (USACE, October 2009). The shifting of floodwaters from the White River caused inter-jurisdictional conflicts between King and Pierce counties. After attempts by the two counties to control flooding along the White River met with limited success, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) was engaged for help. In 1948, the USACE finished construction of the Mud Mountain Dam to control floods on the White River. At the time Mud Mountain Dam was finished, White River channel capacity in the area of Auburn was estimated to be 20,000 cfs. Since then, vegetation encroachment and sediment accumulation have reduced channel capacity (USACE, October 2009). Reduced channel capacity causes higher river levels during large storm events, which can impact the City’s gravity drainage outfalls along the White River. 4.1.3 Mill Creek Mill Creek flows out of the hills on the west side of the valley near SR 18, and then turns northward along the western portion of the city, running adjacent to SR 167. It crosses under SR 167 several times as it flows through the valley floor. Approximately 1 mile north of the city boundary, Mill Creek discharges into the Green River. Historically, Mill Creek served as vital habitat for migrating salmon and provided ideal conditions for rearing and storm refuge. However, increasing development has altered the natural flow pattern of Mill Creek, including the installation of diversions and culverts, channel straightening, degradation of water quality, and aggradation from increased stormwater inflows with high sediment loads. In many areas the stream is straight and shallow, and exhibits a lack of quality riparian habitat for Endangered Species Act (ESA)-listed species such as Chinook salmon and bull trout (USACE, April 2009). Aggradation along Mill Creek has also contributed to flooding and drainage problems in the city. The City’s drainage outfalls to Mill Creek can become submerged, thereby reducing the hydraulic capacity of the system. The USACE and the City have initiated a restoration project, called the Mill Creek 5K Reach Restoration Project, for the reach of Mill Creek on the west side of SR 167 extending from Main Street to north of the 15th Street NW culvert. The project includes constructing a new creek channel and replacing the culvert at 15th Street NW. In addition to improving fish passage and flow conveyance through the culvert, the project will reduce flood elevations along Mill Creek. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 4 4-3 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx 4.1.4 Drainage Areas The city’s drainage can be described by dividing the city into six general sub-areas3 and their discharge location (Figure 4-2): • Lea Hill lies northeast of the Green River. Most of the Lea Hill area drains west into the Green River. However, the eastern edge drains south and east out of the city into Soosette Creek and Big Soos Creek. • West Hill lies west of Mill Creek. The West Hill area drains into several small tributaries to Mill Creek. The northern portion of West Hill drains to the northeast into steep ravines that discharge to Mullen Slough and other wetland areas on the valley floor. • The Southern portion of the city drains to the White River. The area west of Bowman Creek consists largely of the Lakeland Hills developments, which drain to the White River to the west and north, Bowman Creek to the east, and a small portion that drains south toward Lake Tapps. The area east of Bowman Creek consists of rural residential development; this area drains to Bowman Creek on the southwest and the White River on the northeast side. • The Southeast portion of the city lies along a narrow plateau between the Green and White rivers. Runoff from this area drains to the Green River along the north side and the White River along the south side. • The North Central portion of the city lies along the valley floor and is located north of 27th Street SE. This is part of the central and most developed area of the city. The topography in this area is so flat that roadways and storm drainage infrastructure largely determine the receiving water to which runoff is diverted. Runoff from this area is generally split between Mill Creek and the Green River. • The South Central portion of the city also lies along the valley floor and is located south of 27th Street SE. This area is also part of the most developed area of the city. The topography in this area is so flat that roadways and storm drainage infrastructure largely determine the receiving water to which runoff is directed. This area, plus the Boeing property drains to the White River. The above-described areas can be divided into smaller drainage subbasins. For the 2002 Comprehensive Drainage Plan (Tetra Tech, 2002) subbasins were delineated such that the entire Storm Drainage Utility was covered, resulting in a total of 61 drainage subbasins covering approximately 34 square miles. Each subbasin is identified by a series of one, two, or three letters (Figure 4-2). 4.1.5 Climate and Precipitation Auburn’s climate is typical of that in the Puget Sound lowlands of Western Washington, where the summers are cool and comparatively dry, while the winters are mild, wet, and cloudy (Western Regional Climate Center [WRCC], 2014a). Mean annual precipitation in the Puget Sound lowlands varies from 32 inches (north Seattle) to approximately 47 inches (near Centralia, Washington). The precipitation gauge at Auburn City Hall has been recording data since 1995. The mean annual precipitation recorded at that gauge (with missing data filled in from the nearby King County Lakeland Hills gauge) from 1995 to 2014 was approximately 38 inches. This is very similar to the mean annual precipitation recorded at the two nearest long-term gauges: • Seattle-Tacoma Airport, which is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) Cooperative Network (Station 457473), has a mean annual precipitation of approximately 38 3 For the purposes of this Drainage Plan, sub-areas are generally defined areas within the city that do not have clearly defined boundaries such as those of a basin or subbasin, which can be delineated based on topographic information. Sub-areas are defined for the purpose of general discussion and are not used for specific evaluations or analyses. Chapter 4 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 4-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx inches based on 74 years of recorded data (WRCC, 2014b). The Seattle-Tacoma Airport gauge is located approximately 8 miles northwest of Auburn. • Kent, Washington (NOAA Co-op Station 454169) has a mean annual precipitation of approximately 39 inches based on 57 years of recorded data (WRCC, 2014c). The Kent gauge is located approximately 7 miles north of Auburn. Precipitation-frequency data for Washington are compiled in Volume 9 of NOAA Atlas 2 (Miller, Frederick and Tracey, 1973); precipitation-frequency estimates for Auburn, Washington, are listed in Table 4-1. Table 4-1. Precipitation Frequency Data for Auburn, Washington, from NOAA Atlas 2 Frequency, duration Precipitation (inches) 2-year, 6-hour 0.95 2-year, 24-hour 1.75 100-year, 6-hour 1.90 100-year, 24-hour 3.80 4.1.6 Geology and Groundwater Topography and geology in the Auburn region has been influenced largely by millions of years of advancing and retreating glaciers, most recently with the Vashon glaciation occurring approximately 12,000–18,000 years ago (Booth, 1991). Following the retreat of the glacier, interglacial processes such as landslides, mudflows, erosion, and alluvial deposition have continued to shape the region. In general, the upland hills around the city’s periphery comprise glacial and interglacial deposits, while the valley is filled with more recent deposits overlying glacial and older interglacial deposits. Major geologic units of the White and Green River Valley include undifferentiated glacial and interglacial deposits, Vashon recessional deltaic deposits, undifferentiated alluvium, Osceola mudflow, and White River alluvium. The undifferentiated glacial and interglacial deposits form the lowest layer in the valley consist of materials deposited during the glacial periods. As the glacier retreated, meltwater flowed into a water-filled embayment then occupying the present White and Green River Valley area. This meltwater deposited sand and gravel known as the Vashon recessional deltaic deposits. After the end of the glacial period, the Green River deposited undifferentiated alluvium in the valley as a result of erosion of upland glacial deposits. Approximately 5,700 years ago, a massive volcanic mudflow from Mount Rainier, known as the Osceola mudflow, flowed down into the valley (Troost and Booth, 2008). White River alluvium is the geologic unit nearest the surface and consists of alluvial deposits from the White and Green rivers. Bedrock is found approximately 1,280 feet beneath the valley floor. Surficial geologic mapping of the Auburn region is shown in Figure 4-3. In general, groundwater flow systems in the Auburn area are characterized by upland recharge flowing toward the valley. The two major aquifers in the White and Green River Valley are the modern alluvium aquifer and a deep deltaic valley aquifer; the latter is used for Auburn’s water supply. The modern alluvium aquifer is the shallowest aquifer in the Auburn-Kent Valley, often lying 10 to 15 feet below the ground surface. Groundwater in the deep deltaic valley generally flows in a pattern parallel to the direction of the Green River in the north and the White River in the south. 4.1.7 Soils and Runoff Potential Surface soils are classified by the Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) into four hydrologic soil groups based on the soil’s runoff potential: A, B, C, and D. Group A soils generally have the lowest Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 4 4-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx runoff potential while Group D soils have the highest. Hydrologic soil groups are defined by NRCS (1986) as follows: • Group A is sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam types of soils. It has low runoff potential and high infiltration rates, even when thoroughly wetted. It consists chiefly of deep, well to excessively drained sands or gravels and has a high rate of water transmission. • Group B is silt loam or loam. It has a moderate infiltration rate when thoroughly wetted and consists chiefly of moderately deep to deep, moderately well to well drained soils with moderately fine to moderately coarse textures. • Group C is sandy clay loam. It has low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consists chiefly of soils with a layer that impedes downward movement of water and soils with moderately fine to fine structure. • Group D is clay loam, silty clay loam, sandy clay, silty clay, or clay. It has very low infiltration rates when thoroughly wetted and consists chiefly of clay soils with a high swelling potential, soils with a permanent high water table, soils with a claypan or clay layer at or near the surface, and shallow soils over nearly impervious material. For Auburn and the surrounding areas, the valley floor is mostly Group D soils, which typically have very low infiltration rates and high runoff potential. The West Hill, Lea Hill, and Lakeland Hills areas are predominantly Group C soils, which have low infiltration rates and moderate to high runoff potential. The Southeast area, Bowman Creek area, and valley area located generally between SR 18 and the White River have Group A soils, which are characterized by high infiltration rates and low runoff potential. See the NRCS maps (http://www.nrcs.usda.gov/) for mapped soils within the city. 4.1.8 Land Use and Development Land use and the intensity of development have considerable effects on the quality and quantity of stormwater runoff flowing into the drainage system and ultimately discharging to receiving waters. As the population of the city increases, new areas of the city are developed or existing areas are redeveloped at a higher density. These changes can result in increased stormwater runoff and greater water quality impacts to water bodies. However, development regulations and drainage design standards imposed by the City are intended to mitigate these impacts. The following sections describe expected growth and how development regulations and design standards are being updated to reduce impacts to stormwater runoff. 4.1.8.1 Recent Growth Auburn’s population has steadily increased since the 1950s. Auburn’s population increased by an average of 8 percent per year from 1960 to 1980, then slowed to approximately 1.7 percent per year from 1980 to 1994. Auburn’s population growth rate began to increase in 1998, as the City began annexing new areas, which precipitated several large housing developments. The Washington State Office of Financial Management indicates that Auburn’s population in 2014 was approximately 74,600 (approximately 65,300 in King County and 9,300 in Pierce County). 4.1.8.2 Future Growth The City’s goals, objectives, and policies for growth and development are described in detail in the 2015 Comp Plan. These goals, objectives, and policies are applied to different areas of the city through land use designations (see Figure 4-4). The City also has developed special land use plans for certain areas of the city where specific land use goals have been identified. An important example is the city’s downtown area; one of the goals described in the Comp Plan is to encourage development and redevelopment in the downtown area to serve as an urban center for the community. Chapter 4 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 4-6 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx 4.1.8.3 Development Regulations and Drainage Design Standards The City implements state and federal stormwater regulations through the stormwater code, the Auburn SWMM, and related stormwater management programs and policies. City stormwater regulations contain specific requirements for managing stormwater quality and quantity in areas subject to new development and redevelopment. For example, the SWMM provides guidance for implementing LID measures that are designed both to improve water quality and to control peak flows and durations of runoff. The City is in the process of updating its local development regulations and drainage standards in accordance with updated NPDES Permit requirements. City stormwater regulations and development standards are intended to avoid substantial increases in stormwater discharges to the existing drainage system through the implementation of onsite stormwater controls. Ideally, this would keep stormwater conveyance demands at or near existing levels. 4.1.9 Flood Hazard Mapping The City of Auburn is a participant in the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) administered through the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) to enable property owners to purchase insurance protection from the government against losses from flooding. Participation in the NFIP is based on an agreement between the City and the federal government, stating that if the City adopts and enforces a floodplain management ordinance to reduce future flood risks to new construction in areas designated as Special Flood Hazard Areas (SFHA), the federal government will make flood insurance available within the community as a financial protection against flood losses. The SFHAs and other risk premium zones applicable to each participating community are depicted on Flood Insurance Rate Maps (FIRMs). FEMA established flood hazard zones from a Flood Insurance Study (FIS) for King County conducted in 2013, which examined flooding along several major rivers. Although the primary purpose of the FIS was to establish flood insurance rates, the flood mapping resulting from these studies is also used for floodplain management and flood hazard mitigation planning. Updates to the flood hazard zones are continually being made at local levels (King County and Pierce County) and represented in Preliminary FIRMs or Letters of Map Revision (LOMR). Preliminary FIRMs for all of King County were reissued on February 1, 2013. The most recent flood hazard mapping for Pierce County is presented in the County’s “Rivers Flood Hazard Management Plan” adopted in 2013 and also in LOMR files located on the FEMA Map Service Center Web page (Pierce County, 2013). Table 4-2 lists the Flood Insurance Rate Maps developed for areas within the City of Auburn. Table 4-2. FEMA Flood Insurance Rate Maps Applicable to Auburn 53033C1232K 53033C1253K 53033C1264K 5301380213C 53033C1235K 53033C1254K 53033C1266K 5301380375C 53033C1242K 53033C1261K 53033C1267K 5301380220C 53033C1251K 53033C1262K 53033C1268K 5301380351C 53033C1252K 53033C1263K 53033C1269K Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 4 4-7 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Stormwater Drainage Infrastructure 4.2 As part of the development of the 2009 Drainage Plan, the City embarked on a substantial effort to update its inventory of drainage system infrastructure owned or operated by the Storm Drainage Utility. Since that plan, the City has continued to update its inventory through dedicated field staff conducting surveys. This effort will continue until field surveys have been completed citywide. A comprehensive system inventory will provide the City with a database of infrastructure assets, which will achieve the following objectives: • Help to meet regulatory requirements • Provide input for hydraulic models to analyze system conveyance capacity • Serve as a basis for an asset criticality database used to prioritize repair and replacement (R&R) activities • Support the City’s M&O activities through the computerized maintenance management system (CMMS) Table 4-3 provides a summary of stormwater infrastructure inventory. Table 4-3. Stormwater Drainage Infrastructure Summary Infrastructure element GIS data type GIS feature class name Quantitya Unit Pipes, all sizes Polyline Storm pipes 1,108,000 Linear feet Pipes, all sizes (excluding force mains) Polyline Storm pipes 11,500 Count 6–10 in. diameter Polyline Storm pipes 2,300 Count 162,300 Linear feet 12–15 in. diameter Polyline Storm pipes 6,400 Count 547,500 Linear feet 16–18 in. diameter Polyline Storm pipes 1,100 Count 129,300 Linear feet 21–24 in. diameter Polyline Storm pipes 700 Count 96,900 Linear feet 27–36 in. diameter Polyline Storm pipes 400 Count 69,500 Linear feet 42–48 in. diameter Polyline Storm pipes 100 Count 32,700 Linear feet 54–72 in. diameter Polyline Storm pipes 10 Count 1,600 Linear feet Force mains Polyline Storm pipes 23 Count 2,500 Linear feet Open channels Polyline Storm channels 217,100 Linear feet Culverts Polyline Storm culverts 38,400 Linear feet Manholes Point Storm manholes 2,330 Count Catch basins Point Storm catch basins 8,880 Count Weirs Point Storm auxiliary equipment 1 Count Chapter 4 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 4-8 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 4-3. Stormwater Drainage Infrastructure Summary Infrastructure element GIS data type GIS feature class name Quantitya Unit Orifices Point Storm manholes or storm catch basin data, where attribute flow control = yes 203 Count Outfalls Point Storm outfalls 127 Count Detention ponds Point Detention sites 139 Count Infiltration ponds Point Detention sites 12 Count Vaults Point Vault 17 Count Pump stations Point Storm pumps 7 Count a. Quantities are based on current inventory and have not yet been finalized. Most of the storm drainage infrastructure is located in the city’s core, between Mill Creek and the Green River, where development densities are highest. Figure 4-5 shows an overview of the city’s stormwater drainage infrastructure. Critical Facilities 4.3 Section 3.2.2 describes policies and LOS goals for managing the City’s critical facilities and critical stormwater assets. Two groups of policies and LOS goals in particular focus on criticality. The first applies to critical facilities, stating that the City will manage stormwater runoff within the public ROW in the vicinity of critical facilities to allow access and ensure function of these facilities at all times, especially during large storm events (LOS Goal 3). Eleven critical facilities have been identified and included in Table 4-4. The second group of policies relates to the management of the City’s critical stormwater assets (LOS Goals 8–11). The City is modifying its inspection and maintenance practices to prioritize active management of facilities with the highest combined risk and consequence of failure (i.e., a criticality- based maintenance program). Factors that impact criticality include the age of the asset, repair history of the asset, condition of the asset, and financial consequences of a failure. The consequences of a system failure impacting a hospital or school are considered more serious than one affecting a residence or unoccupied property, and are thus assigned as critical assets. The City has identified 11 city facilities (Table 4-4) and seven stormwater pump stations (Table 4-5) as critical assets. The list of critical stormwater assets may expand as the City refines its criticality database by adding information (e.g., inspection and repair logs, asset age; see LOS Goal 8). The locations of these critical facilities are shown in Figure 4-6. Table 4-4. Critical City Facilities Facility Address City Hall 25 W Main Street City Hall Annex 1 E Main Street Justice Center 340 E Main Street Maintenance and Operation Facility 1305 C Street SW Regional Hospital 201 N Division Street Senior Center 808 9th Street SE Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 4 4-9 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 4-4. Critical City Facilities Facility Address Valley Regional Fire Authority (VRFA) Station 31 1101 D Street NE VRFA Station 32 1951 R Street SE VRFA Station 33 500 182nd Avenue E VRFA Station 34 31290 124th Avenue SE VRFA Station 35 2905 C Street SW Table 4-5. Critical Stormwater Facilities Storm drainage facility Year constructed Address A Street Pump Station 1973 404 A Street SE Auburn Way S Pump Station 1994 405 Auburn Way S Brannan Park Pump Station 2001 1302 30th Street NE Emerald Park Pump Station 1999 499 42nd Street NE M Street Pump Station 2014 410 M Street SE West Main Street Pump Station 2008 1410 W Main Street White River Pump Station 2012 4640 A Street SE Water Quality 4.4 This section describes the existing water quality and regulatory conditions that affect surface water quality in Auburn and describes upcoming processes that are required to maintain compliance with the City’s NPDES Permit. 4.4.1 Existing Conditions According to water resource inventories by Ecology, the main water bodies within the City’s administrative boundaries include the Green River, Mill Creek, White Lake, White River, and Bowman Creek. The City’s NPDES Permit requires that these water bodies meet water quality standards and criteria. Municipal storm sewers that discharge runoff from urban areas to surface waters are not authorized to violate state water quality standards. Appendix 2 of the NPDES Permit (Appendix A of this plan) describes water bodies that have been assessed as impaired and have additional requirements based on established TMDLs. A fecal coliform TMDL for the Puyallup River watershed is included in the current NPDES Permit. As part of the TMDL, the City is required to conduct wet weather sampling of discharges to the White River at Auburn Riverside High School. Details of the required activities are included in Appendix 2 to the NPDES Permit. The Green River has a TMDL for temperature that was approved by EPA in 2011. The TMDL report indicated that implementation will depend on the support and participation of Auburn; however, the water quality improvement plan has not been developed yet and the TMDL is not in Appendix 2 of the NPDES Permit (Ecology, 2011). The Green River is also being evaluated for a potential TMDL for dissolved oxygen, and Ecology is currently evaluating Mill Creek, White River and Little Soosette Creek within the city. Mill Creek is being Chapter 4 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 4-10 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx examined for potential TMDLs for temperature, fecal coliform, dissolved oxygen, and copper, and the lower White River currently is under evaluation for TMDLs for pH and temperature. Soos Creek watershed, which is partially in the city and includes the tributary Little Soosette Creek, has TMDLs under development for aquatic habitat, dissolved oxygen, temperature, and fecal coliform. One or more new TMDLs could be included in a future NPDES Permit. 4.4.2 Regulatory Compliance The City has a well-developed MS4 M&O program that employs and provides training on numerous processes and procedures to minimize water quality impacts from municipal operations. The City also actively implements stormwater management BMPs in its municipal activities. BMPs include activities, prohibitions of practices, maintenance procedures, and structural and/or managerial practices that prevent or reduce the release of pollutants and other adverse impacts to waters of Washington State. The current NPDES Permit includes provisions for monitoring and assessment of water quality. Permittees have the option of paying annual fees to participate in statewide monitoring programs, or developing individual monitoring programs to meet the requirement. The City notified Ecology in 2013 that it intends to participate in the statewide monitoring programs. Fees totaling $47,710 are due annually, beginning in August 2014. The City is in full compliance with its NPDES Permit, with programs, codes, processes, and procedures that meet all of the NPDES Permit requirements currently in effect. The City’s SWMP Plan contains a summary of the NPDES Permit requirements and descriptions of the City’s current and planned activities for NPDES Permit compliance. However, the City will need to make several changes to comply with updated requirements of the NPDES Permit that phase in during the permit term. The City is conducting a process to identify and implement needed updates to codes, standards, and programs by the relevant due dates. As part of the process, the City developed a Compliance Work Plan to outline and guide compliance activities over the current permit term. A copy of the Compliance Work Plan is included as Appendix B. A schedule of relevant due dates to comply with updated NPDES Permit requirements is provided in Section 8.3. Existing Drainage Problems 4.5 Members of the City staff working within the Storm Drainage Utility are experienced and familiar with the condition of the drainage system. Existing drainage problems have been observed by the staff and are known to cause frequent flooding of roadways. The most apparent problems were identified for analysis (see Hydraulic Evaluation, Section 5.1). Additionally, a severe storm event occurring in November 2007 caused substantial flooding in several locations that were identified during the development of the 2009 Drainage Plan. Many high-priority capital improvement projects were implemented to address these problems. Capital improvement projects, which were developed for some lower-priority locations, have yet to be implemented. For this planning effort, unimplemented capital improvement projects were revised based on current conditions and available information. Existing drainage problems are described in Table 4-5 and locations are mapped in Figure 4-7. Capital improvement projects developed to address these problems are described in Chapter 7. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 4 4-11 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 4-6. Existing Drainage Problems No. Priority Location Description Approximate frequency or last noted occurrence P1 1 West Main Street dead end near SR 167 The dead-end portion of Old West Main Street near SR 167 has a history of observed flooding. The City installed a temporary pump station to dewater the gravity pipe, flowing on the south side of Old West Main Street, in the effort to protect local businesses from flooding. Since its installation in 2008, the pump station has eliminated flooding at the observed location. The pump station, however, does not meet the City’s LOS guidelines regarding pump redundancy, and may be insufficient to convey the 25-year flow rate. The City’s gravity pipe on the north side of Old West Main Street experiences flooding, at one catch basin, approximately once per year. Portions of this gravity pipe are full and water has been observed at catch basin rims during summer months. The pump station and gravity pipe discharge to a Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT) ditch along the east side of SR 167. WSDOT has recently cleaned this ditch segment, and the impacts of this maintenance work are still being determined. Catch basin flooding once per year and system surcharging P2 1 37th and I Streets NW Recurring flooding in the vicinity of 37th Street NW and I Street NW causes several nuisance problems including slow or impeded traffic on 37th Street NW, driveway damage and/or impeded access to the nearby power substation, and impeded pedestrian and bicycle access to the Interurban Trail south of 37th Street NW (east of the substation). A couple times a year, after heavy rain prolonged wet periods following storm events P3 1 Hillsides throughout the city The existing drainage system includes pipes that discharge over hillsides. While a preliminary inventory and mapping of locations has been completed, field-locating and detailed inspection is warranted to define deficiencies. Periodic P4A 2 East of I Street NE between 32nd Street NE and 35th Street NE The residential development east of I Street NE between 32nd Street NE and 35th Street NE discharges flows into a City-owned infiltration area. The infiltration area commonly experiences prolonged periods of standing water due to high groundwater from extended high flows in the Green River, which is adjacent to the infiltration area. The drainage system on I Street NE currently lacks infrastructure to collect and convey stormwater away from the infiltration area as well as residential roadways and parking areas. Ponding occurs within the parking of the developments and presents a nuisance and potential hazard to local residents. Once every few years P4B 3 C Street NE between 30th Street NE and 37th Street NE The December 3, 2007, storm (approximately a 50-year storm) produced extensive flooding along C Street NE northward toward 37th Street NE, which required sandbagging to protect local businesses. Deposition of sediment within Mill Creek has raised the water levels within the creek and diminished the capacity of the gravity system in C Street NE and downstream in 37th Street NE. In addition to the influence of Mill Creek, modeling efforts demonstrate that the system’s capacity is limited by low pipe gradient and shallow inverts and that flooding would continue even with sediment removal within Mill Creek. December 2007 P5 1 West Hills Flooding has been reported along the S 330th Street roadway. Surface water from the ROW is conveyed through a ditch and set of pipes located on private properties. The portion on private property had previously been conveyed in a ditch. In an attempt to reclaim the front yard, a previous property owner filled the ditch with two parallel pipes. A City-owned pipe daylights to the backyard of a residential parcel and discharges runoff onto the northern adjacent property located on S 312th Street. Once in last 5 years Chapter 4 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 4-12 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 4-6. Existing Drainage Problems No. Priority Location Description Approximate frequency or last noted occurrence P6 2 North Airport area The inlet and outlet of Airport Pond I do not allow the pond to operate as designed; the pond fills from its outlet when the storm line in 30th Street NE surcharges. In the north hangar area immediately east of Airport Pond I, surcharging flows from the storm line in 30th Street NE backwater to the airport’s 30-inch-diameter storm drain and causes flooding to the north and west of the most northerly hangar. December 2007 P7 2 D Street SE at 25th Street The western dead-end portion of 25th Street SE has a history of observed flooding. An existing dry well has inadequate infiltration. The dry well floods after heavy rain, several times a year. Floodwater fills the adjacent section of 25th Street SE to the curb. Numerous dry wells also do not meet discharge standards. Floods after heavy prolonged rain P8 3 23rd Street SE A new 12-inch-diameter stormwater gravity drain was installed along K Street SE, south of 23rd Street SE, in 2014 to address localized flooding. This piping increased the tributary area to the 8-inch-diameter gravity drain along 23rd Street SE. Modeling results indicate that the existing 8-inch- diameter gravity drain along 23rd Street SE does not meet the LOS. None reported; potential flooding simulated through modeling In addition to the problem locations listed in Table 4-6, the City identified two potential problem areas described below. Riverwalk Drive SE and Howard Road. Roadside ditches along the north and east side of Howard Road, between Riverwalk Drive SE and R Street SE overtop and flood portions of Howard Road and the mobile home park along the south side of the road. The Muckleshoot Indian Tribe has development plans for the property between Howard Road and Auburn Way S. As part of the development, storm drainage infiltration areas will be expanded northward of the existing facilities in the vicinity of the City’s water treatment facility. Proposed facilities will include an overflow to the City’s storm drainage system, which flows to the 21st Street Pond. The proposed modifications may address the observed flooding. 2nd and G Streets SE. The 2009 Drainage Plan described a problem at this location as roadway flooding during large rain events due to manhole surcharging in the intersection. The manhole is located in a local low point, and water encroaches on private property. In addition, a King County regional sewer line crosses the storm drainage line at this manhole reducing conveyance capacity at this location. A project to address this problem was included in the 2009 Drainage Plan, but has not been implemented. Flooding has not been reported at this location since the development of the 2009 Drainage Plan. With the implementation of the project Auburn Way S Flooding, Phase 1 in 2012 and planned construction of Auburn Way S Flooding, Phase 2 in 2015/2016, the tributary area to this reported problem location will be reduced. The lack of recent reported flooding and the reduced tributary area may indicate a project is not warranted for this location. B S T N W L a k eT a p p s B i g S o o s C r e e k Mill Creek R i v e r G r e e n River Mill Creek CreekMill G r e e n R i v e r G r e e nRiver White G r e e n River Soosette Creek River W hit e Bow m an C re e k W h i t e River R i v e r WhiteLake M u l l e n S l o u g h GreenR i v e r Lake Meridian White CoalC reek S p ring Ols o n C reek S R 1 6 7 SR 1 8 A S T S E C S T S W A U B U R N W A Y S B S T N W I S T N E AU B U R N W A Y N R S T S E 13 2 N D A V E S E WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y N W M S T S E 8TH ST E E MAIN ST 24TH ST E 12 4 T H A V E S E EA S T V A L L E Y H W Y S E 12 2 N D A V E E BU T T E A V E 15TH ST SW SE 288TH ST 2ND ST E C S T N E SE 312TH ST S 277TH ST W MAIN ST 15TH ST NW C S T N W 19 8 T H A V E E 53RD ST SE 9TH ST E 29TH ST SE GREEN VALLEY RD 1 7 9 T H A V E JO V I T A B L V D SE 320TH ST 11 4 T H A V E E 11 6 T H A V E S E EDWARDS RD E LAKE TAPPS PKWY SE 41ST ST SE S 384TH ST WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y S W 16TH ST E 11 0 T H A V E E K E R S E Y W A Y S E 14 7 T H A V E S E 4TH ST E 18TH ST E M S T N E 12TH ST E SE 304TH ST 1 9 0 T H A V E E 11 2 T H A V E E 3RD AVE SE ELLINGSON RD SW 37TH ST SE PE R I M E T E R R D SE 272ND ST 4 6 T H P L S 8TH ST NE 18 2 N D A V E E 37TH ST NW AC A D E M Y D R S E SE LAKE HOLM RD 22ND ST NE L A K E L A N D H I L L S W A Y S E ORA V E T Z R D S E VA L E N T I N E A V E S E C U T O F F 51 S T A V E S SE 282ND ST P E A S L E Y C A N Y O N R D S 14 4 T H A V E S E 17TH ST SE S 296TH ST 25TH ST SE 12TH ST SE 55 T H A V E S A U B U R N - E N U M C L A W R D 1 8 5 T H A V E E 21 4 T H A V E E D S T S E 1ST AVE SE TA C O M A B L V D D S T N W A S T N E 4TH ST SE CE L E R Y A V E 30TH ST NE 10 8 T H A V E EA S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 11 2 T H A V E S E SE 316TH ST 14 8 T H A V E S E T A C O M A P O I N T D R E 55TH ST SE E V E R G R E E N W A Y S E D S T N E M S T N W O S T N E S E 3 6 8 T H P L W S T N W 1 6 9 T H A V E E S 287TH ST 3RD AVE S 5TH AVE SW E S T N E 37TH ST NE 14 2 N D A V E E S 316TH ST H A R V E Y R D S C E N I C D R S E H S T N W M A I N S T S 292ND ST WE S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 44TH ST NW 3RD AVE SW AL G O N A B L V D N 11 8 T H A V E E 10TH ST NE CL A Y S T N W 4TH AVE SW 14 8 T H A V E E 7TH ST SE 13 7 T H A V E E 26 T H S T E 13 6 T H A V E E SE 310TH ST S 3RD AVE TH O R T O N A V E S W 2 0 0 T H A V E E 17TH S T E RIVE R D R BOUNDARY BLVD LEA HIL L R D S E 32ND ST E 11 8 T H A V E S E 58 T H A V E S 10 4 T H A V E S E S 372ND ST J S T N E ROY RD SW 4TH ST NE PA C I F I C A V E S 11 0 T H A V E S E 14TH ST NE SE 281ST ST 16 0 T H A V E S E 12 6 T H A V E E 5TH ST SE 72 N D A V E S 56 T H P L S 25TH ST E BR I D G E T A V E S E 57 T H A V E S S 328TH ST DO G W O O D S T S E SE 376TH ST 2ND AVE SW 8TH ST SE S 279TH ST L S T S E T S T S E F S T S E FR O N T A G E R D C O T T A G E R D E FO S T E R A V E S E 52 N D A V E S SE 274TH ST 16 6 T H A V E E 1ST AVE N SE 299TH ST SE 316TH PL SE 284TH ST 49TH ST NE S 362ND ST I S T N W 32ND PL NE 54 T H A V E S A S T S W 57 T H P L S U S T N W 7 8 T H A V E S 3RD ST E D E E R I S L A N D D R E 13 5 T H A V E S E 47TH S T S E 2 0 4 T H A V E E 28TH ST NE 8 6 T H A V E S S 356TH ST J S T S E R S T N W 27TH ST E 15TH ST E 28TH ST E MI L I T A R Y R D S 13TH ST E K S T S E OL I V E A V E S E 10TH ST E 31ST ST NE SE 323RD PL 54 T H P L S B S T S E WY M A N D R 26TH ST SE S 336TH ST ST P A U L B L V D S 340TH ST C S T S E B S T N E 32ND ST SE S 300TH ST 1ST AVE S 36TH ST SE ELM LN SE 301ST ST 2 0 8 T H A V E E V S T N W 2ND ST SE 23RD ST SE 4TH AVE S 3RD ST SE QU I N C Y A V E S E 21ST ST NE 1 5 6 T H A V E E 14 0 T H A V E E HE M L O C K S T S E 1 8 4 T H C T E 5 6 T H A V E S SE 298TH PL30TH ST NW 30TH ST SE S 318TH ST 24TH ST SE 2ND AVE S 14TH ST E H S T N E LU N D R D S W S 324TH ST PI K E S T N W 21ST ST E 31ST ST E 42ND ST NW 6TH AVE SW 11 9 T H A V E E SE 286TH ST 9TH ST SE 55 T H P L S SE 276TH PL 65 T H A V E S SE 295TH PL G S T N E 27TH ST SE5TH AVE N SK I N N E R R D 12 8 T H A V E E S 354TH ST S 344TH ST SE 364TH ST SE 290TH ST 10TH ST SE D S T S W SE 280TH ST 2 1 1 T H A V E E NA T H A N A V E S E HI C R E S T D R B PL NW SE 294TH ST 72ND ST SE S 285TH ST 6TH ST NW 14 6 T H A V E S E SE 293RD ST 3RD ST NW 12 6 T H A V E S E I S A A C A V E S E S 312TH ST EL M S T S E CLAY ST S 370TH ST 52 N D P L S 7TH ST E 19TH DR NE SE 307TH PL 51ST S T S E 10TH AVE N S 364TH ST 14 0 T H A V E S E 28TH ST SE 15TH ST SE 13 3 R D A V E S E 10 8 T H A V E S E 73RD ST SE SE 295TH ST 26TH ST NE S 366TH ST SE 3 8 0 T H P L SE 297TH ST 2 1 0 T H A V E E 66TH ST SE 24TH ST NE SE 296TH ST SE 285TH ST S 368TH ST AL D E R L N S 11 7 T H A V E S E U S T S E 19TH ST SE 6TH ST SE 11 0 T H P L S E A ST E 15 6 T H A V E S E 21ST ST SE R PL NE 11 7 T H A V E E 33RD ST SE 7TH ST 5TH ST NE 53 R D A V E S HE A T H E R A V E S E F S T N E 11 2 T H P L S E 51 S T P L S SE 292ND ST D PL SE S 320TH ST SE 272ND PL 8TH ST SW 6TH AVE N 22ND ST E 63 R D P L S 2ND CT NW 1ST ST NE R S T N E 12 9 T H P L S E O C T S E S 342ND ST 26TH ST NW SE 321ST PL 11 4 T H P L S E 8TH ST NE 51 S T A V E S 9TH ST E 55T H P L S SE 288TH ST SR 1 6 7 SE 272ND ST 51 S T A V E S 11 0 T H A V E S E C S T N W SE 282ND ST S 277TH ST 55 T H A V E S SE 296TH ST 53 R D A V E S SE 282ND ST 11 8 T H A V E S E 8TH ST E SR 1 8 SE 272ND ST SR 1 6 7 M S T N W 1ST AVE N SR 1 6 7 14 2 N D A V E E S 277TH ST SE 274TH ST 56 T H A V E S SR 1 6 7 23RD ST SE H S T N E SR 1 6 7 8TH ST E 16TH ST E SR 1 6 7 10 8 T H A V E S E SR 1 6 7 12TH ST E M S T N E 10 4 T H A V E S E 2ND ST E SE 301ST ST SR 1 6 7 SR 18 21ST ST E R S T N W 32ND ST E 14 4 T H A V E S E 12 4 T H A V E S E 32ND ST E 14 8 T H A V E S E D S T S E 24TH ST E SR 1 8 2ND ST SE 17TH ST SE SE 368TH PL 20 0 T H A V E E 51ST S T S E R S T N W COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN 1 inch = 4,000 feet April 2015 LEGEND Roadway Watercourse Water Body Wetland Auburn City Boundary P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 4 - 1 ( n a t d r a i n ) . m x d 0 4,000 8,000 Feet Figure 4-1Natural Drainage Features of the City of Auburn¯ L a k eT a p p s Bi g S o o s C r e e k Mill Creek R i v e r G r e e n R i ver M ill Creek CreekMill G r e e n R i v e r White G r e e n River Soosette Creek River Whit e Bow m an C re e k W h i t e River R i v e r WhiteLake M u l l e n S l o u g h Green R i v e r Lake Meridian White Lea Hill Southern North Central West Hill Southeast South Central COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN 1 inch = 4,000 feet LEGEND Roadway Watercourse Water Body Wetland Drainage Subarea Auburn City Boundary Major receiving water Green River Mill Creek Mullen Slough Soosette and Big Soos Creeks White River Outfalls Green River Mill Creek White River Other Stream Wetland P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 4 - 2 ( s u b b a s i n s ) . m x d 0 4,000 8,000 Feet Figure 4-2Drainage Subareas for the City of Auburn Storm Drainage Utility¯April 2015 L a k eT a p p s B i g S o o s C r e e k Mill Creek R i v e r G r e e n R i ver Mill Creek CreekMill G r e e n R i v e r G r e e n River White G r e e n River Soosette Creek River W hit e Bow man C re e k W h i t e River R i v e r WhiteLake M u l l e n S l o u g h Green R i v e r Lake Meridian White S R 1 6 7 SR 1 8 A S T S E C S T S W A U B U R N W A Y S B S T N W I S T N E AU B U R N W A Y N R S T S E 13 2 N D A V E S E WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y N W M S T S E 8TH ST E E MAIN ST 24TH ST E 12 4 T H A V E S E EA S T V A L L E Y H W Y S E JOVITA BLVD 12 2 N D A V E E C S T N W BU T T E A V E S 384TH ST 11 0 T H A V E E 15TH ST SW SE 288TH ST 2ND ST E C S T N E SE 312TH ST S 277TH ST W MAIN ST 15TH ST NW 19 8 T H A V E E 53RD ST SE 9TH ST E 29TH ST SE GREEN VALLEY RD 1 7 9 T H A V E SE 320TH ST 11 4 T H A V E E 11 6 T H A V E S E EDWARDS RD E LAKE TAPPS PKWY SE 41ST ST SE WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y S W STUCK R I V E R D R 16TH ST E K E R S E Y W A Y S E 14 7 T H A V E S E 4TH ST E 18TH ST E M S T N E 12TH ST E SE 304TH ST 1 9 0 T H A V E E 11 2 T H A V E E 3RD AVE SE ELLINGSON RD SW 37TH ST SE PE R I M E T E R R D SE 272ND ST 4 6 T H P L S 8TH ST NE 18 2 N D A V E E 37TH ST NW AC A D E M Y D R S E SE LAKE HOLM RD 22ND ST NE L A K E L A N D H I L L S W A Y S E ORA V E T Z R D S E VA L E N T I N E A V E S E C U T O F F 51 S T A V E S SE 282ND ST 14 4 T H A V E S E 17TH ST SE S 296TH ST 25TH ST SE 12TH ST SE 55 T H A V E S 1 8 5 T H A V E E 21 4 T H A V E E D S T S E 1ST AVE SE TA C O M A B L V D D S T N W A S T N E 4TH ST SE CE L E R Y A V E 30TH ST NE 10 8 T H A V E EA S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 11 2 T H A V E S E SE 316TH ST 14 8 T H A V E S E T A C O M A P O I N T D R E A U B U R N - E N U M C L A W R D 55TH ST SE E V E R G R E E N W A Y S E EM E R A L D D O W N S D R N W D S T N E M S T N W O S T N E S E 3 6 8 T H P L W S T N W 1 6 9 T H A V E E S 287TH ST 3RD AVE S 5TH AVE SW E S T N E 37TH ST NE 14 2 N D A V E E S 316TH ST H A R V E Y R D S C E N I C D R S E H S T N W M A I N S T S 292ND ST WE S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 44TH ST NW 3RD AVE SW 11 8 T H A V E E 10TH ST NE CL A Y S T N W 4TH AVE SW 14 8 T H A V E E 7TH ST SE 13 7 T H A V E E 26 T H S T E 13 6 T H A V E E SE 310TH ST S 3RD AVE TH O R T O N A V E S W 2 0 0 T H A V E E RIVE R D R BOUNDARY BLVD LEA HIL L R D S E 32ND ST E 11 8 T H A V E S E 58 T H A V E S AL G O N A B L V D N 10 4 T H A V E S E S 372ND ST J S T N E ROY RD SW 4TH ST NE PA C I F I C A V E S 11 0 T H A V E S E 14TH ST NE D R I V E W A Y SE 281ST ST 12 6 T H A V E E 5TH ST SE 72 N D A V E S 56 T H P L S 25TH ST E BR I D G E T A V E S E 57 T H A V E S S 328TH ST DO G W O O D S T S E 2ND AVE SW 8TH ST SE S 279TH ST L S T S E T S T S E F S T S E FR O N T A G E R D C O T T A G E R D E FO S T E R A V E S E 52 N D A V E S SE 274TH ST 1ST ST E 16 6 T H A V E E 1ST AVE N SE 299TH ST SE 316TH PL SE 284TH ST 49TH ST NE S 362ND ST NO R M A N A V E S E I S T N W 32ND PL NE 54 T H A V E S A S T S W 57 T H P L S U S T N W 7 8 T H A V E S 3RD ST E D E E R I S L A N D D R E 13 5 T H A V E S E 47TH S T S E 2 0 4 T H A V E E 28TH ST NE 8 6 T H A V E S S 356TH ST J S T S E R S T N W 27TH ST E 15TH ST E 28TH ST E MI L I T A R Y R D S 13TH ST E K S T S E OL I V E A V E S E 10TH ST E 10 8 T H A V E E 31ST ST NE SE 323RD PL 54 T H P L S B S T S E WY M A N D R 26TH ST SE S 336TH ST ST P A U L B L V D S 340TH ST C S T S E B S T N E 32ND ST SE S 300TH ST 1ST AVE S 36TH ST SE ELM LN SE 301ST ST 2 0 8 T H A V E E SE 287TH ST V S T N W 2ND ST SE 23RD ST SE 4TH AVE S 3RD ST SE QU I N C Y A V E S E 29TH ST NW 21ST ST NE 1 5 6 T H A V E E HE M L O C K S T S E 1 8 4 T H C T E 5 6 T H A V E S 10 6 T H A V E E SE 298TH PL30TH ST NW 30TH ST SE S 318TH ST 24TH ST SE 2ND AVE S 14TH ST E H S T N E LU N D R D S W S 324TH ST PI K E S T N W 21ST ST E 31ST ST E 42ND ST NW 6TH AVE SW 17TH S T E 11 9 T H A V E E SE 286TH ST 9TH ST SE 55T H P L S SE 276TH PL 65 T H A V E S SE 295TH PL G S T N E 27TH ST SE5TH AVE N SK I N N E R R D 1 0 2 N D A V E S E 12 8 T H A V E E S 354TH ST S 344TH ST SE 364TH ST SE 290TH ST 10TH ST SE D S T S W SE 280TH ST 2 1 1 T H A V E E NA T H A N A V E S E V S T S E HI C R E S T D R B PL NW SE 294TH ST S 285TH ST 6TH ST NW 14 6 T H A V E S E SE 293RD ST PE A R L A V E S E 3RD ST NW 12 6 T H A V E S E I S A A C A V E S E S 312TH ST EL M S T S E CLAY ST S 370TH ST 20TH ST E 52 N D P L S 7TH ST E 19TH DR NE SE 307TH PL 51ST S T S E 10TH AVE N S 364TH ST 14 0 T H A V E S E 28TH ST SE 72ND ST SE 15TH ST SE 13 3 R D A V E S E 10 8 T H A V E S E 73RD ST SE SE 295TH ST 26TH ST NE S 366TH ST SE 297TH ST 2 1 0 T H A V E E 66TH ST SE 24TH ST NE SE 296TH ST SE 285TH ST S 368TH ST AL D E R L N S 11 7 T H A V E S E U S T S E 19TH ST SE 6TH ST SE 11 0 T H P L S E A ST E 15 6 T H A V E S E 21ST ST SE R PL NE 11 7 T H A V E E 10 5 T H A V E S E 7TH ST 5TH ST NE 53 R D A V E S HE A T H E R A V E S E F S T N E 11 2 T H P L S E 51 S T P L S SE 292ND ST D PL SE S 320TH ST SE 272ND PL 8TH ST SW 6TH AVE N 22ND ST E 12 3 R D A V E E 63 R D P L S TH O R T O N P L S W 2ND CT NW 1ST ST NE 12 9 T H P L S E 6TH ST NE 3RD ST NE O C T S E S 342ND ST 10 5 T H A V E E 26TH ST NW SE 321ST PL 11 4 T H P L S E 26TH ST NE 55 T H A V E S SE 301ST ST 54 T H A V E S 56 T H A V E S 51 S T A V E S M S T N E 14 4 T H A V E S E SE 292ND ST 32ND ST E SR 18 24TH ST E 21ST ST E S 277TH ST 11 0 T H A V E S E SE 282ND ST SR 1 6 7 20 0 T H A V E E SE 272ND ST SR 18 DRIVEWAY 2ND ST SE R S T N W SE 274TH ST 8TH ST E 10 8 T H A V E S E 32ND ST E SE 288TH ST 9TH ST E 51 S T A V E S 23RD ST SE 16TH ST E SR 1 6 7 12TH ST E SR 1 6 7 12 4 T H A V E S E SR 1 6 7 DRIV E W A Y 8TH ST NE SE 272ND ST 14 8 T H A V E S E SE 282ND ST SR 1 6 7 V S T S E 17TH ST E 8TH ST E SR 1 8 SR 1 6 7 SR 1 6 7 SE 296TH ST H S T N E R S T N W 13TH ST E SR 1 6 7 51ST S T S E SR 1 6 7 10 4 T H A V E S E 1ST AVE N SE 284TH ST D R I V E W A Y SR 1 8 D R I V E W A Y S 277TH ST 10 8 T H A V E E D S T S E SE 304TH S T 10 6 T H A V E E 17TH ST SE 55T H P L S COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN 1 inch = 4,000 feet April 2015 LEGEND Roadway Watercourse Water Body Wetland Subbasins Auburn City Boundary Surficial Geology Qa Qc Qf Qga Qgd Qgl Qgo Qgp Qgp(s) Qgp(st) Qgpc Qgt Qls Qp Qvl(o) P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 4 - 3 ( g e o ) . m x d 0 4,000 8,000 Feet Figure 4-3Surface Geology inthe Vicinity of theCity of Auburn Geologic UnitLithologyQaAlluvium Qc Continental sedimentary deposits or rocks Qf Artificial fill, including modified land Qga Advance continental glacial outwash, Fraser-age Qgd Continental glacial drift, Fraser-age Qgl Glaciolacustrine deposits, Fraser-age Qgo Continental glacial outwash, Fraser-age Qgp Continental glacial drift, pre-Fraser Qgp(s)Continental glacial drift, pre-Frasier, Salmon Springs Drift Qgp(st)Continental glacial drift, pre-Fraser, Stuck Drift Qgpc Continental glacial drift, pre-Fraser, and nonglacial deposits Qgt Continental glacial till, Fraser-age Qls Mass-wasting deposits, mostly landslides Qp Peat deposits Qvl(o)Lahars ¯ L a k eT a p p s B i g S o o s C r e e k Mill Creek R i v e r G r e e n R i ver M ill Creek CreekMill G r e e n R i v e r G r e e n River White G r e e n River Soosette Creek River W hit e Bow m an C re e k W h i t e River R i v e r WhiteLake M u l l e n S l o u g h Green R i v e r Lake Meridian White S R 1 6 7 A S T S E C S T S W A U B U R N W A Y S B S T N W I S T N E AU B U R N W A Y N SR 1 8 R S T S E 13 2 N D A V E S E WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y N W M S T S E 8TH ST E E MAIN ST 24TH ST E 12 4 T H A V E S E JOVIT A B L V D EA S T V A L L E Y H W Y S E 12 2 N D A V E E BU T T E A V E S 384TH ST 11 0 T H A V E E 15TH ST SW SE 288TH ST 2ND ST E C S T N E SE 312TH ST S 277TH ST W MAIN ST 15TH ST NW C S T N W 19 8 T H A V E E 53RD ST SE 9TH ST E 29TH ST SE GREEN VALLEY RD 1 7 9 T H A V E SE 320TH ST 11 4 T H A V E E 11 6 T H A V E S E EDWARDS RD E LAKE TAPPS PKWY SE 41ST ST SE WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y S W STUCK R I V E R D R 16TH ST E K E R S E Y W A Y S E 14 7 T H A V E S E 4TH ST E 18TH ST E M S T N E 12TH ST E SE 304TH ST 1 9 0 T H A V E E 11 2 T H A V E E 3RD AVE SE ELLINGSON RD SW 37TH ST SE PE R I M E T E R R D SE 272ND ST 4 6 T H P L S 8TH ST NE 18 2 N D A V E E 37TH ST NW AC A D E M Y D R S E SE LAKE HOLM RD 22ND ST NE L A K E L A N D H I L L S W A Y S E ORA V E T Z R D S E VA L E N T I N E A V E S E C U T O F F 51 S T A V E S SE 282ND ST 14 4 T H A V E S E 17TH ST SE S 296TH ST 25TH ST SE 12TH ST SE 55 T H A V E S 1 8 5 T H A V E E 21 4 T H A V E E D S T S E 1ST AVE SE TA C O M A B L V D D S T N W A S T N E 4TH ST SE CE L E R Y A V E 30TH ST NE 10 8 T H A V E EA S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 11 2 T H A V E S E SE 316TH ST 14 8 T H A V E S E T A C O M A P O I N T D R E 55TH ST SE A U B U R N - E N U M C L A W R D E V E R G R E E N W A Y S E D S T N E M S T N W O S T N E S E 3 6 8 T H P L W S T N W 1 6 9 T H A V E E S 287TH ST 3RD AVE S 5TH AVE SW E S T N E 37TH ST NE 14 2 N D A V E E S 316TH ST H A R V E Y R D S C E N I C D R S E H S T N W M A I N S T S 292ND ST WE S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 44TH ST NW 3RD AVE SW 11 8 T H A V E E 10TH ST NE CL A Y S T N W 4TH AVE SW 14 8 T H A V E E 7TH ST SE 13 7 T H A V E E 26 T H S T E 13 6 T H A V E E SE 310TH ST S 3RD AVE TH O R T O N A V E S W 2 0 0 T H A V E E 17TH S T E RIVE R D R BOUNDARY BLVD LEA HIL L R D S E 32ND ST E 11 8 T H A V E S E 58 T H A V E S AL G O N A B L V D N 10 4 T H A V E S E S 372ND ST J S T N E ROY RD SW 4TH ST NE PA C I F I C A V E S 11 0 T H A V E S E 14TH ST NE DRIVEWAY SE 281ST ST 12 6 T H A V E E 5TH ST SE 72 N D A V E S 56 T H P L S 25TH ST E BR I D G E T A V E S E 57 T H A V E S S 328TH ST DO G W O O D S T S E 2ND AVE SW 8TH ST SE S 279TH ST L S T S E T S T S E F S T S E FR O N T A G E R D C O T T A G E R D E FO S T E R A V E S E 52 N D A V E S SE 274TH ST 16 6 T H A V E E 1ST AVE N SE 299TH ST SE 316TH PL SE 284TH ST 49TH ST NE S 362ND ST I S T N W 32ND PL NE 54 T H A V E S A S T S W 57 T H P L S U S T N W 7 8 T H A V E S 3RD ST E D E E R I S L A N D D R E 13 5 T H A V E S E 47TH S T S E 2 0 4 T H A V E E 28TH ST NE 8 6 T H A V E S S 356TH ST J S T S E R S T N W 27TH ST E 15TH ST E 28TH ST E MI L I T A R Y R D S 13TH ST E K S T S E OL I V E A V E S E 10TH ST E 10 8 T H A V E E 31ST ST NE SE 323RD PL 54 T H P L S B S T S E WY M A N D R 26TH ST SE S 336TH ST ST P A U L B L V D S 340TH ST C S T S E B S T N E 32ND ST SE S 300TH ST 1ST AVE S 36TH ST SE ELM LN SE 301ST ST 2 0 8 T H A V E E SE 287TH ST V S T N W 2ND ST SE 23RD ST SE 4TH AVE S 3RD ST SE QU I N C Y A V E S E 21ST ST NE 1 5 6 T H A V E E 14 0 T H A V E E HE M L O C K S T S E 1 8 4 T H C T E 5 6 T H A V E S 10 6 T H A V E E SE 298TH PL 30TH ST SE S 318TH ST 24TH ST SE 2ND AVE S 14TH ST E H S T N E LU N D R D S W S 324TH ST PI K E S T N W 21ST ST E 31ST ST E 42ND ST NW 6TH AVE SW 11 9 T H A V E E SE 286TH ST 9TH ST SE 55T H P L S SE 276TH PL 65 T H A V E S SE 295TH PL G S T N E 27TH ST SE5TH AVE N SK I N N E R R D 12 8 T H A V E E S 354TH ST S 344TH ST SE 364TH ST SE 290TH ST 10TH ST SE D S T S W SE 280TH ST 2 1 1 T H A V E E NA T H A N A V E S E V S T S E 1 0 4 T H P L S E HI C R E S T D R B PL NW SE 294TH ST 72ND ST SE S 285TH ST 6TH ST NW 14 6 T H A V E S E SE 293RD ST 3RD ST NW 12 6 T H A V E S E I S A A C A V E S E S 312TH ST EL M S T S E CLAY ST S 370TH ST 20TH ST E 52 N D P L S 7TH ST E 19TH DR NE SE 307TH PL 51ST S T S E 10TH AVE N S 364TH ST 14 0 T H A V E S E 28TH ST SE 15TH ST SE 13 3 R D A V E S E 10 8 T H A V E S E 73RD ST SE SE 295TH ST 26TH ST NE S 366TH ST SE 297TH ST 2 1 0 T H A V E E 66TH ST SE 24TH ST NE SE 296TH ST SE 285TH ST S 368TH ST AL D E R L N S 11 7 T H A V E S E U S T S E 19TH ST SE 6TH ST SE 11 0 T H P L S E A ST E WA R D A V E S E 15 6 T H A V E S E 21ST ST SE R PL NE 11 7 T H A V E E 10 5 T H A V E S E 7TH ST 5TH ST NE 53 R D A V E S HE A T H E R A V E S E F S T N E 11 2 T H P L S E 51 S T P L S SE 292ND ST D PL SE S 320TH ST SE 272ND PL 8TH ST SW 6TH AVE N 22ND ST E 12 3 R D A V E E 63 R D P L S 2ND CT NW 1ST ST NE R S T N E 12 9 T H P L S E O C T S E S 342ND ST 10 5 T H A V E E 26TH ST NW 5TH ST E SE 321ST PL 11 4 T H P L S E 1ST AVE N SE 282ND ST SE 296TH ST M S T N W 12TH ST E 55T H P L S 2ND ST SE 8TH ST E SR 1 8 10 4 T H A V E S E 9TH ST E SE 282ND ST 16TH ST E R S T N W 8TH ST E SE 272ND ST 11 8 T H A V E S E 32ND ST E 14 8 T H A V E S E SE 272ND ST SR 18 SE 284TH ST 14 2 N D A V E E V S T S E 10 6 T H A V E E SR 1 8 54 T H A V E S 56 T H A V E S C S T N W SR 1 6 7 SR 1 6 7 10 5 T H A V E E 8TH ST NE D S T S E 21ST ST E 20 0 T H A V E E 26TH ST NE R S T N W 51 S T A V E S DRIVEWAY SE 274TH ST SR 1 6 7 51ST S T S E D R I V E W A Y S 277TH ST SE 301ST ST 12 4 T H A V E S E SR 1 6 7 24TH ST E 14 4 T H A V E S E 51 S T A V E S SR 1 6 7 DRIV E W A Y 13TH ST E SR 1 6 7 SR 1 6 7 55 T H A V E S H S T N E 10 8 T H A V E E D R I V E W A Y 11 0 T H A V E S E 10 8 T H A V E E 10 8 T H A V E S E SR 18 SR 1 6 7 M S T N E S 277TH ST 17TH ST SE 32ND ST E COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN 1 inch = 4,000 feet April 2015 P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 4 - 4 ( l a n d u s e ) . m x d 0 4,000 8,000 Feet Figure 4-4Land Use Designationsfor the City of Auburn LEGEND Roadway Watercourse Hydrography Subbasins Auburn City Boundary Existing Land Use Rural Single-Family Residential Moderate Density Residential High Density Residential Office Residential Neighborhood Commercial Light Commercial Heavy Commercial Downtown Light Industrial Heavy Industrial Public and Quasi-Public Open Space Special Plan Area - Adopted Special Plan Area - Proposed ¯ [Ú [Ú [Ú[Ú [Ú [Ú[Ú [Ú [Ú[Ú [Ú[Ú[Ú[Ú[Ú [Ú L a k eT a p p s B i g S o o s C r e e k Mill Creek R i v e r G r e e n R i ver Mill Creek CreekMill G r e e n R i v e r G r e e n River White G r e e n River Soosette Creek River W hit e Bow man C re e k W h i t e River R i v e r WhiteLake M u l l e n S l o u g h Green R i v e r Lake Meridian White " West Main PS " A Street PS " Auburn Way South PS " Emerald Park PS " Brannan Park PS " White River PS " M Street PS COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN 1 inch = 4,000 feet April 2015 LEGEND [Ú Pump Station Infiltration Pond or Swale Detention Pond Stormwater Vault or Tank Storm Pipe Open Channel (Ditch) Roadway Watercourse Water Body Wetland Auburn City Boundary P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 4 - 5 ( i n f r a ) . m x d 0 4,000 8,000 Feet Figure 4-5Drainage Infrastructure for the City of Auburn Storm Drainage Utility¯ 4 L a k eT a p p s B i g S o o s C r e e k Mill Creek R i v e r G r e e n R i ver Mill Creek CrMill G r e e n R i v e r G r e e n River White G r e e n River Soosette Creek River W hit e Bow man C re e k W h i t e River R i v e r WhiteLake M u l l e n S l o u g h Green R i v e r Lake Meridian White ¬«S7 S R 1 6 7 SR 1 8 A S T S E C S T S W A U B U R N W A Y S B S T N W I S T N E AU B U R N W A Y N R S T S E 13 2 N D A V E S E WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y N W M S T S E 8TH ST E E MAIN ST 24TH ST E 12 4 T H A V E S E EA S T V A L L E Y H W Y S E 12 2 N D A V E E BU T T E A V E 11 0 T H A V E E 15TH ST SW SE 288TH ST 2ND ST EJOVITA BLVD C S T N E S 384TH ST SE 312TH ST S 277TH ST W MAIN ST 15TH ST NW C S T N W 19 8 T H A V E E 53RD ST SE 9TH ST E 29TH ST SE GREEN VALLEY RD 1 7 9 T H A V E SE 320TH ST 11 4 T H A V E E 11 6 T H A V E S E EDWARDS RD E LAKE TAPPS PKWY SE 41ST ST SE WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y S W STUCK R I V E R D R 16TH ST E K E R S E Y W A Y S E 14 7 T H A V E S E 4TH ST E 18TH ST E M S T N E 12TH ST E SE 304TH ST 1 9 0 T H A V E E 11 2 T H A V E E 3RD AVE SE ELLINGSON RD SW 37TH ST SE PE R I M E T E R R D SE 272ND ST 4 6 T H P L S 8TH ST NE 18 2 N D A V E E 37TH ST NW AC A D E M Y D R S E SE LAKE HOLM RD 22ND ST NE L A K E L A N D H I L L S W A Y S E ORA V E T Z R D S E VA L E N T I N E A V E S E C U T O F F 51 S T A V E S SE 282ND ST 14 4 T H A V E S E 17TH ST SE S 296TH ST 25TH ST SE 12TH ST SE 55 T H A V E S 1 8 5 T H A V E E 21 4 T H A V E E D S T S E 1ST AVE SE TA C O M A B L V D A U B U R N - E N U M C L A W R D D S T N W A S T N E 4TH ST SE TB D CE L E R Y A V E 30TH ST NE 10 8 T H A V E EA S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 11 2 T H A V E S E SE 316TH ST 14 8 T H A V E S E T A C O M A P O I N T D R E 55TH ST SE E V E R G R E E N W A Y S E D S T N E M S T N W O S T N E S E 3 6 8 T H P L W S T N W 1 6 9 T H A V E E S 287TH ST 3RD AVE S 5TH AVE SW E S T N E 37TH ST NE 14 2 N D A V E E S 316TH ST H A R V E Y R D S C E N I C D R S E H S T N W M A I N S T S 292ND ST WE S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 44TH ST NW 3RD AVE SW 11 8 T H A V E E 10TH ST NE CL A Y S T N W 4TH AVE SW 14 8 T H A V E E 7TH ST SE 13 7 T H A V E E 26 T H S T E 13 6 T H A V E E SE 310TH ST S 3RD AVE TH O R T O N A V E S W 2 0 0 T H A V E E 17TH S T E RIVE R D R BOUNDARY BLVD LEA HIL L R D S E 32ND ST E 11 8 T H A V E S E 58 T H A V E S AL G O N A B L V D N 10 4 T H A V E S E S 372ND ST J S T N E ROY RD SW 4TH ST NE PA C I F I C A V E S 11 0 T H A V E S E 14TH ST NE D R I V E W A Y SE 281ST ST 16 0 T H A V E S E 12 6 T H A V E E 5TH ST SE 72 N D A V E S 56 T H P L S 25TH ST E BR I D G E T A V E S E 57 T H A V E S S 328TH ST DO G W O O D S T S E 2ND AVE SW 8TH ST SE S 279TH ST L S T S E T S T S E F S T S E FR O N T A G E R D C O T T A G E R D E S 358TH ST FO S T E R A V E S E 52 N D A V E S SE 274TH ST 16 6 T H A V E E 1ST AVE N SE 299TH ST SE 316TH PL SE 284TH ST 49TH ST NE S 362ND ST I S T N W 54 T H A V E S A S T S W 57 T H P L S U S T N W 32ND ST NE 7 8 T H A V E S 3RD ST E D E E R I S L A N D D R E 13 5 T H A V E S E 47TH S T S E 2 0 4 T H A V E E 28TH ST NE 8 6 T H A V E S S 356TH ST J S T S E R S T N W 27TH ST E 15TH ST E 28TH ST E MI L I T A R Y R D S 13TH ST E K S T S E OL I V E A V E S E 10TH ST E 10 8 T H A V E E SE 323RD PL B S T S E WY M A N D R 26TH ST SE S 336TH ST ST P A U L B L V D S 340TH ST C S T S E B S T N E 32ND ST SE S 300TH ST 1ST AVE S 36TH ST SE ELM LN SE 301ST ST 2 0 8 T H A V E E SE 287TH ST V S T N W 2ND ST SE 23RD ST SE 4TH AVE S 3RD ST SE QU I N C Y A V E S E 21ST ST NE 1 5 6 T H A V E E 14 0 T H A V E E HE M L O C K S T S E 1 8 4 T H C T E 5 6 T H A V E S SE 298TH PL30TH ST NW 30TH ST SE S 318TH ST 24TH ST SE 2ND AVE S 14TH ST E H S T N E LU N D R D S W S 324TH ST PI K E S T N W 21ST ST E 31ST ST E 42ND ST NW 6TH AVE SW 11 9 T H A V E E SE 286TH ST 9TH ST SE 55T H P L S SE 276TH PL 65 T H A V E S SE 295TH PL G S T N E 27TH ST SE5TH AVE N SK I N N E R R D 12 8 T H A V E E S 354TH ST S 344TH ST SE 364TH ST SE 290TH ST 10TH ST SE D S T S W SE 280TH ST 2 1 1 T H A V E E NA T H A N A V E S E V S T S E 1 0 4 T H P L S E HI C R E S T D R B PL NW SE 294TH ST 72ND ST SE S 285TH ST 6TH ST NW 14 6 T H A V E S E SE 293RD ST 3RD ST NW 12 6 T H A V E S E I S A A C A V E S E S 312TH ST EL M S T S E CLAY ST S 370TH ST 20TH ST E 52 N D P L S 7TH ST E 19TH DR NE SE 307TH PL 51ST S T S E 10TH AVE N S 364TH ST 14 0 T H A V E S E 28TH ST SE 15TH ST SE 13 3 R D A V E S E 10 8 T H A V E S E 73RD ST SE SE 295TH ST 26TH ST NE S 366TH ST SE 297TH ST 2 1 0 T H A V E E 66TH ST SE 24TH ST NE SE 296TH ST SE 285TH ST S 368TH ST AL D E R L N S 11 7 T H A V E S E U S T S E 19TH ST SE 6TH ST SE 11 0 T H P L S E A ST E WA R D A V E S E 15 6 T H A V E S E 21ST ST SE R PL NE 11 7 T H A V E E 10 5 T H A V E S E 7TH ST 5TH ST NE 53 R D A V E S HE A T H E R A V E S E F S T N E 11 2 T H P L S E 51 S T P L S SE 292ND ST D PL SE S 320TH ST SE 272ND PL 8TH ST SW 6TH AVE N 22ND ST E 12 3 R D A V E E 63 R D P L S 2ND CT NW 1ST ST NE R S T N E 12 9 T H P L S E O C T S E S 342ND ST 26TH ST NW SE 321ST PL 11 4 T H P L S E 53 R D A V E S M S T N W 17TH ST E SE 292ND ST SR 18 SE 282ND ST SE 272ND ST SR 1 6 7 10 8 T H A V E S E 10 4 T H A V E S E D R I V E W A Y TBD TBD TB D 12 4 T H A V E S E 14 8 T H A V E S E SR 1 6 7 14 4 T H A V E S E 51ST S T S E SR 1 6 7 20 0 T H A V E E 2ND ST SE DRIVEWAY SE 284TH ST 55 T H A V E S TB D H S T N E C S T N W SE 301ST ST V S T S E SR 1 8SR 1 8 SE 288TH ST 9TH ST E 56 T H A V E S SR 1 6 7 14 2 N D A V E E 26TH ST NE SE 282ND ST 17TH ST SE TB D SR 1 6 7 51 S T A V E S TBD S 277TH ST SE 272ND ST T B D 16TH ST E TB D SE 274TH ST TB D 21ST ST E TBD 24TH ST E TBD 10 8 T H A V E E TB D M S T N E 8TH ST E SR 1 6 7 TB D R S T N W 8TH ST E 1ST AVE N 51 S T A V E S S 277TH ST 32ND ST E SR 1 6 7 TBD R S T N W D R I V E W A Y 32ND ST E 12TH ST E SR 1 6 7 D S T S E 8TH ST NE SE 296TH ST 13TH ST E DRIVEWAY SR 18 55T H P L S TBD OPC8 OPC4 OPC11 OPS1 OPC9 OPC1 OPC3 OPC6OPC7 OPC5OPC2 OPC10 OPS2 OPS3 OPS4 OPS5 OPS6 COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN 1 inch = 4,000 feet April 2015 P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 4 - 6 ( c r i t f a c ) . m x d 0 4,000 8,000 Feet Figure 4-6City and Storm DrainageCritical Facilities forthe City of Auburn LEGEND !(S1 Storm Critical Facility !(C1 City Critical Facility Roadway Watercourse Water Body Wetland Auburn City Boundary OPC1 OPC3 OPC5 OPC2 A S T S E C S T S W E MAIN ST C S T N W SR 18 4TH ST NE E S T N E 4TH ST SE I S T S E D S T S E AU B U R N W A Y S 2ND ST NE F S T S E H S T S E E S T S E G S T S E D S T N W A S T S W A S T N E 7TH ST SE W MAIN ST 8TH ST SE B S T N E 1ST ST NE 3RD ST NE A S T N W H S T N E D S T S W 3RD ST NW S D I V I S I O N S T 6TH ST SE PARK AVE NE 6TH ST NE 5TH ST SW SR 18 6TH ST SE 8TH ST SE D S T S E 7TH ST SE SR 18OPS1OPS2 SEE INSET INSET ¯ CITY CRITICAL FACILITIES C1 City Hall 25 W Main Street C2 City Hall Annex 1 E Main Street C3 Justice Center 340 E Main Street C4 Maintenance and Operations 1305 C Street SW C5 Regional Hospital 210 N Division Street C6 Senior Center 808 9th Street SE C7 VRFA Station 31 1101 D Street NE C8 VRFA Station 32 1951 R Street SE C9 VRFA Station 33 500 182nd Avenue E C10 VRFA Station 34 31290 124th Avenue SE C11 VRFA Station 35 2905 C Street SW STORM CRITICAL FACILITIES S1 A Street PS 404 A Street SE S2 Auburn Way S PS 405 Auburn Way S S3 Brannan Park PS 1302 30th Street NE S4 Emerald Park PS 499 42nd Street NE S5 West Main Street PS 1410 W Main Street S6 White River PS 4640 A Street SE S7 M Street PS 410 M Street SE !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( L a k eT a p p s B i g S o o s C r e e k Mill Creek R i v e r G r e e n R i ver M ill Creek CreekMill G r e e n R i v e r G r e e n River White G r e e n River Soosette Creek River Whit e Bow m an C re e k W h i t e River R i v e r WhiteLake M u l l e n S l o u g h Green R i v e r Lake Meridian White S R 1 6 7 SR 1 8 A S T S E C S T S W B S T N W I S T N E AU B U R N W A Y N A U B U R N W A Y S R S T S E 13 2 N D A V E S E WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y N W M S T S E 8TH ST E E MAIN ST 24TH ST E 12 4 T H A V E S E EA S T V A L L E Y H W Y S E 12 2 N D A V E E C S T N W JOVITA BLVD BU T T E A V E S 384TH ST 11 0 T H A V E E 15TH ST SW SE 288TH ST 2ND ST E C S T N E SE 312TH ST S 277TH ST W MAIN ST 15TH ST NW LAKE TAPPS PKWY SE 19 8 T H A V E E 53RD ST SE 9TH ST E 29TH ST SE GREEN VALLEY RD 1 7 9 T H A V E SE 320TH ST 11 4 T H A V E E 11 6 T H A V E S E EDWARDS RD E 41ST ST SE WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y S W STUCK R I V E R D R 16TH ST E K E R S E Y W A Y S E 14 7 T H A V E S E 4TH ST E 18TH ST E M S T N E 12TH ST E SE 304TH ST 1 9 0 T H A V E E 11 2 T H A V E E 3RD AVE SE ELLINGSON RD SW 37TH ST SE PE R I M E T E R R D PEASLEY CANYON RD S SE 272ND ST 4 6 T H P L S 8TH ST NE 18 2 N D A V E E 37TH ST NW AC A D E M Y D R S E SE LAKE HOLM RD 22ND ST NE L A K E L A N D H I L L S W A Y S E ORA V E T Z R D S E VA L E N T I N E A V E S E C U T O F F 51 S T A V E S SE 282ND ST 14 4 T H A V E S E 17TH ST SE S 296TH ST 25TH ST SE 12TH ST SE 55 T H A V E S 1 8 5 T H A V E E 21 4 T H A V E E D S T S E 1ST AVE SE TA C O M A B L V D D S T N W A S T N E 4TH ST SE CE L E R Y A V E 30TH ST NE 10 8 T H A V E EA S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) A U B U R N - E N U M C L A W R D 11 2 T H A V E S E SE 316TH ST 14 8 T H A V E S E T A C O M A P O I N T D R E 55TH ST SE EM E R A L D D O W N S D R N W D S T N E M S T N W O S T N E S E 3 6 8 T H P L W S T N W 1 6 9 T H A V E E S 287TH ST 3RD AVE S 5TH AVE SW E S T N E 14 2 N D A V E E S 316TH ST H A R V E Y R D H S T N W M A I N S T S 292ND ST WE S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 44TH ST NW 3RD AVE SW 11 8 T H A V E E 10TH ST NE CL A Y S T N W 4TH AVE SW 14 8 T H A V E E 7TH ST SE 13 7 T H A V E E 26 T H S T E 13 6 T H A V E E SE 310TH ST S 3RD AVE TH O R T O N A V E S W 2 0 0 T H A V E E RIVE R D R BOUNDARY BLVD 32ND ST E 11 8 T H A V E S E 58 T H A V E S AL G O N A B L V D N 10 4 T H A V E S E S 372ND ST J S T N E ROY RD SW 4TH ST NE PA C I F I C A V E S 11 0 T H A V E S E 14TH ST NE D R I V E W A Y SE 281ST ST 12 6 T H A V E E 5TH ST SE 72 N D A V E S 56 T H P L S 25TH ST E BR I D G E T A V E S E 67TH S T S E 57 T H A V E S S 328TH ST DO G W O O D S T S E 2ND AVE SW 8TH ST SE S 279TH ST L S T S E T S T S E F S T S E FR O N T A G E R D C O T T A G E R D E FO S T E R A V E S E 52 N D A V E S SE 274TH ST 1ST ST E 16 6 T H A V E E 1ST AVE N SE 299TH ST SE 316TH PL SE 284TH ST 49TH ST NE S 362ND ST NO R M A N A V E S E 54 T H A V E S A S T S W 57 T H P L S U S T N W 7 8 T H A V E S 3RD ST E D E E R I S L A N D D R E 13 5 T H A V E S E 2 0 4 T H A V E E 28TH ST NE 8 6 T H A V E S S 356TH ST J S T S E R S T N W 27TH ST E 15TH ST E 28TH ST E MI L I T A R Y R D S 13TH ST E K S T S E OL I V E A V E S E 10TH ST E 10 8 T H A V E E SE 323RD PL 54 T H P L S B S T S E 26TH ST SE S 336TH ST ST P A U L B L V D S 340TH ST C S T S E B S T N E 32ND S T S E S 300TH ST 1ST AVE S 36TH ST SE ELM LN 64TH ST S E SE 301ST ST 2 0 8 T H A V E E SE 287TH ST V S T N W 2ND ST SE 23RD ST SE 4TH AVE S 3RD ST SE QU I N C Y A V E S E 29TH ST NW 21ST ST NE 1 5 6 T H A V E E HE M L O C K S T S E 1 8 4 T H C T E 5 6 T H A V E S 31ST ST SE 10 6 T H A V E E SE 298TH PL30TH ST NW S 318TH ST 24TH ST SE 2ND AVE S 14TH ST E H S T N E LU N D R D S W S 324TH ST PI K E S T N W 21ST ST E 31ST ST E 42ND ST NW 6TH AVE SW 17TH S T E 11 9 T H A V E E SE 286TH ST 9TH ST SE 55 T H P L S SE 276TH PL SE 295TH PL G S T N E O S T S E 27TH ST SE5TH AVE N SK I N N E R R D 1 0 2 N D A V E S E 12 8 T H A V E E S 354TH ST S 344TH ST SE 364TH ST SE 290TH ST 10TH ST SE D S T S W SE 280TH ST 2 1 1 T H A V E E NA T H A N A V E S E V S T S E HI C R E S T D R B PL NW SE 294TH ST S 285TH ST 6TH ST NW 14 6 T H A V E S E SE 293RD ST V C T S E PE A R L A V E S E 3RD ST NW 16TH ST SE I S A A C A V E S E L S T N E EL M S T S E CLAY ST S 370TH ST 20TH ST E 52 N D P L S 7TH ST E 19TH DR NE SE 307TH PL 10TH AVE N SE 314TH ST S 364TH ST 14 0 T H A V E S E 72ND ST SE 15TH ST SE 13 3 R D A V E S E 10 8 T H A V E S E 73RD ST SE SE 295TH ST 26TH ST NE S 366TH ST SE 297TH ST 2 1 0 T H A V E E 66TH ST SE 24TH ST NE SE 296TH ST SE 285TH ST S 368TH ST AL D E R L N S 11 7 T H A V E S E U S T S E 19TH ST SE 6TH ST SE 11 0 T H P L S E A ST E 15 6 T H A V E S E 21ST ST SE R PL NE 11 7 T H A V E E 10 5 T H A V E S E 7TH ST 5TH ST NE 53 R D A V E S HE A T H E R A V E S E F S T N E 11 2 T H P L S E 51 S T P L S SE 292ND ST D PL SE S 320TH ST SE 272ND PL 8TH ST SW 6TH AVE N 22ND ST E 12 3 R D A V E E TH O R T O N P L S W 2ND CT NW 1ST ST NE 12 9 T H P L S E 6TH ST NE 3RD ST NE O C T S E S 342ND ST SE 315TH PL 26TH ST NW SE 321ST PL 11 4 T H P L S E SR 18 SR 1 6 7 17TH ST E 72 N D A V E S 9TH ST E SE 274TH ST SE 292ND ST SE 282ND ST SE 301ST ST M S T N E 24TH ST E 8TH ST E V S T S E 20 0 T H A V E E M S T S E 53 R D A V E S SR 1 6 7 SR 1 6 7 SR 1 8 32ND ST E 12TH ST E 10 8 T H A V E S E 2ND ST SE SR 18 16TH ST E 32ND ST E D S T S E SR 1 6 7 M S T N W H S T N E SE 272ND ST R S T N W SE 272ND ST 55T H P L S SE 282ND ST 51 S T A V E S SR 1 6 7 14 4 T H A V E S E 51 S T A V E S 26TH ST NE DRIVEWAY 8TH ST NE 13TH ST E S 277TH ST 23RD ST SE 55 T H A V E S DRIV E W A Y SR 1 6 7 12 4 T H A V E S E 8TH ST E 10 8 T H A V E E 56 T H A V E S 1ST AVE N R S T N W 21ST ST E SR 1 8 D R I V E W A Y SE 288TH ST SR 1 6 7 S 277TH ST 14 8 T H A V E S E SR 1 6 7 SE 304TH S T 17TH ST SE P1 P7 P8 P2 P6 P4B P4A P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P3 P5 COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN 1 inch = 4,000 feet April 2015 LEGEND !(Drainage Problem Vicinity !(Hillside Discharge Location Roadway Watercourse Water Body Wetland Auburn City Boundary P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 4 - 7 ( p r o b l e m l o c ) . m x d 0 4,000 8,000 Feet Figure 4-7Drainage Problem Locations forthe Storm Drainage Utility¯ ID Location P1 South of West Main Street east of the SR 167 overpass P2 Intersection of 37th Street NW and I Street NW P3 Hillsides throughout the city P4A East of I Street NE between 32nd Street NE and 35th Street NE P4B C Street NE between 30th Street NE and 37th Street NE P5 West Hills P6 Northern extent of airport property near 30th Street NE P7 Western end of 25th Street SE near D Street SE right-of-way P8 23rd and K Streets SE 5-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 5 Evaluation of the Storm Drainage Utility This chapter presents analyses conducted to evaluate the Storm Drainage Utility and identify gaps between existing service levels and the desired LOS described in Section 3.2.2. The following types of evaluations were completed to identify Storm Drainage Utility future activities to address the range of LOS goals: • Hydraulic: gather system data, update or develop computer models, assess hydraulic performance, and develop capital improvement projects with respect to LOS and associated system design criteria • Asset management: develop system requirements specification for integrating the City’s pipe criticality database, which is the basis of the City’s pipe repair and replacement asset management model, into the City’s Cartegraph CMMS • Environmental: determine differences between the 2013–18 permit and previous NPDES Permit, and evaluate how the differences could affect City regulations, facilities, and activities; conduct an NPDES program gap analysis; update the existing Compliance Work Plan; and estimate the time and costs for NPDES Permit compliance • Maintenance and operations: assess process performance, equipment, and personnel with respect to LOS for M&O These evaluations were conducted to develop capital improvements for the 6- and 20-year horizons, as well as identify future M&O needs. The following sections summarize the hydraulic, asset management, and environmental evaluations. The M&O evaluations are described in Chapter 6. Hydraulic Evaluation 5.1 As described in Chapter 4, the City of Auburn owns and operates a large system of stormwater drainage infrastructure to collect and convey stormwater runoff to nearby receiving waters. For the 2009 Plan, models were developed to assess the system on a per basin or problem area scale in MIKE URBAN4 software. Subsequent to the 2009 Drainage Plan, the City converted the existing hydraulic models to the PCSWMM5 software platform and updated the models with new survey data, and construction and record drawings. Additionally, some models were updated by calibrating to flow monitoring data collected in 2010 and 2011. 4 MIKE URBAN is a GIS-integrated, modular software program developed by the Danish Hydraulic Institute for modeling water distribution and collection systems. The stormwater module is internally powered by the SWMM5 engine, which is public domain software distributed by EPA. Information about MIKE URBAN software can be found at http://www.dhigroup.com/Software/Urban/MIKEURBAN.aspx. 5 PCSWMM is a GIS-based hydraulic and hydrologic modeling platform developed by Computational Hydraulics International (CHI). The software fully supports the EPA SWMM5 hydrology and hydraulics engine, thus providing comparable computation between EPA SWMM and PCSWMM models. Information about PCSWMM software can be found at http://www.chiwater.com/Software/PCSWMM/index.asp. Chapter 5 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 5-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Hydraulic modeling efforts for the 2015 Drainage Plan focused on updating those models covering locations of existing problems as described in Chapter 4. The model updates were based on recent GIS data, design drawings, and record drawings. Some model updates also included calibration to flow monitoring data collected in 2010 and 2011. For problem areas that had not been previously modeled, new PCSWMM models were developed or WWHM 6 was used to estimate flow for capital improvement project sizing. The following sections describe the steps used to update existing models or develop new models. 5.1.1 Updating Existing Models The hydraulic components of existing models were updated with recent GIS data. The following model data were verified against the GIS data: • pipe size • pipe invert elevations • pipe material (for estimating pipe roughness) • node rim elevation • system connectivity Where the GIS data did not accurately describe the existing system, technical reports, record drawings, or construction drawings were used to update the model. Where data were available, models were given more detail with respect to pump and storage facility information. For model hydrology, subcatchment delineations within problem areas were reviewed and revised based on recent GIS data, topographic data, and 2012 aerial photography. Total impervious area was estimated with the City’s impervious area coverage. Subcatchment slope was estimated as the average slope based on a digital elevation model. Where available, flow monitoring data were used to calibrate modeled flow by adjusting effective impervious area and soil conductivity parameters. 5.1.2 Creating New Models The following is a general description of steps followed to develop new PCSWMM models: 1. Infrastructure data from existing GIS databases were used to build drainage networks in problem areas. Drainage network models consist of catch basins, manholes, pipes, junctions, ditches, control structures, vaults, storage ponds, pump stations, and outfalls. GIS data were validated and augmented as necessary based on record drawings and City-conducted field investigations. 2. The drainage network was developed to a level of detail that is sufficient for analyzing conveyance on a subbasin-wide or problem-specific scale. In general, pipes 1 foot in diameter or greater were included; smaller-diameter pipes and pipes that were part of private systems were generally not included in the model unless they provided an important link within the system. 3. Subbasin areas were divided into smaller drainage area delineations called subcatchments, which in the model are linked into the drainage network at specific nodes. Hydrologic parameters such as area, slope, and percent impervious area are developed for each subcatchment. Subcatchment slope was estimated as the average slope based on a digital elevation model (DEM). Total impervious area was estimated with the City’s impervious area coverage. 6 WWHM is a western Washington-specific hydrology model developed for the Washington State Department of Ecology. The software is based on HSPF continuous-simulation hydrology methodologies and uses regional HSPF parameters and long-term recorded precipitation data. Information about WWHM software can be found at http://www.ecy.wa.gov/Programs/wq/stormwater/wwhmtraining/index.html. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 5 5-3 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx 4. Models were calibrated using either pump runtime data or flow monitoring data where available. 5. Long-term simulations were performed to determine the 2 percent and 4 percent exceedance storms (one in 50-year and one in 25-year flows, respectively). These storms were used as design storms to identify ways to alleviate existing drainage problems through capital improvements, which meet the LOS (see Chapter 7 for a description of proposed capital improvements). The following is a general description of steps followed to develop new WWHM models: 1. Subcatchments within subbasins were delineated with existing GIS information including 2012 aerial photography, roadway extents, contours, and drainage network (catch basins, manholes, pipes, ditches, infalls, and outfalls). 2. Existing GIS information was used to determine hydrologic parameters, per subcatchment, used by WWHM such as hydrologic soil type, slope, and impervious area. Since subbasins were relatively small, slope was estimated from City 2-foot contour data, instead of the coarser DEM. Total impervious area was estimated with the City’s impervious area coverage. 2012 Aerial photography was used to estimate vegetation. 3. WWHM model results provide annual peak flows, and determines the 2 percent and 4 percent exceedance storms (one in 50-year and one in 25-year flows, respectively). These flows were used as design storms to identify ways to alleviate existing drainage problems through capital improvements, which meet the LOS (see Chapter 7 for a description of proposed capital improvements). Appendix C provides a detailed description of the hydrologic and hydraulic (H&H) modeling methodologies. Asset Management Evaluation 5.2 All utilities manage their assets in one way or another through maintenance practices, capital improvement projects, and R&R activities. However, for most storm drainage utilities, the means of deciding where and how to direct limited resources has often been done in a reactive, ad hoc approach based on incomplete or incorrect information. In contrast, asset management is a systematic approach to maintaining assets in good working order to minimize future costs of maintaining and replacing them, especially to avoid costly deferred maintenance. The best practices for asset management involve systematically basing choices on an understanding of asset condition and performance, risks, and costs in the long term. Asset best practices include: • having knowledge about assets and costs (i.e., detailed inventories) • maintaining desired LOSs • taking a life-cycle approach to asset management planning • implementing the planned solutions to provide reliable, cost-effective service • establishing funding levels and rates to support ongoing infrastructure rehabilitation or replacement projects The first step to effectively managing storm drainage assets is to establish LOS goals for the City’s Storm Drainage Utility as described in Chapter 3 of this Drainage Plan. The second step is preparing a comprehensive inventory of the assets. The next steps include performing asset assessments and economic analyses to estimate life-cycle costs and the risk associated with each of the City’s storm drainage assets. Asset management evaluations completed for the 2009 Drainage Plan focused on pipes and pump stations. A pipe criticality database and an economic life model were developed. The pipe criticality database contained data (i.e. pipe diameter, age, length, material, depth of bury, condition) describing Chapter 5 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 5-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx the current conditions of the pipe network. The data in the database were the basis for the economic life model. The economic life model was used to evaluate the life-cycle costs and risk for the City’s drainage pipe assets. The model estimated a risk cost associated with each asset by multiplying a probability of failure in a given year by the cost (including capital, social, and environmental costs) of that asset failing. Then the risk cost associated with each asset was compared to the life-cycle cost of owning the asset to estimate the timing for repair or replacement. The results of the economic model are only as good as the input data describing the pipes. For the 2009 planning effort, the pipe inventory was incomplete and pipe data for many pipes were missing. Since then, the City has systematically been inventorying the system, and collecting necessary pipe data which are stored in GIS for future link to Cartegraph. A quarter of the system, however, is still missing pipe material and/or installation date data, which are needed for the economic life model (Figure 5-1). The City are in the process of collecting these data. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 5 5-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Figure 5-1. Drainage Pipe Summary Unknown 4% < 12 inches 21% 12–22 inches 65% 24–30 inches 7% 36–51 inches 3% >= 54 inches < 1% Unknown < 12 inches 12–22 inches 24–30 inches 36–51 inches >= 54 inches Pipe Diameter Unknown 27% ADS 2% CMP 7% Concrete 23% Ductile iron 6% HDPE 1% Other < 1% PVC 34% Unknown ADS CMP Concrete Ductile iron HDPE Other PVC Pipe Material Unknown 24% 1960s 4% 1970s 4% 1980s 15% 1990s 22% 2000s 25% 2010s 6% Unknown 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s Pipe Installation Date Chapter 5 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 5-6 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Evaluations completed for this Drainage Plan consisted of developing a system requirements specification for implementing the economic life model using the data in the City’s asset management system, Cartegraph (Brown and Caldwell, 2014). Once the pipe inventory is complete, and the economic life model is implemented, the model can be rerun and used to inform future R&R priorities. Currently, the economic life model includes only collection system piping, and there is an opportunity to expand the model to include the catch basins and manholes, as described in Chapter 8. Environmental Investigation 5.3 The federal Clean Water Act requires municipalities to help maintain fishable/swimmable waters through the NPDES Permit Program (see Section 2.3.2 and Appendix A), which requires municipalities to reduce the discharge of pollutants from their stormwater systems to the MEP by implementing municipal stormwater management programs. The City has an established municipal SWMP that complies with all Permit requirements currently in effect. Updates to the City’s codes, programs, and standards are being developed to comply with the requirements of the updated 2013 NPDES Permit. The City’s SWMP Plan identifies activities that will be implemented by the City to comply with NDPES Permit requirements. The SWMP Plan is updated annually to reflect new requirements that phase in during each year, including one-time and new ongoing activities. An updated SWMP Plan is submitted to Ecology in March of each year. The City’s current SWMP Plan is accessible on the City website. To plan for upcoming requirements of the new NPDES permit, the City formed a project team consisting of staff from the City Attorney’s office, the City Community Development and Public Works, and Brown and Caldwell. The project team reviewed Auburn’s City-wide stormwater management programs, codes, standards, processes, and documentation protocols in order to identify potential actions to comply with the NPDES Permit conditions over the 5-year Permit period. From these documents, the project team created a database cataloging responsible City departments/entities, reference documents, and potential requirements for each updated section of the Permit. Interviews were then conducted with appropriate staff (e.g., stormwater M&O staff) to discuss the potential implications of Permit changes for existing City codes, programs, and standards. The information on existing City practices and programs was then compared to the updated Permit requirements to identify potential compliance needs. Some policy issues and potential compliance strategies were also identified. The results of this analysis were used as the foundation for development of a 5-year Compliance Work Plan (see Appendix B). Recommended future activities from the Compliance Work plan are summarized in Chapter 8. 6-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 6 Maintenance and Operations An evaluation of existing Storm Drainage Utility M&O activities was conducted in support of this Drainage Plan. This chapter documents existing Storm Drainage Utility M&O activities with the primary purpose of establishing a baseline understanding of the proactive and responsive maintenance procedures performed by City Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff. This baseline understanding is used herein to evaluate utility staffing, data collection and computerized record-keeping needs, and other utility needs necessary to continue to meet LOS goals. The information provided in this chapter is a summary of information collected during City Storm Drainage Utility staff interviews, review of computerized records, and existing utility forms/checklists. Utility Responsibility and Authority 6.1 This section provides an overview of the Storm Drainage Utility organization and basic information related to utility staffing, training, and education. 6.1.1 Organizational Structure The City Storm Drainage Utility is operated as a utility enterprise under the direction of the Director of Community Development and Public Works. The Department of Community Development and Public Works is responsible for planning, design, construction, operation, maintenance, quality control, and management of the storm drainage system. The City has a mayor-council form of government; therefore, the Director of Community Development and Public Works reports to the Mayor, with input from Council through Council study sessions and meetings. The Mayor and the City Council provide oversight for the implementation of policies, planning, and management for the Storm Drainage Utility. Engineering Services (Engineering) within Community Development and Public Works is the lead group for comprehensive storm drainage system planning; development of a CIP; and the design, construction, and inspection of projects related to the storm drainage system. The Assistant Director of Engineering/City Engineer oversees Engineering and reports directly to the Community Development and Public Works Director. Maintenance and Operations Services is the group responsible for the day-to-day maintenance and operation of the storm drainage system. The Sewer/Storm Drainage Operations Manager reports to the Assistant Director of Public Works Operations, and oversees nine storm drainage employees including a field supervisor. The overall Community Development and Public Works Department organizational structure is shown in Figure 2-1. 6.1.2 Staffing Level The Storm Drainage Utility currently includes eight full-time M&O field staff, two seasonal staff, plus a field supervisor and an M&O manager, who perform administrative duties. This chapter does not include an evaluation of utility management, including regulatory compliance, planning, and coordination with other City departments. Position titles and the primary functions of the M&O staff working within the Storm Drainage Utility are shown in Table 6-1. Chapter 6 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 6-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 6-1. Storm Drainage Utility M&O Personnel Position Primary function(s) Sewer/Storm Manager Management of sewer and storm M&O staff Storm field supervisor Supervision of field staff Maintenance worker II Six full-time staff dedicated to field inspection and maintenance Maintenance worker I Two full-time staff dedicated to field inspection and maintenance Seasonal employee Two seasonal staff, for four months of the year, for field inspection and maintenance In addition to the M&O field staff identified in Table 6-1, full-time and seasonal staff support the following Storm Drainage functions: • Management and administration: A full-time manager performs administrative duties for both the Sewer and Storm Divisions. Management and administrative tasks include general oversight of the Sewer and Storm Drainage utilities M&O staff, regulatory compliance, planning, and coordination with other City departments. Field work is supervised by a full-time field supervisor. • Vegetative maintenance: Six full-time and nine seasonal Street/Vegetation Division staff support the Storm Drainage Utility M&O field staff with vegetative control, catch basin leaf removal, grounds maintenance, and landscaping duties. • Contracted services: The Storm Drainage Utility contracts with other City departments or external contractors for some services, as discussed in Section 6.3. Vegetative maintenance staff and other contracted services are financed by the Storm Drainage Utility. M&O activities are discussed in Sections 6.2 and 6.3, respectively. The staffing plan presented in Section 6.6 considers only M&O activities provided by the Storm Drainage Utility. 6.1.3 Level of Service The Storm Drainage Utility operates in accordance with the LOS criteria outlined in Chapter 3, and internally adopted goals integral to meeting those levels. These goals are generally based on the current staffing level and tasks deemed most critical to the City and its residents. However, the existing staffing requirements discussed in Section 6.6 herein include near-term goals, which may not be met by existing staff. 6.1.4 Training and Education The City recognizes the value of having a knowledgeable and well-trained staff operating the storm drainage system, and encourages employees to obtain the highest level of training available. At this time, the State of Washington does not require certification for stormwater maintenance operators but the City would support any effort to establish certification for these positions. Seminars, conferences, and college coursework have become tools to advance knowledge for maintenance staff. Many M&O staff are specialized in specific job functions, which can promote expertise through specialization but also has the potential to limit the ability of the utility to absorb absences due to vacation, sickness, retirement, resignation, and termination. To mitigate this limitation, the City has broadened the scope of the Storm Drainage Utility’s education system by initiating a cross-training program. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 6 6-3 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Routine Operations Provided by the Storm Drainage Utility 6.2 This section discusses routine operations provided by the Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff shown in Table 6-1. Each sub-section provides a brief description of the M&O activity, City goals with respect to proactive maintenance, and the estimated Storm Drainage Utility staff effort to achieve the proactive maintenance goal. 6.2.1 Catch Basin and Manhole Inspection, Cleaning, and Repair The storm drainage system includes approximately 8,880 catch basins and 2,330 manholes. Catch basin and manhole maintenance includes initial inspection and potential follow-up cleaning and/or repair. Inspection is performed by one person using utility mapping to locate the targeted facilities. M&O staff use an inspection checklist to identify which facilities require further cleaning or repair. The checklist includes items such as observation of trash, debris, sediment, or vegetation blocking or within the catch basin/manhole; structural damage; evidence of contamination or pollution; and the integrity of catch basin grates, manhole covers, and ladders. Follow-up cleaning and maintenance work orders are generated based upon the results of initial inspection and typically include a two-person crew. Based upon recent maintenance history, it is assumed that approximately one in five catch basin/manhole inspections leads to further cleaning. The City assumes that a total of 50 catch basins and manholes per year require some level of maintenance/repair. Catch basin inspection is required as part of the City’s NPDES Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit, recently updated in August 2013. Beginning in 2015, the City is required to inspect and maintain all catch basin facilities every 2 years. To achieve this permit requirement, the City goal is to inspect 60 catch basins per day. Manhole inspection frequency is not mandated by the permit, but the City’s goal is to complete inspection of all City manholes on a 4-year rotating schedule. In the future, the City intends to demonstrate (through maintenance records) that catch basins do not require inspection every 2 years. The City will use Cartegraph software (see Section 6.5) to record and track results of catch basin inspection, cleaning, and maintenance efforts. 6.2.2 Stormwater Pipeline Cleaning and CCTV The storm drainage system includes approximately 210 miles of collection system piping. Cleaning and inspection of the storm drainage system is performed using City-owned vactor/jet truck and closed- circuit television (CCTV) equipment. Cleaning and CCTV inspection are typically performed in tandem from structure to structure (i.e., catch basin or manhole) by a two-person crew for each task. Jetting of stormwater pipelines and subsequent vactor truck suction is the principal means of removing debris or obstructions from the storm drainage system. A hose with a special end fitting is inserted into a pipe and high-pressure water (up to 2,500 pounds per square inch) is sent through the hose. The high- pressure water exits the small hole at the tip of the nozzle, breaking down and/or scouring obstructions. Debris is then removed via suction by the vactor truck equipment at each manhole. Following cleaning, CCTV inspection is performed to identify structural defects and potential pipeline leaks. “Lamping” inspections, where the camera is inserted into the manhole or catch basin but not advanced through the pipe system, are typically performed as a first step of the CCTV process. Although the visual range is limited, lamping can identify structures and piping in very good condition. In these cases, no additional CCTV inspection is completed. Lamping is generally limited to areas of newer pipe or low-priority facilities. Routine CCTV inspection of the storm drainage system is an essential component of the M&O program as it can identify trouble spots before larger failures occur and can provide the City with accurate information about the condition of the storm drainage system. Since the end of 2007, inspection reports Chapter 6 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 6-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx and digital video captured by the CCTV crews have been stored within the City’s computer network (flexidata software). While the ability to edit information in flexidata is limited to licensed machines, the flexidata reader is available for all City staff. Currently, the City does not have the ability to transfer the data stored in flexidata, specifically a summary of pipe condition, to the more comprehensive data stored within Cartegraph, the utility CMMS software. A primary goal of the utility in the near future is to use the results of CCTV inspection to populate pipe conditions fields within Cartegraph in order to provide a more accurate planning tool based upon the known condition of storm drainage system assets. The City’s goal is to clean and inspect all stormwater collection pipes within the system on a 10-year cycle. On average, a two-person crew can clean approximately 1,500 feet of pipe per day and inspect approximately 500 feet of pipe per day. 6.2.3 Stormwater Outfall Inspection, Cleaning, and Maintenance The storm drainage system includes 65 outfalls, or discharges from localized collection systems to rivers or streams. Outfall maintenance includes initial inspection and potential follow-up corrective actions. Outfall inspections are performed to identify excessive vegetative growth that could obstruct flow, outfall erosion protection, structural damage to the pipe itself, and abnormal discharge from the pipe that might be indicative of contamination (i.e., color/sheen or odor). Follow-up cleaning and maintenance work orders are generated based upon the results of initial inspection. The City goal is to inspect each outfall seasonally (four times per year) and to perform maintenance at least annually, or at a greater frequency depending upon inspection results. On average, inspection and maintenance activities require 0.75 hour and 1.0 hour, respectively, for a two-person crew. 6.2.4 Drainage Ditch Maintenance and Restoration The storm drainage system includes approximately 40 miles of drainage ditches. Drainage ditch maintenance is required to preserve the original line and grade, hydraulic capacity, and purpose of the ditch. Routine maintenance activities include re-grading and removal of sediment; nuisance vegetation; and isolated obstructions such as trash, trees, and accumulated debris. Because vegetation is important for erosion control, the City strives to minimize the removal of beneficial vegetation. Drainage ditch maintenance efforts are time-consuming for the Storm Drainage Utility. Up to six M&O staff are required for a single ditch maintenance crew to operate the City-owned excavator, control traffic (as necessary), and manually re-grade or remove obstructions. The City assigns a six-person ditch maintenance crew approximately 15 days per year (3 days per week for 1, out of 4, month in the summer). On average, these crews can complete 200 feet of ditch maintenance per day. The City’s goal is to maintain all ditches within the system on a 20-year cycle. 6.2.5 Stormwater Pond and Swale Inspection, Maintenance, and Restoration Inspection of the approximately 150 City stormwater ponds and 75 swales is performed by a two-person crew using an inspection checklist to identify conditions that require correction. The checklist includes items such as observation of trash, debris, sediment, and animal or insect infestation that could impact pond function or future maintenance; structural damage or erosion; evidence of contamination or pollution; and the integrity/function of emergency overflow spillways. On average, inspection activities require 1.0 hour for a two-person crew per location. Follow-up maintenance and restoration is scheduled during the summer months. The City assigns a six-person stormwater pond/swale crew approximately 45 days per year (3 days per week for 3, out of 4, months in the summer). The City goal is to inspect each pond/swale twice per year. Maintenance and restoration are performed as necessary. After major storms (greater than 10-year events), it is recommended that some stormwater ponds be inspected briefly to verify proper function and identify damage, if any. It is Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 6 6-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx recommended that the City develop a list of ponds that should be inspected following these major storms. Some larger City ponds have been maintained by King County staff, as discussed in Section 6.3. 6.2.6 Culvert Inspection and Cleaning Culvert maintenance includes inspection and cleaning of the approximately 800 culverts within the storm drainage system. Culverts are typically inspected by a two-person crew, with corrective actions and cleaning performed during the inspection when possible. On average, inspection and cleaning activities require 0.75 hour for a two-person crew. Culvert inspection focuses on the assessment of free flow within the culvert and identifying any structural defects. Any debris that cannot be removed during the initial inspection or any noted structural concerns result in a work order for corrective action. The City goal is to inspect (and clean as necessary) each culvert twice per year. 6.2.7 General Facility Maintenance and Other Field Tasks Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff perform a number of duties that do not readily fall into the categories previously listed, and often support other City departments. Examples of these additional storm drainage tasks include: • General facility maintenance: Maintenance may include detention vault cleaning and sediment removal, weir cleaning, filter inspection and cleaning, and maintenance of oil/water separators. • Engineering support: Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff often provide facility inspection services for Engineering projects and support Engineering through visual observation in the field. M&O staff also make small repairs such as replacing catch basins or failed culverts, or minor drainage pipe replacement. See Section 6.7 for recommendations related to documenting M&O repair projects. It is difficult to quantify in terms of full-time equivalent (FTE) the general inspection and field tasks performed by Storm Drainage Utility staff. Many of the activities occur outside of a regular maintenance schedule. FTE assumptions are summarized in Section 6.6. Routine Operations Provided to the Storm Drainage Utility 6.3 This section discusses routine operations performed by City Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff or by other contracted services. Each sub-section provides a brief description of the M&O activity. FTE efforts for these activities are funded by the Storm Drainage Utility, but are not included in existing staffing requirements discussed in Section 6.6. 6.3.1 Vegetative Maintenance Vegetative maintenance is performed by Street/Vegetation Division full-time and seasonal staff that support City Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff. Vegetative maintenance includes mowing, herbicide application, seeding and re-planting, and removal of nuisance vegetation or vegetation that impairs the function of storm drainage facilities. In the fall, vegetative maintenance also includes removal of leaves that can accumulate and block flow to catch basins. Full-time Storm Drainage Utility staff may also perform limited vegetative maintenance as part of the routine operations discussed in Section 6.2. 6.3.2 Stormwater Pump Station Maintenance Maintenance of the seven pump stations within the City storm drainage system is performed by Sewer Utility staff since they have pump specialists whom perform all pump station maintenance. Sewer Utility staff perform scheduled weekly and monthly maintenance inspections as described in the City of Auburn Sewer Comprehensive Plan Update and summarized below: Chapter 6 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 6-6 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Weekly pump station maintenance activities include the following tasks: • Perform a general visual inspection of grounds and pump station structure or vault • Check equipment for abnormal vibrations • Check lubrication of all pumping equipment • Check and clean, as needed, seal filters • Check ultrasonic level sensor • Check pump run times • Bleed lines of moisture • Inspect control valves • Check wet well for debris • Manually run pump and observe wet well level Monthly pump station maintenance activities include the following tasks: • Inspect and test engine-generators • Inspect pump station mechanical bypass pumping • Flush sump pit and manually run sump pump • Clean pump station interior and, at a minimum, wipe down control panels and pumps, and wash down/disinfect floor • Inspect fall restraint system • Spot-check control system and telemetry alarms 6.3.3 Stormwater Pond Maintenance by King County The City has contracted with King County to provide stormwater pond maintenance of two to five larger stormwater ponds per year because the County can more efficiently provide this service using County- owned equipment and property for disposal of sediment materials. The City seeks to phase out the use of County resources by adding personnel and procuring additional equipment. Maintenance activities and frequency of maintenance as discussed in Section 6.2.5 applies to those facilities maintained by King County. 6.3.4 Stormfilter Maintenance Stormfilters are designed to remove sediment, metals, and other stormwater pollutants from wet weather runoff via filter cartridges. The City currently has eleven stormfilter cartridge facility locations. The stormfilter vaults are inspected by city staff quarterly to identify conditions that require additional, unscheduled maintenance. Such conditions could include excess sediment accumulation, damaged piping, or vault and access cover damage. The stormfilters and vaults are maintained (cartridges replaced) annually by a private contractor. Non-Routine and Emergency Operations 6.4 The intent of the routine inspection and maintenance activities discussed in Sections 6.2 and 6.3 is to minimize, through proactive management of the stormwater facilities, the potential for conditions that could lead to emergencies. This section discusses unscheduled activities performed by Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff, and describes a response plan for emergency conditions. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 6 6-7 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx 6.4.1 Customer Service Requests Customer service requests, typically related to a local drainage complaint, trigger creation of a work order to inspect the affected area or stormwater facility and identify potential solutions. In some cases, relatively simple solutions, such as removal of blockages, can alleviate the issue. However, other cases require coordination with Engineering or other City departments. On average, City Storm Drainage Utility staff respond to approximately two customer service/complaint-related work orders per week. The effort required to resolve these complaints varies considerably. Good record-keeping can help in complaint resolution by ensuring that all relevant data are gathered and by serving as a reminder to resolve the complaint and notify the complainant. When a complaint is received, the following information should be recorded to the extent possible: • Name and contact information of the person making the complaint • Brief description of the nature of the complaint • Time and date the complaint was received • Storm drainage staff assigned to respond Following initial response, the complaint record should be updated to include the results of inspections and corrective actions taken, if any. If the complaint cannot be resolved internally within the Storm Drainage Utility, the complaint record should be forwarded to Engineering for further investigation. Notification of any system investigation and/or action should be provided to the customer making the complaint. 6.4.2 Emergency Response Program The Storm Drainage Utility, in conjunction with the other utilities divisions, has prepared a Public Works Emergency Response Manual as a guide on how to handle emergency situations. While the manual is by no means all-inclusive for every type of disaster, it is a valuable tool for dealing with many of the emergency situations that municipalities face. Copies of the Emergency Response Manual are available at the M&O Building, at City Hall Annex with the City Engineer, and with the Valley Regional Fire Authority (VRFA) Station. The Emergency Response Manual is one element of the City’s overall Emergency Operations Plan. The primary objectives of the Emergency Operations Plan are to ensure public safety, restore essential services as quickly as possible, and provide assistance to other areas as required. There is also a master response program for the entire City as documented in the City’s Emergency Management Plan (CEMP). The material in the CEMP provides guidance for mitigation, preparedness, responsibilities, recovery operations, training, and community education activities. Copies of the Emergency Operations Plan are located in each City department, the M&O Building, and with the VRFA. The utility has implemented a standby program whereby one on-call employee is designated to be the first to receive after-hours emergency calls. Most storm drainage system problems that occur outside of normal working hours are reported through the City’s 911 emergency response system or a non- emergency response number. An emergency call-out list is provided to the emergency operator in order to contact utility staff in case of an emergency. The primary responder to those after-hours calls is the on-call employee. Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff have been trained to respond to system emergencies. The contacted staff assesses the situation, contacts additional staff as necessary, and then responds in accordance with established emergency response procedures. Chapter 6 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 6-8 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Data Collection and Record-Keeping 6.5 Data collection and record-keeping functions for the Storm Drainage Utility are performed using Cartegraph, a Web-based commercial software package provided by Cartegraph Inc. Cartegraph integrates GIS data with utility M&O records, providing managers with overview information about system and operational performance and field crews with information related to the condition and failure history of specific stormwater facilities. The City currently uses Cartegraph to plan field staff activities (work orders), record results of both routine and non-routine maintenance, and compare actual maintenance efforts to City goals. The City recently upgraded its Cartegraph system and plans to transition toward the use of Cartegraph as an asset management tool, through which the City would optimize staffing and capital resource planning. In recent years, the City has made considerable progress in adding asset information to Cartegraph, specifically GIS data, physical information related to size and material, and installation date. However, to fully utilize the asset management function of Cartegraph, additional information related to risk, asset criticality, and condition is also necessary. To assist the City’s transition to an asset management program, the attributes listed below should be used within Cartegraph to define each of the City stormwater assets (catch basin, pipe segment, stormwater pond, etc.). Asset-Specific Attributes. The following asset-specific attributes are related to the asset and remain relatively unchanged over time: • Asset ID: The unique asset number that is used by all business systems to identify an asset. • Location: Where the asset is located (GIS). • In-service date: The date the asset was placed into service. • Replacement cost: The cost to replace the asset and the year that the cost data were calculated. • Useful life: The average life expectancy of the asset. • Asset criticality: A value assigned to each asset that indicates how essential it is to maintaining a defined LOS. Typically it is defined as a combined score based on the consequence of failure and the likelihood of failure. − Consequence of failure: The social and economic cost if the asset fails − Likelihood of failure (condition): The estimated time until the asset fails, usually based on condition • Asset class: A group of assets that share the same characteristics (e.g., ponds, pipe segments). Asset class is used to estimate replacement costs and useful life of groups of assets. • Nameplate information and asset specifications: Important information that is used to uniquely describe an asset such as the manufacturer name, type of asset, serial number, size, material, etc. This information is used for asset identification, replacement, and repair. Maintenance and Operation Attributes. The following M&O attributes are captured as part of the operations, maintenance, and repair history associated with each asset: • Asset ID: The unique asset number that is used by all business systems to identify an asset. Work orders should be associated with one or more assets. • Issue, cause, action: These codes are used to classify historical M&O activities associated with corrective actions or unplanned maintenance. − Issue: What is the problem observed in the field? − Cause: What is the underlying cause of the problem? − Action: What was done to address the cause? Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 6 6-9 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • Target hours and actual hours: Recording the estimated hours and actual hours to complete a work order can help in determining efficiency, planning workloads, and assessing repair costs. • Target start/stop date and actual dates: Recording the estimated and actual start and stop dates for a work order can help in determining efficiency, planning workloads, and assessing repair costs. • Work order costs: Work order costs include labor, parts, materials, and equipment, and should be accurately recorded for each work order. • Work order type: Work order types are used to group and compare different types of work activities. Typical work order types include: − Capital improvement: Work associated with a capital improvement project − Corrective maintenance: Work associated with an unplanned repair − Preventive maintenance: Work associated with a planned preventive maintenance activity − Predictive maintenance: Work associated with predictive measures (usually for critical assets) • Warranty information: Helps to determine assets that are under warranty and the warranty maintenance requirements. M&O Staffing Requirements 6.6 This section outlines existing and future staffing requirements for M&O staff. 6.6.1 Existing Staffing Requirements Existing staffing requirements for M&O activities discussed in this chapter were compiled and evaluated to determine the M&O staffing level needed to efficiently operate, maintain, repair, and collect and report the information necessary to properly operate the storm drainage system. Table 6-2 evaluates the estimated time to conduct storm drainage system M&O tasks in the manner currently performed. Calculated days for each M&O activity are for a single person performed over an 8-hour “day.” Therefore, an activity that is performed quarterly and that requires 4 hours and two M&O staff to complete would result in an annual requirement of 4 days. Table 6-2. Existing Storm Drainage System Maintenance and Staffing Requirements Work activity FTE days required annually Assumptions/City goal Catch basin and manhole inspection, cleaning, and repair Catch basin inspection 74 Inspect once every 2 years, total of 8,880 catch basins. Perform 60 inspections per day with one-person crew. Manhole inspection 15 Inspect once every 4 years, total of 2,330 manholes. Perform 40 inspections per day with one-person crew. Catch basin cleaning 222 One cleaning is required for every five inspections. Two-person crew, 1 hour each. Manhole cleaning 29 One cleaning is required for every five inspections. Two-person crew, 1 hour each. Catch basin/manhole repair 25 50 repairs per year. Two-person crew, 2 hours each. Stormwater pipeline cleaning and CCTV Pipeline cleaning 147 City goal is 110,000 ft per year (entire system in 10 years). Two-person crew can clean 1,500 ft of pipe per day. CCTV 220 City goal is 55,000 ft per year (entire system in 20 years). Two-person crew can CCTV 500 ft of pipe per day. Chapter 6 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 6-10 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 6-2. Existing Storm Drainage System Maintenance and Staffing Requirements Work activity FTE days required annually Assumptions/City goal Stormwater outfall inspection, cleaning, and maintenance Inspection 49 City goal is four times per year (65 total outfalls). Two-person crew, 0.5 hour each. Maintenance 16 City goal is one time per year (65 total outfalls). Two-person crew, 1 hour each. Drainage ditch, stormwater pond, and swale inspection, maintenance, and restoration Drainage ditch maintenance and restoration 90 Six-person crew for 15 days (approximately 3 days per week for a month in the summer). Stormwater pond and swale inspection 113 City goal is twice per year for each of 225 ponds/swales. Two-person crew, 1 hour each. Stormwater pond and swale maintenance and restoration 270 Six-person crew for 45 days (approximately 3 days per week for 3 months in the summer). Culvert inspection and cleaning Culvert inspection and cleaning 300 City goal of twice per year for each of 800 culverts. Two-person crew, 0.5 hour each. Other stormwater M&O activities General facility maintenance and other field tasks 26 One day per week. Two-person crew, 2 hours each. Customer service requests/complaints 26 Two requests per week.a Two-person crew, 1 hour each. Data entry 130 20 hours per week total (8 people at 0.5 hour per day). Subtotal 1,751 Total 1,926 Assumes 10% unquantified work Total number of working days available per FTE 221 365 minus weekends (104), holidays (12), vacation (15), sick (12), and training (1). Number of FTEs required 8.7 1,926 days required divided by 221 days per FTE year. Current funded FTEs 8.7 8 FTE and 2 seasonal staff Note: FTE days are defined as 8 hours. a. Many customer service requests are related to maintenance needs for privately owned drainage systems. Table 6-2 shows that the Storm Drainage Utility, including two seasonal staff, is appropriately staffed with respect to meeting current City proactive goals for M&O activities, with the exception of drainage ditch maintenance and restoration. Based upon discussions with City staff, they are unable to meet the goal of performing ditch maintenance of all ditches within the system on a 20-year cycle with the available M&O staff. In addition, the City would like to maintain all their stormwater ponds and no longer rely on King County’s assistance with the larger ponds. Additional staffing needs required to more consistently meet the current LOS goals, additional pond maintenance responsibilities, future regulatory requirements, and anticipated system growth are discussed in Section 6.6.2. 6.6.2 Future Staffing Requirements and Equipment Needs The M&O activities discussed in Section 6.2 and summarized in Table 6-2 are current efforts and do not include additional activities that will be required as part of the revised NPDES Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit. Furthermore, additional staffing is required to more consistently meet LOS goals with respect to stormwater pond and drainage ditch maintenance. Future staffing requirements are summarized in the sections below and Table 6-3. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 6 6-11 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx 6.6.2.1 Drainage Ditch and Stormwater Pond Maintenance and Restoration The City intends to increase overall Storm Drainage Utility staffing in order to dedicate more staff to drainage ditch maintenance and restoration during the summer months (see Table 6-3). In order to meet the City’s goal to maintain all ditches within the system on a 20-year cycle, existing ditch maintenance frequency will be increased by approximately 36 days (with a six-person crew), or 1 FTE per year. As identified in Section 6.3.3, the City desires to phase out current King County maintenance of City storm ponds. It is estimated that existing pond maintenance frequency will be increased by approximately 55 days (with a six-person crew), or 1.5 FTE per year, to replace current King County maintenance activities. A new excavator will also be necessary and is estimated to cost $180,000. 6.6.2.2 Other Stormwater M&O Activities The City intends to hire one full-time staff member for Cartegraph maintenance tracking and reporting functions. This staff member would support the City Storm Drainage, Sewer, and Water utilities and would be a liaison with the City Information Services (IS) division. Many of the new requirements of the NPDES Permit emphasize implementation of LID practices, such as minimizing impervious surfaces, native vegetation loss, and stormwater runoff. A majority of new development and redevelopment projects will be required to construct new types of onsite LID facilities, which will need to be inspected and maintained to ensure proper function moving forward. An estimate of FTE effort for LID facility inspection and maintenance based upon review of the new NPDES Permit requirements was prepared separately from the Storm Drainage Utility planning process. Through that effort it was estimated that 0.5 FTE of Storm Drainage Utility M&O staff will be required for LID inspection and maintenance activities. Additional inspectors from Engineering would also be dedicated to LID facilities and other requirements of the NPDES Permit. Table 6-3. Future Storm Drainage System Maintenance and Staffing Requirements Work activity FTE days required annually Assumptions/City goal Drainage ditch and stormwater pond maintenance and restoration Drainage ditch maintenance and restoration 216 Six-person crew for 36 days during the summer months. Stormwater pond restoration 330 Six-person crew for 55 days during the summer months. Other stormwater M&O activities Cartegraph tracking and reporting 74 Approximately 0.33 FTE (1 FTE shared with sewer and water utilities). LID inspection and maintenance 104 One day per week. Two-person crew. Total 724 Total number of working days available per FTE 221 365 minus weekends (104), holidays (12), vacation (15), sick (12), and training (1). Number of FTEs required 3.3 724 days required divided by 221 days per FTE year. 6.6.2.2 Equipment Needs New and updated Storm Drainage Utility equipment needs identified via consultation with City staff include CCTV inspection equipment and an excavator for ditch and stormwater pond maintenance. New equipment would increase M&O field staff efficiency and may reduce the need for additional staff. Estimated costs, based on recent vendor quotes, for the equipment are summarized below. Chapter 6 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 6-12 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • CCTV inspection equipment: $250,000 • Excavator: $180,000 Potential Improvement Opportunities and Capital Needs 6.7 The Storm Drainage Utility has a positive track record for M&O, as evidenced by the limited need for non- routine maintenance and few customer service complaints about the city’s drainage system. Routine facility cleaning, regular inspections, experienced staff, and a well-planned storm drainage system contribute to that success. However, the need to comply with the new NPDES Permit and the growing backlog for drainage ditch and stormwater pond/swale maintenance should be addressed by the City by adding to the current M&O staff. An additional 3.3 FTE (Table 6-3) are required to achieve current City proactive M&O goals plus future NPDES permit LID requirements. Based upon discussions with City staff and analysis of M&O activities discussed in this chapter, the following improvement opportunities are available to the Storm Drainage Utility. These opportunities are based on improving existing services, regulatory compliance, and improving work productivity: • Obtain or upgrade the following utility equipment to improve M&O efficiency: − CCTV inspection equipment − Excavator for ditch and stormwater pond maintenance • Continue to integrate asset management with existing utility management software (Cartegraph and GIS). − Continue to add GIS attributes to known Storm Drainage Utility assets. − Perform and document condition assessments. Use defined criteria (such as leaks/cracks observed, cleanliness, and other specific measures) and provide staff training to ensure assessment consistency. Use National Association of Sewer Service Companies (NASSCO) Pipeline Assessment and Certification Program (PACP) certified inspection programs to allow integration of inspection results with Cartegraph. − Over time, use results of condition assessments to move toward risk-based maintenance to best utilize staff resources. For example, consistently high assessment scores would result in a lower risk or need for maintenance, allowing M&O staff to be diverted to more essential activities. − Over time, demonstrate (through maintenance records) that a subset of city catch basins do not require inspection, cleaning, and maintenance every 2 years per the new NPDES Permit. • All M&O repair projects (see Section 6.2.7) should be constructed to established City engineering standards. It is recommended that the City develop a more formal procedure for tracking M&O repair projects to ensure that as-built and GIS records are updated when repairs are completed. 7-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 7 Capital Improvements This chapter describes recommended capital improvement projects for the City of Auburn Storm Drainage Utility. Capital improvement projects described in this chapter are compiled into a 6-year CIP that addresses the most crucial drainage problems and a 20-year CIP that addresses longer-term capital planning goals (see Chapter 8). This comprehensive plan contains time frames that are the intended framework for future funding decisions and within which future actions and decisions are intended to occur. However, these time frames are estimates, and depending on factors involved in the processing of applications and project work, and availability of funding, the timing may change. The framework does not represent actual commitments by the City of Auburn, which may depend on available funding resources. In general, capital improvement projects are modifications to stormwater drainage infrastructure designed to improve the condition and function of the drainage system so that it can meet the LOS goals established for the City’s Storm Drainage Utility (see Chapter 3). Example goals include limiting flooding across roadway segments to an average of once per 25 years and limiting the number of pipes that have exceeded their economic lives (prior to repair or replacement). All projects were developed and sized to be consistent with these LOS goals. The capital improvement projects presented in this chapter were identified and developed through focused investigations and by working collaboratively with City staff. This focused and collaborative approach was based on the practical consideration that the City can implement only two to four capital improvement projects per year given existing revenue streams and staff availability. The intent is to produce an economical CIP that addresses the most salient issues in the near term, while still planning for the long-term ability of the Storm Drainage Utility to meet LOS goals. The following basic steps are used to develop capital improvement projects: • The project team worked closely with City staff to identify and characterize existing problems based on direct staff observations from recent storm events. Such observations are a valuable supplement to modeling analyses and, in this case, were used in conjunction with modeling activities to assist with model development. • Modeling was completed for the historical event that most closely produced a once per 25 year flow rate (the specific event varied by basin). Results from historical events were used to assess the extent and severity of the drainage problem. Results from the design event were used to size infrastructure improvements to mitigate drainage problems. • Hydraulic modeling was completed using PCSWMM, a software package that uses GIS technology to import and export data, allowing a seamless transition between the system inventories and modeling input files. For smaller basins for which a PCSWMM model did not exist or was not created, Manning’s n equations were used to determine pipe sizing. • Recommendations were developed for flow and water level monitoring in the vicinity for some of the proposed projects or other locations where future modeling may be warranted. • Members of the City’s staff have a thorough understanding of the storm drainage system and firsthand experience with existing drainage problems. The project team worked with City staff to identify the most viable mitigation alternative. • Once the projects were defined, the project team developed concept-level cost estimates. Chapter 7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 7-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx An overview of project locations is shown in Figure 7-1. Section 7.1 describes a tiered method for establishing project priorities. Section 7.2 presents detailed descriptions of new proposed projects. Section 7.3 describes programmatic drainage projects. Section 7.4 examines the need for repair and replacement of existing pipes. Project Prioritization 7.1 Storm Drainage Utility staff prioritized capital improvement projects by grouping them into one of three tiers. Projects in the top tier, or highest priority, are classified as tier 1; projects with medium priority are classified as tier 2; and projects with lowest priority relative to the other projects are considered tier 3. Prioritization was based on a qualitative evaluation of the following issues: • The magnitude of the LOS gap that would be addressed by a CIP project. For example, a project that rectifies an annual flooding problem would rank higher than a project in a different area that eliminates less frequent flooding. • The reduction in risk and reduction in consequences associated with a CIP project. For example, the consequence of flooding that occurs near critical facilities (e.g., hospital or fire station) or along major arterial streets may be larger than flooding along residential streets. A CIP project that addresses a larger consequence would rank higher. • The opportunity for coordination with ongoing City of Auburn street improvements, or other utility or transportation projects. Coordinated projects that reduce the overall cost of a CIP project would rank higher. • The capital funding capacity of the Storm Drainage Utility. The overall list of project priorities attempts to balance the need for action with the funding and implementation capacity of the Storm Drainage Utility. • Other considerations included the potential to improve water quality, reductions in maintenance, and increased reliability of the system. Priorities for each project are included in each project description in the following sections. Project priority and budgetary constraints were considered together in developing the year-by-year schedules for project implementation in the 6- and 20-year CIPs (see Chapter 8). !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( 1 7 8 2 6 4B 4A 5A 5B SR 1 8 SR 1 6 7 A S T S E C S T S W B S T N W I S T N E AU B U R N W A Y N A U B U R N W A Y S R S T S E 13 2 N D A V E S E WE S T V A L L E Y H W Y N W M S T S E 8TH ST E E MAIN ST 12 4 T H A V E S E C S T N W BU T T E A V E 15TH ST SW SE 288TH ST 2ND ST E C S T N E SE 312TH ST S 277TH ST JO V I T A B L V D W MAIN ST 15TH ST NW S 384TH ST 198TH AVE E 53RD ST SE 9TH ST E 29TH ST SE SE 320TH ST 11 4 T H A V E E 11 6 T H A V E S E EDWARDS RD E LAKE TAPPS PKWY SE 41ST S T S E STUCK R I V E R D R 24TH ST E 16TH ST E K E R S E Y W A Y S E 14 7 T H A V E S E 4TH ST E 18TH ST E M S T N E 12 2 N D A V E E 12TH ST E SE 304TH ST 1 9 0 T H A V E E 3RD AVE SE ELLINGSON RD SW 37TH ST SE PE R I M E T E R R D SE 272ND ST 4 6 T H P L S 8TH ST NE 18 2 N D A V E E 11 0 T H A V E E AC A D E M Y D R S E SE LAKE HOLM RD ORA V E T Z R D S E VA L E N T I N E A V E S E C U T O F F 5 1 S T A V E S SE 282ND ST 14 4 T H A V E S E 17TH ST SE S 296TH ST 25TH ST SE 12TH ST SE 5 5 T H A V E S D S T S E 1ST AVE SE TA C O M A B L V D D S T N W A S T N E 4TH ST SE CE L E R Y A V E 30TH ST NE 10 8 T H A V E EA S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 11 2 T H A V E S E SE 316TH ST 14 8 T H A V E S E 2 1 0 T H A V E E EA S T V A L L E Y H W Y S E 55TH ST SE E V E R G R E E N W A Y S E D S T N E M S T N W O S T N E SE 368 T H P L W S T N W S 287TH ST 5TH AVE SW E S T N E 69TH ST S E 11 2 T H A V E E S 316TH ST H A R V E Y R D S C E N I C D R S E H S T N W M A I N S T S 292ND ST WE S T B L V D ( B O E I N G ) 44TH ST NW 3RD AVE SW 1 8 6 T H A V E E 10TH ST NE CL A Y S T N W 4TH AVE SW 14 8 T H A V E E 7TH ST SE 13 7 T H A V E E 13 6 T H A V E E SE 310TH ST S 3RD AVE TH O R T O N A V E S W 12 7 T H P L S E RIVE R D R BOUNDARY BLVD LEA HIL L R D S E 11 8 T H A V E S E 58 T H A V E S S 3 6 4 T H P L AL G O N A B L V D N 10 4 T H A V E S E S 372ND ST J S T N E 4TH ST NE 11 0 T H A V E S E SE 281ST ST 72 N D A V E S 56 T H P L S BR I D G E T A V E S E 57 T H A V E S DO G W O O D S T S E 2ND AVE SW 8TH ST SE S 279TH ST L S T S E 12 6 T H A V E E T S T S E F S T S E FR O N T A G E R D 52 N D A V E S SE 274TH ST 1ST ST E SE 299TH ST SE 284TH ST 49TH ST N E H O W A R D R D SE 296TH WAY 54 T H A V E S A S T S W U S T N W S 331ST ST 7 8 T H A V E S 3RD ST E 13 5 T H A V E S E 47TH S T S E 8 6 T H A V E S R S T N W 15TH ST E MI L I T A R Y R D S 13TH ST E K S T S E OL I V E A V E S E 10TH ST E 10 8 T H A V E E SE 323RD PL 5 4 T H P L S B S T S E W Y M A N D R 26TH ST SE S 336TH ST S 340TH ST C S T S E B S T N E S 300TH ST ELM LN 64TH ST SE SE 301ST ST SE 287TH S T V S T N W 2ND ST SE 3RD ST SE 29TH ST NW 21ST ST NE HE M L O C K S T S E 56 T H A V E S 24TH ST SE LU N D R D S W PI K E S T N W 21ST ST E 42ND ST NW 17T H S T E 11 9 T H A V E E SE 276TH PL 65 T H A V E S SE 295TH PL G S T N E S 2 9 7 T H P L O S T S E 27TH ST SE 1 0 2 N D A V E S E 12 8 T H A V E E S 344TH ST SE 364TH ST SE 290TH ST 10TH ST SE S 288TH ST V S T S E B PL NW SE 294TH ST 14 6 T H A V E S E Z S T S E S 305TH ST S 370TH ST 19TH DR NE SE 307TH PL SE 314TH ST 14 0 T H A V E S E 28TH ST SE 10 8 T H A V E S E 73RD ST SE S 319TH ST S 366TH ST SE 297TH ST K S T N E 24TH ST NE SE 296TH ST SE 285TH ST S 368TH ST 11 7 T H A V E S E S 302ND PL 6TH ST SE 11 0 T H P L S E 55 T H A V E STA N L E Y A V E 7TH ST HE A T H E R A V E S E 11 2 T H P L S E SE 292ND ST 2ND AVE NE 13 0 T H A V E S E I P L N E R S T N E FI R S T S E CH I C A G O A V E T S T N E SR 1 6 7 16TH ST E SR 1 6 7 SR 18 M S T N E 9TH ST E SR 1 6 7 13TH ST E SR 1 6 7 SR 1 6 7 R S T N W SR 1 6 7 S R 1 6 7 SE 288TH ST SR 1 6 7 SE 304TH S T SE 272ND ST 8TH ST NE SE 282ND ST SE 284TH ST 12 4 T H A V E S E S 277TH ST 17TH ST SE M S T N E 2ND ST E 14 4 T H A V E S E SR 18 B S T S E SR 18 10 8 T H A V E S E 51 S T A V E S 51 S T A V E S SR 1 8 8TH ST E D S T S E SE 272ND ST LEGEND !(Project Location Roadway Watercourse Water Body Wetland Auburn City Boundary ¯0 5,000 10,0002,500 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-1Project LocationsStormwater Drainage UtilityCapital Improvements Program P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 1 ( p r o j e c t s ) . m x d 1 inch = 5,000 feet ID Project Name 1 West Main Street Pump Station Upgrade 2 37th and I Streets NW Storm Improvements 3 Hillside Drainage Assessment (*see Figure 7-4 for project locations) 4A 30th Street NE Are Flooding, Phase 2 4B 30th Street NE Are Flooding, Phase 3 5A West Hills Drainage Improvements near S 330th St. and 46th Pl. S 5B West Hills Drainage Improvements at S 314th St. and 54th Ave. S 6 North Airport Area Improvements 7 D St. SE Storm Improvements 8 23rd St. SE Drainage Improvements 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan update 10 Composting Facility (location to be determined)* 11 Storm Drainage Infrastructure Repair & Replacement* 12 Street Utility Improvements* *Project not mapped; multiple locations or location to be determined Chapter 7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 7-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Proposed Drainage Projects 7.2 Capital improvement projects described in this section were developed as part of this Drainage Plan and are described in sufficient detail to allow the City to proceed with budgeting and design. Project descriptions are organized into summaries containing the following information: • Project number: CIP numbers were generally assigned by priority. • Project name: A short, descriptive name was assigned to each project. • Location: A simple description of the project location, such as the cross streets, is provided. • Priority and schedule: Project priorities and years of implementation are provided to present complete project summaries; however, prioritization and scheduling is discussed in more detail in Chapter 8. • Problem summary: A brief description of the observed problem is presented along with a summary of the analysis conducted to characterize the problem and evaluate alternatives for mitigation. A more complete discussion of the hydraulic analyses performed to evaluate system conveyance capacities is summarized in Section 5.1 and described in detail in Appendix C. • Description: A description of the proposed project is provided, including major project elements and sizes. • LOS goal(s) addressed: The LOS goal(s) addressed by the project is provided. • Recommended predesign refinement: In some cases, pre-project data collection and monitoring is proposed. • Recommended post-construction monitoring: In some cases, post-project monitoring is proposed. • Planning-level cost estimate: A list of estimated costs is provided including construction costs, engineering and administrative costs, taxes, and contingency costs. The estimate was developed based on the conceptual design, preliminary quantity take-offs, and estimated unit costs. Estimated unit costs were based on the City of Seattle Unit Cost Report (SPU, 2012), WSDOT Unit Bid Tab for the Northwest region (2012–2014), King County’s Tabula conveyance system cost estimating software, vendor quotes, and escalated project costs from recent projects with similar components. • Project map: A figure showing the conceptual design and location of project elements is provided. Proposed project summaries and maps are presented on the following pages. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 1 Project name West Main Street Pump Station Upgrade Location South of West Main Street east of the SR 167 overpass Priority 1 Schedule Begin construction 2016 Problem summary The dead-end portion of Old West Main Street near SR 167 has a history of observed flooding. The City installed a pump station to dewater the gravity pipe, flowing on the south side of Old West Main Street, in an effort to protect local businesses from flooding. Since its installation in 2008, the pump station has eliminated flooding at the observed location. The pump station, however, does not meet the City’s LOS guidelines regarding pump redundancy, and modeling indicates that the pump station does not have capacity to convey the 25-year flow rate. The City’s gravity pipe on the north side of Old West Main Street experiences flooding, at one inlet, approximately once per year. Portions of this gravity pipe are now inundated because of high water elevations associated with the water surface elevation in Mill Creek, which is downstream. The pump station and gravity pipe discharge to a WSDOT ditch along the east side of SR 167. The ditch flows north to a WSDOT 24-inch-diameter culvert under West Main Street. Approximately 1,150 feet north of West Main Street, the WSDOT ditch discharges to Mill Creek via a 24-inch-diameter culvert under SR 167. During a field visit on April 30, 2014, approximately 5 feet of standing water was observed in the WSDOT system as well as in portions of the City’s gravity system. Sediment and vegetation accumulation in the WSDOT downstream conveyance (north of West Main Street) prevent the City’s system from draining. Also, when Mill Creek’s water surface elevation is high, it backflows into the WSDOT ditch and inundates the adjacent wetland area north of West Main Street. WSDOT has recently completed cleaning of the ditch segment. The impact of this maintenance work on water elevations in the WSDOT system and in the City’s gravity system should be evaluated to determine the timing for construction. Modeling results show that some sections of the gravity portion of the system are capacity-limited (for the 25-year flow rate), primarily along West Main Street near Clay Street. Description This project consists of building a new pump station sized to convey the peak 25-year flow rate with multiple pumps to meet the pump redundancy LOS (Figure 7-2). The new pump station would convey all flows from the gravity pipe on the north and south sides of Old West Main Street. The pump station wet well should be low enough to adequately drain the lowest catch basin in the basin. The force main from the new pump station would be routed to the City ditch on the north side of West Main Street. The 30-inch-diameter force main will be constructed within or near the alignment of the existing culvert with trenchless construction technologies (e.g. pipe-bursting). The force main will discharge to a riprap rock splash pad constructed in the ditch at the current culvert discharge location. A backflow preventer should be installed on the 24-inch-diameter WSDOT culvert under West Main Street to prevent backflow from the north side of the overpass to the south. A backflow preventer may need to be installed at the 12-inch-diameter culvert crossing at West Main Street, near Lund Road SW, to prevent flow from the north side of West Main Street to the south side. Post-project monitoring should be conducted to confirm that the pump station discharges are not causing backups in the City’s ditch, warranting a backflow preventer at this location. Model calibration was limited to pump station supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) data from October 2013 through April 2014. Although the existing pump station tributary area is approximately 15% of the total basin area, the observed flow characteristics from the pump station were used to characterize flow from the entire basin. Because of the limited calibration data, the proposed pump station should include SCADA/telemetry capabilities to provide additional flow information, and allow for additional capacity, if necessary. Key components include: • Pump station (estimated capacity 25 cubic feet per second [cfs] with multiple pumps) with wet well and SCADA/telemetry • Gravity system conveyance to new pump station: − 150 feet of 12-inch-diameter pipe − 113 feet of 24-inch-diameter pipe • 200 feet of 30-inch-diameter force main installed with trenchless construction technologies • Riprap rock splash pad at existing culvert outfall in ditch Chapter 7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 7-6 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 1 • Backflow preventers to prevent stormwater recirculation to WSDOT ditch or the City’s system (if necessary) Recommended predesign requirement • Evaluate the impact of the WSDOT maintenance work on water elevations in the WSDOT system and the City’s gravity system, to determine construction timing and future needs for ditch cleaning. • Coordinate with WSDOT on installation of the backflow preventer on the WSDOT culvert. Recommended post- construction monitoring Conduct periodic site inspections during storm events to confirm that the pump station discharges are not causing backups in the City’s ditch to the 12-inch-diameter culvert crossing West Main Street near Lund Road SW. If backups do occur, a backflow preventer on the north end of the 12-inch-diameter culvert may be warranted. LOS goal(s) addressed • Flooding disruption that inundates the roadways to an impassable level no more than once every 25 years. (LOS Goal 4) • Flooding (surface water from ROW runoff entering premises and damaging building structures) no more than once every 50 years. (LOS Goal 5) • Pump stations will be designed with two or more pumps to ensure proper function during maintenance. Backup and/or dual-feed power supplies will be installed as needed. (LOS Goal 15) Cost estimate Stormwater pump station with SCADA/telemetry: 25 cfs pump station located in Old West Main Street ......................................................................................................... $750,000 Gravity piping: 150 feet of 12-inch-diameter pipe and 113 feet of 24-inch-diameter pipe from existing manholes to new pump station .................................................... $85,000 Force main: construct 200 feet of 30-inch-diameter force main below underpass (from south to north side through existing culvert) using trenchless technology, abandon 18-inch-diameter culvert, and install riprap rock splash pad at existing culvert outfall in ditch outfall ...................................................................................... $257,000 Ancillary improvements: decommission existing pump station; install backflow preventer on WSDOT culvert ....................................................................................... $40,000 Wetland permitting and mitigation (20% of construction subtotal) .......................... $227,000 Subtotal line-item costs ............................................................................................... $1,359,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) . $245,000 Construction contingency (30% of all above construction costs) ............................. $481,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ...................................................................................................................................... $198,000 Subtotal construction costs ........................................................................................ $2,283,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs) ... $685,000 CIP 1 project cost $2,968,000 Install backflow preventer, if necessary Install pump station Install 200 lf 30-inch-diameter force main within existing culvert alignment using trechless construction techniques Decommission existing pump station Install 150 lf 12-inch-diameter drainage pipe Install riprap rock splash pad Install 113 lf 24-inch-diameter drainage pipe Mi l l C r e e k Abandon existing gravity pipe Install backflow preventer OLD W MAIN ST wetlands W MAIN ST SR 1 6 7 CL A Y S T N W LU N D R D S W 4TH ST SW WE S T E R N A V E N W SR 1 6 7 SR 1 6 7 SR 1 6 7 LEGEND Pump Station %,Proposed Facility Proposed Force Main Proposed Drainage Pipe !(Storm Node Storm Channel Storm Pipe Storm Culvert ¯0 400 800200 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-2Project 1: West Main Street Pump Station Upgrade P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 2 ( C I P 1 _ W M a i n S t P S ) . m x d 1 inch = 400 feet Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-9 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 2 Project name 37th and I Streets NW Storm Improvements Location Intersection of 37th Street NW and I Street NW; Interurban Trail approximately 300 feet east Priority 1 Schedule Begin construction 2016 Problem summary Recurring flooding in the vicinity of 37th Street NW and I Street NW causes several nuisance problems including slow or impeded traffic on 37th Street NW, driveway damage and/or impeded access to the nearby power substation, and impeded pedestrian and bicycle access on the Interurban Trail south of 37th Street NW (east of the substation). Flooding problems occur relatively frequently and can result from large storm events as well as prolonged wet periods following storm events. Observations and anecdotal information suggest that floodwaters originate from Mill Creek and/or drainage system backups caused by high water levels in Mill Creek, particularly at the north side of 29th Street NW. Although high water levels in Mill Creek at 37th Street could also be a source of flooding and/or reduce the conveyance capacity of the drainage ditch along 37th Street, it has been observed that there is typically a positive flow gradient leading from the flooded areas back toward Mill Creek. There appear to be at least two flow paths between overflows at 29th Street NW and flooding at 37th Street NW: 1. Backflow along 29th Street NW is diverted into a remnant channel of Mill Creek that flows north toward the power substation. The remnant channel appears to be blocked by the substation and does not have a clear path back to the main channel. It appears that, when discharges in the remnant channel are high, at least a portion of the flow goes northeast and becomes impounded on the east side of the power substation driveway. 2. Backflow along 29th Street NW can extend as far as the Interurban Trail crossing, causing backflow through the culverts into the area between the trail embankment and the railroad embankment. Water can then flow north along the embankments until it ponds on the south side of 37th Street NW. When the ponding gets high enough, water floods over the Interurban Trail and into the impounded water on the east side of the power substation driveway. In 2013, a small berm was constructed between the trail embankment and the railroad embankment to try to prevent water from flowing north; however, it is not known whether this modification sufficiently addressed the problem. The impounded water on the east side of the power substation driveway can lead to flooding when water surface elevations rise to roughly 51 feet elevation (NAVD88). Specifically, the substation driveway is overtopped and areas of 37th Street NW are flooded because of backflow through an existing storm drain catch basin, and perhaps also because of direct flow over the sidewalk and curb. City maintenance crews completed a small works project in 2012 to try to mitigate the flooding. Two 8- inch-diameter ductile iron culverts were installed under the power substation driveway near 37th Street NW at a higher invert elevation than the existing 12-inch-diameter culvert. The intention was to provide additional conveyance capacity to drain the water that ponds on the east side of the driveway back to Mill Creek. However, reports from the City suggest that this modification has not been sufficient to eliminate the flooding problems. Description This project will increase the conveyance capacity of the drainage along 37th Street NW by replacing the existing culverts under the power substation driveway and installing a new culvert under the Interurban Trail (Figure 7-3). A drainage ditch should be constructed to convey water from the Interurban Trail culvert to the existing ditch along the south side of 37th Street NW. The trapezoidal ditch should have a bottom width of 4 feet, 3:1 side slopes, and a depth of 2 feet. In addition, the existing ditch along 37th Street NW should be cleaned out (remove sediment, vegetation, obstructions, and accumulated debris) to maximize conveyance capacity and minimize the tail water effects on culvert outlets. The magnitude and frequency of flows emanating from Mill Creek backflows are difficult to quantify without a hydraulic study of the Mill Creek main channel, as well as a detailed survey of the drainage flow paths leading to the flooded areas at 37th Street NW. Therefore, the proposed new culverts were not sized to pass a specific design discharge. Alternatively, a hydraulic analysis of the ditch and culvert system was performed to examine the potential for reducing water surface elevations by installing larger culverts. The project includes two new 3-foot (span) by 2-foot (rise) reinforced concrete box culverts: the first would be installed under the power substation driveway at an invert elevation of approximately 46.5 feet (NAVD88), and a second would be installed under the Interurban Trail embedded by approximately 1 foot because of likely cover limitations. Installation of these culverts would reduce upstream water surface elevations by roughly 2 feet during high flow conditions that currently result in flooding at approximately 51 Chapter 7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 7-10 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 2 feet NAVD88. The proposed culverts are the smallest standard box culvert. If additional data are collected (see predesign recommended predesign refinements), culvert sizes could be refined, and a larger size could be installed if warranted. Recommended predesign refinements • Perform additional site reconnaissance and survey, including a stream walk during high flow conditions (to estimate high water elevations) and confirm flow paths assumptions • Conduct a detailed topographic survey of the drainage system including the ditch, road and trail crossings, and nearby flooded areas; in addition, conduct a ground survey of key structures such as culvert invert elevations and dimensions • Conduct a revised hydraulic analysis of the drainage system using new survey data, high water mark estimates, and confirmed flow paths; refine culvert sizing given needed conveyance capacity, spatial constraints, and project costs LOS goal(s) addressed Flooding disruption that inundates the roadways to an impassable level no more than once every 25 years (LOS Goal 4) Cost estimate Interurban Trail culvert: construct 60 feet of 3-by-2-foot precast concrete box culvert including inlet and outlet headwalls and riprap rock splash pad at outlet…. ........................................... $40,000 Power substation driveway culvert: construct 60 feet of 3-by-2-foot precast concrete box culvert including inlet and outlet headwalls and riprap rock splash pad at outlet, and drainage bypass ......................................................................................................................................... $50,000 Ancillary improvements: construct 50-foot-long ditch to connect Interurban Trail culvert to roadside ditch; clean 1,000-foot-long existing ditches along south side of 37th Street NW .. $33,000 Wetland permitting and mitigation ............................................................................................. $22,000 Subtotal line-item costs ............................................................................................................... $145,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) ................. $26,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs) ............................................. $34,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ............. $19,000 Subtotal construction costs ........................................................................................................ $224,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs) ................... $67,000 CIP 2 project cost $291,000 INTERURBAN TRAIL POWER SUBSTATION M i l l C reek High water levels cause backflow into the drainage system, including diverted flow into the remnant Mill Creek channel Water continues to flow north along remnant channel Remnant channel terminates but does not have clear path back to main channel; some water appears to flow to the east side of the power substation Backflow from Mill Creek could result in surcharging at inlet to Interurban Trail culverts; berm constructed in 2013 to prevent water from flowing north Flooding over Interurban Trail Flooding of 37th Street NWFlooding over driveway Remove Remove sediment, debris, & vegetation from 1,000 lf of drainage ditch SR 1 6 7 37TH ST NW 29TH ST NW I S T N W EM E R A L D D O W N S D R N W W E S T V A L L E Y H W Y N W M S T N W SR 1 6 7 29TH ST NW ¯ COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-3Project 2: 37th and I Streets NWStorm Improvements P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 3 ( C I P 2 _ 3 7 t h S t r e e t ) . m x d !( !(!(!( !( !( !( Replace existing culvert with 30-inch x 24-inch reinforced concrete box culvert 37TH ST NW INSET A LEGEND !(Storm Node Storm Pipe Storm Channel Storm Culvert Proposed Culvert Proposed Ditch 0 400 800200 Feet 1 inch = 400 feet !( Install new 30-inch x 24-inch concrete box culvert Construct new drainage ditch and connect to existing roadway ditch INSET B BA Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-13 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 3 (Phases 1 and 2 described jointly) Project name Hillside Drainage Assessment Location Hillsides throughout the city Priority 1 Schedule Begin assessment 2016 (Phase 1) and 2017 (Phase 2) Problem summary The existing drainage system includes pipes that discharge over hillsides. While a preliminary inventory and mapping of locations has been completed, field-locating and detailed inspection is warranted to define deficiencies. Description This project would entail compiling and reviewing existing documentation (GIS, record drawings, Cartegraph) on piped stormwater discharges to hillsides throughout the city (Figure 7-4). Some pipes may be located on private property or may be accessed only through private property. The project would include reviewing property legal descriptions to determine where easements may be lacking and working with property owners to obtain temporary access for the CIP work. Field visits would be conducted for all identified pipes. Field crews would locate, perform a detailed inspection, and define outfall deficiencies (e.g., poor access, damaged pipe, insufficient slope protection at the outfall, structural support of pipe). Special equipment (e.g., pipe video cameras) may be necessary based on site conditions (e.g., heavy vegetation, steep slope). Last, the field visit and the necessary actions would be documented. Necessary actions could include: • Obtaining permanent easements for ongoing inspection and maintenance • Constructing an access road or trail • Pipe replacement or repair • Repair or replacement of slope protection • Engineering services for pipe or slope protection replacement This project would be completed in a phased approach. Phase I would consist of completing the assessment for all non-high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes, as there is less information about these pipes and they tend to be older. Phase 2 would consist of completing the assessment for all HDPE pipes. HPDE pipes tend to be newer, have more information, and are easier to locate as many are aboveground installations. The cost estimate includes a placeholder for implementing drainage assessment recommendations. Actual implementation costs will be estimated after the assessment is complete. LOS goal(s) addressed No erosion or landslides resulting from public drainage infrastructure construction, operation, or maintenance. No direct stormwater discharge will be permitted on steep slopes. (LOS Goal 6) Recommended predesign refinements This project is for an assessment that will help define the predesign requirements. Cost estimate Collect and review available documentation on pipes (28 locations) ..................................... $10,000 Coordinate access with private landowners (18 locations) ...................................................... $4,000 Conduct field visit and assess the pipe(s) and outfall, Phase 1: Non-HDPE Pipes Medium vegetation on a medium slope (12 locations) ..................................................... $21,000 Medium to dense vegetation on a steep slope (2 locations) ............................................. $5,000 Conduct field visit and assess the pipe(s) and outfall, Phase 2: HPDE Pipes Medium to dense vegetation on a mild slope (4 locations) ............................................... $7,000 Medium to dense vegetation on a medium slope (8 locations) ........................................ $14,000 Medium vegetation on a steep slope (2 locations) ............................................................ $6,000 Document results of assessment .............................................................................................. $14,000 Implement drainage assessment recommendations $88,000 Subtotal line-item costs .............................................................................................................. $169,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs)............................................. $34,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ............ $19,000 Subtotal construction costs ....................................................................................................... $222,000 Chapter 7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 7-14 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 3 (Phases 1 and 2 described jointly) Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs) .................. $67,000 CIP 3 project cost $289,000 ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! !! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! ! LakeTapps Whi t e R i v e r GreenRiver Academy Johansen Mill Pond River Rim West Beverly Cobble Creek Olsen Canyon Forest Ridge Pacific Ridge Vista Heights Kendall Ridge Leah Hill Road Jovita Heights Auburn Way S #1 Amberview Apts. Auburn Way S #2 Scenic Drive #1 East View Vista High Crest Drive Rainier Ridge #1 Rainier Ridge #2 Lakeland Hills #2 Scenic Drive #2-5 Lakeland Hills #1 East Hill Estates Hidden Valley Vista Lake Tapps Parkway East #1 Lake Tapps Parkway East #2 LEGEND Auburn City Boundary !HDPE Pipe !Other Pipe ¯0 5,000 10,0002,500 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-4Project 3: Hillside Drainage Assessment P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 4 ( C I P 3 _ H i l l s i d e D i s c h a r g e ) . m x d 1 inch = 5,000 feet Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-17 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 4A and 4B (described jointly) Project name 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phases 2 and 3 Location East of I Street NE between 32nd Street NE and 35th Street NE, and at C Street NE between 30th Street NE and 37th Street NE Priority 2 (4A) and 3 (4B) Schedule Phase construction with Project 4A (Phase 2) in 2017 and Project 4B (Phase 3) in 2019 Problem summary The north-central area of Auburn has a history of surface flooding with street flooding occurring once every few years. The residential development east of I Street NE between 32nd Street NE and 35th Street NE discharges flows into a City-owned infiltration area. The infiltration area commonly experiences prolonged periods of standing water due to high groundwater from extended high flows in the Green River, which is adjacent to the infiltration area. The drainage system on I Street NE currently lacks infrastructure to collect and convey stormwater away from the infiltration area, as well as residential roadways and parking area. Ponding occurs within the parking areas of the developments and presents a nuisance and potential hazard to local residents. The December 3, 2007, storm (approximately a 50-year storm) produced extensive flooding along C Street NE northward toward 37th Street NE, which required sandbagging to protect local businesses. Deposition of sediment within Mill Creek has raised the water levels within the creek and diminished the capacity of the gravity system in C Street NE and downstream in 37th Street NE. In addition to the influence of Mill Creek, modeling efforts demonstrate that the system’s capacity is limited by low pipe gradient and shallow inverts and that flooding would continue even with sediment removal within Mill Creek. Although the two problems are not hydraulically connected, the proposed projects are described jointly as they will connect the problem areas to the 30th Street NE system. Description These projects are Phases 2 and 3 of a three-phased capital improvement project (Relieve 30th Street NE Area Flooding) from the 2009 Comprehensive Stormwater Drainage Plan. The goal of the 2011 capital improvement project was to increase the capacity of the 30th Street NE system to reduce flooding along 30th Street NE and to provide capacity to connect other flooding drainage systems (C Street NE and I Street NE). The implementation of this capital improvement project is occurring in phases, as funding, staff availability, and priorities allow. The first phase (30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 1) is scheduled for construction in 2015/2016. The subsequent phases, referred to as Projects 4A and 4B in this Drainage Plan, are scheduled for construction in 2017 and 2019, respectively. Project 4A would address the flooding adjacent to I Street NE (Figure 7-5). This project would locate a storm drain line to capture stormwater from the two residential developments currently discharging stormwater to the City’s infiltration area. In addition, this project would construct a new storm drain within I Street NE southward to connect into the 42-inch-diameter storm drain (which will be constructed as part of the 30th Street NE Area Flooding project, Phase I, from the 2009 Plan) near the intersection at I Street NE and 30th Street NE. The 42-inch-diameter line will have sufficient available capacity to convey the I Street NE flows. Key components of Project 4A include: • 1,850 feet of 15-inch-diameter gravity storm drain • Catch basin and incidental grading to collect stormwater at the upstream end of the system Project 4B would address flooding along C Street NE (Figure 7-6). Currently stormwater flows along C Street NE are conveyed north to the 37th Street NE storm conveyance line and discharge to Mill Creek. This project would reduce flooding in C Street NE by increasing capacity in the line by lowering inverts and upsizing the pipe diameter of a portion of the system, and by redirecting the high wet weather flows southward to the 42- inch-diameter storm drain (to be completed in 2016) in 30th Street NE. Flows are redirected with a diversion to a new pump station and force main connection to 30th Street NE. Key components of Project 4B include: • Backflow preventer to isolate the C Street NE system from Mill Creek backwater • Diversion structure in C Street NE for pump station • Pump station (estimated capacity of 5 to 7 cfs) • 850 feet of 24-inch-diameter drainage pipe (replace existing pipe with larger and steeper pipe) • 1,730 feet of 15-inch-diameter force main Upon completion, City staff should consider lowering the level settings for Brannan Park pumps 4 and 5, because the hydraulic improvements associated with this project will allow more stormwater to reach the pump station. LOS goal(s) addressed Flooding disruption that inundates the roadways to an impassable level no more than once every 25 years (LOS Goal 4) Chapter 7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 7-18 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 4A and 4B (described jointly) Flooding causing property damage no more than once every 50 years (LOS Goal 5) Project 4B recommended predesign refinements Pump station design capacity and control strategy should consider the potential impacts to the downstream conveyance systems along 30th Street NE and the airport. Pump station real time control at the airport stormwater ponds could be included, where the pond outflow is restricted when the pump station is operating. Cost estimate Project 4A Gravity storm drain: install 1,850 feet of 15-inch-diameter pipe (along I Street NE to 30th Street NE storm drain) ............................................................................................................ $481,000 Subtotal line-item costs .......................................................................................................... $481,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) ............ $87,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs) ........................................ $114,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ........ $65,000 Subtotal construction costs ................................................................................................... $747,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (20% of construction costs) .............. $145,000 CIP 4A (Phase 2) project cost $896,000 Cost estimate Project 4B Flow diversion structure ......................................................................................................... $4,000 Install backflow preventer for 24-inch-diameter pipe ........................................................... $10,000 Gravity line: replace 850 feet of pipe with 24-inch-diameter pipe at steeper grade .......... $289,000 Stormwater pump station: 5 to 7 cfs pump station located C Street NE to the south of 37th Street NE ................................................................................................................................. $300,000 Force main: install 1,730 feet of 15-inch-diameter pipe (connect to 30th Street NE storm drain) ....................................................................................................................................... $450,000 Subtotal line-item costs .......................................................................................................... $1,053,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) ............ $190,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs) ........................................ $249,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ........ $142,000 Subtotal construction costs ................................................................................................... $1,634,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs) ............. $490,000 CIP 4B (Phase 3) project cost $2,124,000 Total CIP 4A and 4B project cost $3,020,000 !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !(!( !( !( !(!(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !(!( !( !(!( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !(!( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!( !( !( Install 1,850 lf 15-inch drainage pipe I S T N E 30TH ST NE 28TH ST NE 31ST ST NE 32ND ST NE 32ND PL NE L S T N E M D R N E K S T N E 35TH ST NE M S T N E JO H N R E D D I N G T O N R D J S T N E M S T N E 32ND PL NE 32ND ST NE K S T N E M S T N E J S T N E LEGEND Pump Station !(Storm Node Storm Pipe Storm Channel Storm Culvert Storm Pond Proposed Drainage Pipe ¯0 300 600150 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-5Project 4A: 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 2 P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 5 ( C I P 4 A _ 3 0 t h S t N E P h 2 ) . m x d 1 inch = 300 feet C S T N E 37TH ST NE AU B U R N W A Y N 30TH ST NE30TH ST NW 35TH ST NE LEGEND !(Storm Node Storm Pipe Storm Channel Storm Culvert Storm Pond %,Proposed Facility Proposed Force Main Proposed Drainage Pipe ¯0 300 600150 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-6Project 4B: 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 3 P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 6 ( C I P 4 B _ 3 0 t h S t N E P h 3 ) . m x d 1 inch = 300 feet New pump station in C St. NE New 1,730 lf force main in C S.t NE Force main connection to 30th St. NE drainage pipe Replace existing gravity pipe with larger, steeper pipe Install backflow preventer Flow diversion structure Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-23 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 5A Project name West Hills Drainage Improvements at S 330th St. and 46th Pl. S Location Southwest corner of S 330th Street and 46th Place S Priority 2 Schedule Begin construction 2016 Problem summary Flooding has been reported along the S 330th Street roadway. Surface water from upstream of the flooding location including the City’s ROW is conveyed through a ditch and pipes, located on private property adjacent to the problem area. The pipes located on private property had previously been conveyed in a ditch. In an attempt to reclaim the front yard, a previous property owner filled the ditch with two parallel pipes. The existing system discharges to a ravine outfall south of S 330th Street. Flows from the ravine eventually discharge to Mill Creek. Description This project would re-route flows upstream of the private property including those flows from the City ROW into a new piped system. The proposed 24-inch-diameter pipe would be aligned in the 46th Place S and S 330th Street ROWs. The project includes three connection structures: a tie-in to the existing system at the upstream end, a manhole where the pipe alignment turns onto S 330th Street, and a manhole where the pipe alignment turns toward the outfall. This manhole also connects the adjacent private system to the new pipe system. The project results in a single 24-inch-diameter pipe discharging to the existing outfall. The east side of the existing outfall is a brick retaining wall and will be rebuilt as part of this project. The outfall will also be reinforced with riprap. LOS goal(s) addressed Maintain or seek access to City-owned facilities for necessary maintenance and operation. (LOS Goal 13) Recommended predesign refinements Flows to the project area were estimated using WWHM12, assuming existing conditions for the current subbasin contributing area. Prior to detailed design, the basin contributing area should be refined by accounting for any changes due to new or re-development. Obtain easement from one property owner. Cost estimate Extend existing (12-inch-diameter) culvert 18 feet to new tie-in connection .......................... $4,000 Gravity storm drain: install 220 feet of 24-inch-diameter pipe in ROW under power line ..... $70,000 Gravity storm drain: install 105 feet of 24-inch-diameter pipe in ROW .................................. $34,000 Gravity storm drain: install 22 feet of 24-inch-diameter pipe in easement ............................ $8,000 Gravity storm drain: install 34 feet of 12-inch-diameter pipe in easement from existing catch basin to new manhole ................................................................................................................ $7,000 Install three connecting structures ............................................................................................ $10,000 Rebuild outfall and reinforce discharge area ............................................................................ $5,000 Obtain easement ........................................................................................................................ $20,000 Subtotal line-item costs .............................................................................................................. $158,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) ............... $28,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs) ............................................ $37,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ............ $21,000 Subtotal construction costs ....................................................................................................... $244,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs) .................. $73,000 CIP 5A project cost $317,000 %, %, %, %, #* #* #* #*#* #*#* # # ## # !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( 4 6 T H P L S 51 S T A V E S S 329TH PL LEGEND !(Storm Node Storm Pipe #Storm Infall #*Storm Outfall Storm Channel Storm Culvert Parcels Proposed Easement %,Proposed Facility Proposed Drainage Pipe ¯0 100 20050 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-7 Project 5A: West Hills Drainage Improvements S 330th St. and 46th Pl. S P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 7 ( C I P 5 A _ W e s t H i l l s S 3 3 0 t h ) . m x d 1 inch = 100 feet Install 220 lf 24-inch pipe Extend existing culvert 18 feet to new manhole S 330th St Connect existing 18-inch pipe to new manhole Install 105 lf 24-inch pipe #*#* !( Inset Connect existing catch basin to new manhole with 34 lf 12-inch pipe Rebuild existing outfall and reinforce with riprap Obtain easement Replace existing 18-inch pipe with 22 lf 24-inch pipe Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-27 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 5B (Phases 1 and 2 described jointly) Project name West Hills Drainage Improvements near S 314th St. and 54th Ave. S Location S 314th Street and 54th Avenue S Priority 2 Schedule Begin construction 2018 Problem summary A City-owned pipe daylights to the back yard of a residential parcel on S 314th St and discharges runoff onto the northern adjacent property. Although the northern property reports water under the home, there is no record of nuisance ponding or flooding. The discharging pipe is the outfall for a 25-acre subbasin roughly spanning S 316th and 314th streets and 52nd and 55th avenues S. The residential area surrounding the 25-acre subbasin (to the west and north) is served by a grass ditch and culvert system that conveys flows to a culvert crossing at S 312th Street. The discharge continues through a series of open channels and culverts and eventually drains to Mill Creek. Description Phase 1: The project’s first phase is to implement LID BMPs in the ROW to provide infiltration and reduce flows into the existing and proposed piped system (Figure 7-8. The ROW areas in this neighborhood are good candidates for roadside bioretention cells over gravel trench based on gentle consistent slope of the existing grass-lined ditches, existing infall and outfall infrastructure, and lack of street/shoulder parking. The gravel trench provides storage and detention time for infiltration in areas of low infiltration rates. Phase 2: Given that LID BMPs do not significantly reduce high flows, the project also includes installing 385 feet of 18-inch-diameter pipe through easements and ROW to connect the existing discharge point to the downstream system on S 312th Street (Figure 7-8). Pipe conveyance was selected over a ditch to minimize the risk of flooding impacts to private premises and to ensure future conveyance maintenance. The pipe alignment includes upgrading the ditch and culvert system on S 312th Street to a piped system. The existing 12-inch-diameter culvert crossing S 312th Street will be increased to a 24-inch-diameter culvert. The culvert discharges to an open channel that traverses three private properties. The culvert outfall will be reinforced with riprap. LOS goal(s) addressed Flooding (surface water from ROW runoff entering premises and damaging building structures) with an annual chance of occurrence of no more than once every 50 years (LOS Goal 5) Maintain or seek access to City-owned facilities for necessary maintenance and operation. (LOS Goal 13) Recommended predesign refinements Confirm infiltrative capacity of proposed bioretention sites with infiltration tests. Soils in the area are listed as NRCS hydrologic soil group “C,” which has a low infiltration rate (0.15 to 0.05 inch per hour), but there may be localized areas with higher infiltration rates. Confirm that grades and existing culvert and pipe inlets are sufficient for LID BMP drainage design. Confirm the open channel downstream of S 312th Street culvert crossing has the capacity for the 100-year flow (based on City open-channel design standards). The King County culvert crossing 51st Avenue S is the next culvert downstream of the project area. The infall to this culvert is partially blocked by a living tree root wad. With more surface flow directed to this infall, the root wad should be removed. This effort will need to be coordinated with King County. Obtain easements from two property owners. Cost estimate Phase 1 Install 7 gravel trench draining bioretention cells with infall and outfall connection to the existing drainage system ............................................................................................................ $210,000 Subtotal line-item costs ............................................................................................................. $210,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) ............... $38,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs) ............................................ $50,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ............ $28,000 Subtotal construction costs ....................................................................................................... $326,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (25% of construction costs) .................. $82,000 CIP 5B (Phase 1) project cost $408,000 Cost estimate Gravity storm drain: install 385 feet of 18-inch-diameter pipe ................................................ $100,000 Chapter 7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 7-28 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 5B (Phases 1 and 2 described jointly) Phase 2 Upsize existing 12-inch-diameter culvert to 24-inch-diameter (36 feet) and reinforce culvert outlet with riprap ........................................................................................................................ $15,000 Install five connecting structures .............................................................................................. $16,000 Easement acquisition ................................................................................................................. $20,000 Subtotal line-item costs ............................................................................................................. $151,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) ............... $27,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs) ............................................ $36,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ............ $20,000 Subtotal construction costs ....................................................................................................... $234,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs) .................. $70,000 CIP 5B (Phase 2) project cost $304,000 Total CIP 5B project cost $712,000 #* #* #* #* #* #* #*#* #* #*#*#*#*#* #* #* #* #*#* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #*#*#* #* #* #* #* #*#* #*#* #*#*#*#* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #* #*#* #* #*#* #* #* #* #* #* #* # # # # # # # # # # ## ## #### # # #### ## # ## # # # # # # # # # # # ## # # # # ### ## ### ## ### # # # # # # # ## # # # # # # # ## # # # # # ##### # # # # # ## # # !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !(!(!(!(!(!( !( !( %, %, %,%, 51 S T A V E S 55 T H A V E S S 316TH ST S 312TH ST S 314T H S T 54 T H A V E S S 310TH ST 52 N D A V E S 56 T H A V E S LEGEND !(Storm Node Storm Pipe #Storm Infall #*Storm Outfall Storm Channel Storm Culvert Parcels Proposed Easement Proposed Bioretention %,Proposed Facility Proposed Drainage Pipe ¯0 250 500125 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-8Project 5B:West Hill Drainage Improvements S 314th St. and 54th Ave. S P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 8 ( C I P 5 B _ W e s t H i l l s S 3 1 4 t h ) . m x d 1 inch = 250 feet Replace existing 12-inch culvert with 24-inch culvert Reinforce outfall with riprap Install 385 lf of 18-inch pipe from existing discharge point to new manhole at S 312th St culvert infall Obtain easement for existing and new pipe Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-31 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 6 Project name North Airport Area Improvements Location Northern extent of airport property near 30th Street NE Priority 2 Schedule Begin construction 2016 Problem summary Pond I: The current configurations of the inlet and outlet of airport Pond I do not allow the pond to operate as designed. The inlet is intended to receive primary flows from the airport drainage system, but instead is configured to take only high flows. The pond does not fill from its inlet because the inlet elevation is higher than designed. The inlet is made further ineffective by an inverse grade or high point along its alignment. Rather than accepting primary or low flows through its inlet and releasing detained water through a flow control riser to the storm system in 30th Street NE, the pond fills from its outlet because of a disconnected riser when the storm line in 30th Street NE surcharges. This surcharging usually occurs prior to the high flows entering the pond. North Hangar Area: In the north hangar area immediately east of Pond I, surcharging flows from the storm line in 30th Street NE backwater to the airport’s 30-inch-diameter storm drain and causes flooding to the north and west of the most northerly hangar. Historically, the flooding extends to part of the taxiway and into the hangar. The grate inlets in 30th Street NE are higher than the ground elevation of the northern airport area, which allows the airport area to flood before street flooding occurs in 30th Street NE. In addition, given that onsite runoff is not being diverted to or retained by Pond I, onsite flows contribute to the north hangar area surcharging. Description: Pond I: This project would provide Pond I with more detention volume and allow the pond inlet and outlet to operate as intended, collecting and detaining surface water generated on airport property with high flows discharging to the 30th Street NE system. The project would excavate portions of the pond to provide more storage capacity, replace the existing inlet pipe at a lower invert and consistent positive slope to capture the primary flow, reconnect the flow control structure to the outlet, and install a backflow preventer at the outlet. North Hangar Area: The project for the north hangar area consists of installing a backflow preventer at the connection to the 30th Street NE system. Pond I upgrades need to be completed first because the north hangar area is at a lower elevation and receives flow from both the airport drainage and the 30th Street NE system. Because portions of the airport area have lower elevations than the adjacent 30th Street NE system, the north hangar area may experience some localized flooding, even with the Pond I upgrades and installation of backflow preventers, because the 30th Street NE is higher. This project would be constructed as shown in Figure 7-9. LOS goal(s) addressed Flooding disruption that inundates the roadways to an impassable level no more than once every 25 years (LOS Goal 4) Flooding (surface water from ROW runoff entering premises and damaging building structures) no more than once every 50 years (LOS Goal 5) Recommended predesign refinements None Cost estimate Pond I: Excavate portions of the pond .............................................................................................. $46,000 Replace and lower pond inlet pipe ...................................................................................... $25,000 Upgrade diversion manhole ................................................................................................. $4,000 Replace flow control manhole at pond outlet ..................................................................... $4,000 Install backflow preventer .................................................................................................... $7,000 North Hangar Area: Install backflow preventer for 30-inch-diameter pipe .......................................................... $14,000 Subtotal line-item costs ......................................................................................................... $100,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) ........... $18,000 Construction contingency (30% of all above construction costs) ........................................ $35,000 Chapter 7 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 7-32 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 6 Washington State and King County sales taxes (9.5% of all above construction costs) .... $15,000 Subtotal construction costs $168,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs) $50,000 CIP 6 project cost $218,000 Repair flow control connection and install backflow preventer Replace pipe at new slope Adjust pond inlet invert Install backflow preventer Excavate portions of the pond Pond I Pond H Pond G Pond F AU B U R N W A Y N 30TH ST NE C S T N E 26TH ST NE 30TH ST NW E S T N E LEGEND !(Storm Node Storm Pipe Storm Channel Storm Culvert Storm Pond %,Proposed Facility Proposed Drainage Pipe ¯0 300 600150 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-9Project 6: North Airport Area Improvements P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 9 ( C I P 6 _ N o r t h A i r p o r t A r e a ) . m x d 1 inch = 300 feet Comprehensive Stormwater Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-35 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 7 Project name D St. SE Storm Improvements Location Western end of 25th Street SE near D Street SE right-of-way Priority 2 Schedule Begin construction 2018 Problem summary The western dead-end portion of 25th Street SE has a history of observed flooding. An existing dry well has inadequate infiltration. The dry well floods after heavy rain, several times a year. Floodwater fills the adjacent section of 25th Street SE to the curb. There are also numerous dry wells not meeting discharge standards in this area. Description This project consists of installing a new gravity drain to convey the peak 25-year flow rate from the flooding location to the 21st Street stormwater pond (Figure 7-10). New piping consists of a 24-inch-diameter gravity drain from the existing dry well location (at the intersection of D Street SE ROW and 25th Street SE) north along D Street SE to the intersection of 23rd Street SE. New 30-inch-diameter gravity drain would be installed from 23rd Street SE to the existing junction with the 48-inch-diameter gravity pipe in 21st Street SE. The existing dry wells at 23rd Street SE and 22nd Street SE would be removed. Conveyance piping to these dry wells would be connected to the new 30-inch-diameter gravity drain. The conveyance piping, along 25th Street SE, to the problematic dry well will be replaced with a new 12- inch-diameter gravity drain because the existing conveyance is lower than the proposed conveyance piping along D Street SE. Additional dry wells at 26th Street SE and 27th Street SE would be removed. Conveyance piping along 26th Street SE will also be replaced with a 12-inch-diameter gravity drain, because the existing conveyance flows to the east. A sixth dry well system, located at 27th Street SE and F Street SE, will be replaced with a gravity drain. A 12-inch-diameter gravity drain will be installed along F Street SE and connect to the existing manhole at the intersection at 26th Street SE. Recommended predesign requirement None LOS goal(s) addressed Flooding disruption that inundates the roadways to an impassable level no more than once every 25 years (LOS Goal 4) Cost estimate Gravity piping: 990 feet of 30-inch-diameter pipe, 630 feet of 24-inch-diameter pipe, and 1,610 feet of 12-inch-diameter pipe ................................................................... $906,000 Subtotal line-item costs ............................................................................................... $906,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) . $163,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs) .............................. $214,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ...................................................................................................................................... $122,000 Subtotal construction costs......................................................................................... $1,405,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs) .... $422,000 CIP 11 project cost $1,827,000 !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !(!( !( !(!(!(!(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !(!(!(!( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !(!(!( !( !(!(!(!( !( !(!(!(!(!( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( Install 380 lf 12-inch-diameter drainage pipe Install 990 lf 30-inch-diameter drainage pipe Install 1,230 lf 12-inch-diameter drainage pipe Install 630 lf 24-inch-diameter drainage pipe F S T S E 21ST ST SE D S T S E 26TH ST SE 25TH ST SE 27TH ST SE 22ND ST SE 23RD ST SE 28TH ST SE 24TH ST SE H S T S E CEDAR DR SE C S T S E D S T S E 24TH ST SE 28TH ST SE H S T S E H S T S E 23RD ST SE H S T S E H S T S E LEGEND !(Storm Node !(Storm Node with flow control !(Dry Well Storm Pipes Storm Pond Proposed Drainage Pipe ¯0 300 600150 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-10Project 7: D St. SE Storm Improvements P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 1 0 ( C I P 7 _ D S t ) . m x d 1 inch = 300 feet Comprehensive Stormwater Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-39 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 8 Project name 23rd St. SE Drainage Improvements Location 23rd and K streets SE Priority 3 Schedule Begin construction 2018 Problem summary A new 12-inch-diameter stormwater gravity drain was installed along K Street SE, south of 23rd Street SE, in 2014 to address localized flooding. This piping increased the tributary area to the 8-inch-diameter gravity drain along 23rd Street SE. Modeling results indicate that the existing 8-inch-diameter gravity drain along 23rd Street SE does not meet the LOS. Description This project has a phased approach. Phase 1 consists of installing a new 15-inch-diameter gravity drain along K Street SE from the intersection of 23rd Street SE to the intersection of 21st Street SE (Figure 7- 11). The new pipe would connect to the existing 24-inch-diameter system along 21st Street SE, which eventually discharges to the 21st Street Pond. The existing 8-inch-diameter gravity drain pipe conveying flow west from the intersection of K Street SE and 23rd Street SE would be plugged so that all runoff on K Street SE would be conveyed north. Phase 2 consists of installing a new 18-inch-diameter gravity drain along 23rd Street SE from H Street SE to F Street SE. The new pipe would connect to the existing 24-inch-diameter system along 23rd Street SE. This system eventually discharges to the 21st Street Pond. After completion of Phase 1 and prior to implementing Phase 2, the storm system along 23rd Street SE should be monitored during large events to confirm that water levels in pipe are surcharging. An existing detention system in the tributary area was not explicitly modeled during project development, and may manage flows such that simulated surcharging does not occur. If this is the case, then Phase 2 would not be required to meet the City’s LOS. Recommended predesign requirement Periodic site inspections by the maintenance crews during storm events to observe water levels in pipes along 23rd Street SE LOS goal(s) addressed Flooding disruption that inundates the roadways to an impassable level no more than once every 25 years (LOS Goal 4) Cost estimate Phase 1: Gravity piping: 600 feet of 18-inch-diameter pipe, plug existing 8-inch- diameter pipe ............................................................................................................... $157,000 Phase 2: Gravity piping: 560 feet of 21-inch-diameter pipe ..................................... $157,000 Subtotal line-item costs ............................................................................................... $314,000 Contractor overhead, profit, and mobilization (18% of subtotal of line-item costs) . $57,000 Construction contingency (20% of all above construction costs).............................. $74,000 Washington State and King County sales tax (9.5% of all above construction costs) ...................................................................................................................................... $42,000 Subtotal construction costs ........................................................................................ $487,000 Administration, engineering design, and permitting (30% of construction costs).... $146,000 CIP 8 project cost $633,000 !(!( !( !( !(!( !( !(!(!( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !(!(!( !( !( !(!( !( !( !(!(!(!( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !(!( !( !(!(!(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!( !( !( !(!(!( !( !( !( !( !( !( !( !(!(!( !( !(!( Phase 2: Install 560 lf 18-inch-diameter drainage pipe Phase 1: Install 600 lf 15-inch-diameter drainage pipe Phase 1: Disconnect drainage pipe F S T S E M S T S E K S T S E 21ST ST SE 25TH ST SE 23RD ST SE 26TH ST SE 27TH ST SE H S T S E 22ND ST SE 24TH ST SE 20TH ST SE CEDAR DR SE 23RD PL SE L S T S E 26 T H P L S E 20TH ST SE H S T S E H S T S E H S T S E 26TH ST SE 27TH ST SE 24TH ST SE LEGEND !(Storm Node Storm Pipe Storm Pond Proposed Drainage Pipe ¯0 300 600150 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 7-11Project 8: 23rd St. SE Drainage Improvements P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 7 - 1 1 ( C I P 8 _ 2 3 r d S t ) . m x d 1 inch = 300 feet Comprehensive Stormwater Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-43 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Project number 9 Project name Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan update Location City-wide Priority 1 Schedule Begin development 2020 Problem summary The Storm Drainage Utility is responsible for the maintenance, operations and improvements of the storm drainage system. Description The Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan would include an update to the capital projects in the existing plan. Projects not completed, but still required to address a problem would be reevaluated and updated based on recent information, such as drainage system inventory, system changes, flow monitoring, flooding, and recent unit costs. It would also include capital projects to address newly identified problems, including projects resulting from the Hillside Drainage Assessment (project number 3) and the flow monitoring proposed in the Implementation Plan (Chapter 8). The plan would include additional activities required to address new regulatory requirements. The plan would include cost-of-service studies to reassess the monthly service fees and SDCs. LOS goal(s) addressed The Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan guides the City’s Storm Drainage Utility with respect to future activities and improvements in order to meet established LOS goals. Cost estimate Update Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan ............................................................ $300,000 CIP 9 project cost $300,000 Comprehensive Stormwater Drainage Plan Chapter 7 7-45 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Programmatic Drainage Projects 7.3 To ensure an adequate level of utility funding in the future, the City must consider longer-range programmatic efforts to maintain and/or improve storm drainage service. Table 7-1 lists programmatic projects that should be included in the Storm Drainage Utility budget. These projects are not linked to any specific problem or location, but are included for budgetary purposes. By itemizing these activities, the Storm Drainage Utility can track actual costs to compare with budgeted costs and specifically track how these expenditures address the LOS goals listed in Chapter 3. The items listed in the table below are distributed between the 6- and 20-year CIPs in Chapter 8. Table 7-1. Summary Programmatic Drainage Projects CIP number Project or program name and description Priority Total project cost (2014 dollars) 10 Composting Facility. This project addresses the need for a new site to store and process materials removed from drainage ditches, swales, and ponds during maintenance and restoration activities necessary to maintain the storm drainage system. The current site is on Parks Department property, and the Parks Department has plans to use the property, precluding its use for ongoing M&O activities. This project includes the purchase of property (preferably located central to maintenance and restoration sites) and yearly costs associated with processing the materials for disposal. LOS Goal Addressed: Goal 12. “The City shall seek to maintain storm drainage infrastructure to ensure proper function of drainage facilities in accordance with Ecology requirements.” 2 $1,379,000 11 Storm Drainage Infrastructure Repair & Replacement. This item addresses the need to repair or replace storm drainage infrastructure such as individual pipes, pump station repair and maintenance, and pond improvements. The long-term priorities for R&R should be developed by adhering to LOS Goals 8–9 and 11 regarding the maintenance of a criticality database and the prioritized assessment of critical infrastructure. LOS Goal Addressed: Goal 10. “The City shall seek to repair or replace system assets before they exceed their economic lives.” 1 $11,000,000 12 Street Utility Improvements. The Storm Drainage Utility will seek opportunities to incorporate drainage improvements into transportation and pavement projects on city roads. The majority of storm drainage costs related to projects that bring streets to current design standards are incurred by the City’s Transportation Program. LOS Goal Addressed: Goal 23. “The City shall continue to fund and provide storm drainage services through the existing storm drainage utility.” Seeking opportunities to implement drainage improvements at lower unit costs will help the Storm Drainage Utility remain within its funding limits. 1 $2,000,000 8-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 8 Implementation Plan This chapter presents the implementation plan, which brings together information from the preceding chapters to form a work plan of future activities for the Storm Drainage Utility. The information in this chapter serves as a road map to the Storm Drainage Utility staff. This road map outlines the critical elements of plan implementation (e.g., CIP implementation, stormwater monitoring, NPDES Permit compliance, future staffing, and asset management) and links them into a schedule of utility activities. The implementation plan is divided into six main sections: • Section 8.1 presents the CIP for both 6-year and 20-year time frames. Section 8.2 describes recommendations for future monitoring and data collection to support future planning activities. • Section 8.3 contains a summary of activities for NPDES Permit compliance. • Section 8.4 presents recommendations for future staffing. • Section 8.5 describes recommendations for continuing the implementation of best practices for asset management. • Section 8.6 makes recommendations for additional activities that help the Storm Drainage Utility achieve the LOS goals. The foldout chart (Figure 8-4) at the conclusion of this chapter shows the proposed implementation timeline. Appendix D provides the SEPA determination for the implementation plan. 6-Year and 20-Year CIP 8.1 The 6-year CIP contains near-term capital improvement projects focused on mitigating the most critical existing drainage problems that have been observed and are well understood by the City’s staff. These projects are described in detail in Chapter 7. In addition to site-specific projects, the 6-year CIP contains ongoing programmatic efforts, such as the Storm Drainage Utility’s participation in the Street Utility Improvement program. Table 8-1 lists all 11 capital improvement projects described in Chapter 7 and lays out annual expenditures for the 6-year CIP time frame. Project timing is based on project priorities weighed with likely budgetary constraints such that costs are distributed somewhat evenly from year to year (see Table 8-1 and Figure 8-1). Chapter 8 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 8-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 8-1. Annual Project Cost Summary for 6-Year CIP Project number Project name Priority Repair/ Replacement Upgrade/ Expansion 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 6-year project cost, $ 1 West Main Street Pump Station Upgrade 1 100% 2,968,000 2,968,000 2 37th and I Streets NW Storm Improvements 1 100% 291,000 291,000 3 Hillside Drainage Assessment 1 100% 139,000 150,000 289,000 4A 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 2 2 100% 896,000 896,000 4B 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 3 3 100% 2,124,000 2,124,000 5A West Hills Drainage Improvements at S 330th St. and 46th Pl. S 2 100% 317,000 317,000 5B West Hills Drainage Improvements near S 314th St. and 54th Ave. S 3 100% 408,000 304,000 712,000 6 North Airport Area Improvements 2 100% 218,000 218,000 7 D St. SE Storm Improvements 2 100% 1,827,000 1,827,000 8 23rd St. SE Drainage Improvements 3 100% 316,500 316,500 633,000 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan update 1 35% 65% 300,000 300,000 10 Composting Facility 1 100% 750,000 22,000 23,100 24,300 25,600 845,000 11 Storm Drainage Infrastructure Repair and Replacement Programa 1 100% 100,000 1,000,000 100,000 1,000,000 100,000 1,000,000 3,300,000 12 Street Utility Improvementsa 1 100% 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 600,000 Total 6-year CIP cost for priority 1 projects 3,598,000 2,000,000 222,000 1,123,100 524,300 1,125,600 8,593,000 Total 6-year CIP cost for priority 2 projects 535,000 896,000 1,827,000 0 0 0 3,258,000 Total 6-year CIP cost for priority 3 projects 0 0 724,500 2,124,000 304,000 316,500 3,469,000 Total 6-year CIP cost $4,133,000 $2,896,000 $2,773,500 $3,247,100 $828,300 $1,442,100 $15,032,000 a. Additional project costs included in 20-year CIP. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 8 8-3 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Figure 8-1. Annual Costs for 6-year CIP Long-term stormwater conveyance demands should remain near current levels because, unlike wastewater planning where population growth brings additional flow demands, most new development and redevelopment projects will be subject to the City’s development standards for onsite stormwater control. Local stormwater detention and integrated LID stormwater features should control stormwater flows to maintain approximately existing levels. After existing drainage problems are addressed, the City will begin to shift its priorities away from responding to known drainage problems toward managing existing storm drainage assets to ensure that LOS goals are continuously met. These long-range capital improvements will focus on programmatic activities, such as R&R, where the R&R schedule is based on asset conditions and prioritizes assets that are nearing the end of their economic life. Table 8-2 summarizes the program expenditures and forecasts total CIP costs for the years 2022 to 2035. $0 $500,000 $1,000,000 $1,500,000 $2,000,000 $2,500,000 $3,000,000 $3,500,000 $4,000,000 $4,500,000 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 An n u a l 6 -Ye a r C I P C o s t s Year Priority 3 Priority 2 Priority 1 Chapter 8 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 8-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 8-2. Cost Summary for 20-Year CIP Project number Program name Priority Project costs for 2022–35 (2014 dollars) 10 Composting Facility 1 $533,800 11 Storm Drainage Infrastructure Repair and Replacement Program 1 7,700,000 12 Street Utility Improvements 1 1,400,000 Total 2022–35 CIP cost for priority 1 projects 9,633,800 Total 2022–35 CIP cost for priority 2 projects 0 Total 2022–35 CIP cost for priority 3 projects 0 Total CIP cost (2022–35) $9,633,800 Total 20-year CIP cost (2016–35) $24,954,000 In addition to the identified projects and programs, the City identified two potential problem areas that may warrant a project in the future (see Section 4.5). Projects were not developed for this these areas for the following reasons: (1) existing data were inadequate to understand the potential problem, or (2) stormwater routing to the area may be changing (because of implementation of an upstream City or private project), which could affect the need, sizing, and timing of a project. These potential problem areas require additional data to obtain a better understanding needed to develop a capital improvement project, if warranted. Section 8.2 provides recommendations for activities that will assist with understanding and addressing the potential problems. Monitoring 8.2 Evaluating the adequacy of the storm drainage system and analyzing potential capital improvements require extensive data. This includes not only infrastructure data such as pipe sizes, invert elevations, and outfall locations, but also stormwater data such as runoff volumes, flow rates, and flooding elevations. The City should continue to collect these types of data and store them in a consistent and organized manner. The following sections describe specific recommendations for additional monitoring data collection for identified potential problems, as well as summarizing ongoing monitoring efforts. 8.2.1 Precipitation Precipitation is the source of stormwater runoff. Precipitation intensity and duration data are needed to characterize rainfall-runoff processes and adequately design for drainage of stormwater runoff. The City has been collecting precipitation data at City Hall since 1995, and is currently using a Texas Electronics Model TE525 gauge to record precipitation data with network connectivity allowing for data downloading by City staff. The City also has a manual rain gauge where data are collected weekly. These data are used to back up and validate the TE525 gauge data. The City should continue to monitor precipitation at City Hall using this equipment or updated equipment. 8.2.2 Flow Flow data are used to gain a better understanding of the H&H conditions within a drainage basin. Accurate measurement of flow provides both peak discharge estimates for sizing conveyance capacity within the drainage network and runoff volumes for use in evaluating storm drainage facilities and improvement projects. Two potential problem locations require newly collected flow data to perform model development and calibration, which will support the analysis of problem area (see Section 4.5 for discussion on potential problem areas). Table 8-3 lists each of the recommended flow monitoring sites, Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 8 8-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx purpose, type of measurement, recommended start year, and approximate duration of monitoring. Figure 8-2 shows the proposed monitoring locations. Table 8-3. Proposed Flow Monitoring Sites Site numbera Location Purpose Measurement Start year Approx. durationb Potential problem area: Riverwalk Drive and Howard Road (directing tributary area to17th and 21st Street ponds) P1012- C690_C689 Intersection of Auburn Way S and Riverwalk Dr. SE Quantify flow from upstream areas tributary to flow control device in CB1012-C688 Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons CB1012-C688 Intersection of Auburn Way S and Riverwalk Dr. SE Estimate flows to high flow ditch on Riverwalk Dr. SE Depth 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons C1111- C1469_C1470 Intersection of Howard Rd. and Riverwalk Dr. SE Quantify flows to support modeling flows that may be connected to the City’s system at CB1011-C1474 Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons P1011- C1452_C1453 Howard Rd. between 21st St. SE and Riverwalk Dr. SE Quantify flows to support modeling flows that may be connected to the City’s system at CB1011-C1474 Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons P1011- C1086_C1137 Howard Rd. between 21st St. SE and Riverwalk Dr. SE Quantify flows to support modeling flows that may be connected to the City’s system at CB1011-C1474 Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons P1010-C3_C29 Howard Rd. near Auburn Way S Provide data for H&H model calibration (subbasin C) Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons P1010- B220_B221 21st and K Streets SE Provide data for H&H model calibration (subbasin C) post-CIP (AWS Phase 2)c Depth and velocity 2016 1 to 2 wet seasons Potential problem area: 2nd and G streets SE P909- C122_C121 Auburn Way S, near 9th St. SE Quantify flows upstream of flow split (at MH 909- C12) between subbasins B and C, and provide data for H&H model calibration Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons P809- C113_C112 F St. SE, north of SR 18 Quantify flows upstream of sewer crossing, and provide data for H&H model calibration Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons P810- C701_809-C18 G St. SE and E Main St. Provide data for H&H model calibration (subbasin C) Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons P810-C698_C16 M St. SE, south of E Main St. Provide data for H&H model calibration since M St. Grade Separation and Well 1 Transmission Projects implementation Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons P810-C15_C241 E Main St. and N St. SE Estimate backwater effects on drainage system Depth and velocity Post-AWS Phase 2c,d 1 to 2 wet seasons a. P = pipe, C = culvert, CB = catch basin, MH = manhole. b. Data to support CIP need at least one wet season of good data—approximately October through April; if sufficiently large storms occur during the first season, then year 2 data may not be necessary. Monitoring period and duration within a potential problem area should be the same. c. Auburn Way S Flooding, Phase 2 (AWS Phase 2) is planned for construction in 2015. d. Detailed survey of the flow split at MH 909-C12 should be completed prior to flow monitoring, to understand system hydraulics at this location. !A !A !A !A !A!A!A !A!A !A !A !A !A !A !A!A !A XW !R !R !R !R !R !R CB512-AZ476 CB1012-C688 P1010-C3_C29 WL-Pond-Mill P810-C15_C241 P810-C698_C16 WL-Pond-LakeE WL-Pond-RiverN P909-C122_C121 P809-C113_C112 WL-Pond-LakeS2 WL-Pond-LakeS1 P1010-B220_B221 P1012-C690_C689 P513-AZ519_AZ520 P810-C701_809-C18 C1111-C1469_C1470 P1011-C1452_C1453P1011-C1086_C1137 RG-01 WL-Mill-03 WL-Mill-04 WL-Mill-02 WL-Mill-01 WL-Pond-17thSt WL-Pond-21stSt LEGEND !A Proposed Monitoring Site !R Existing Monitoring Site XW City Rain Gauge Storm Pipe Watercourse Water Body Wetland Auburn City Boundary ¯0 4,000 8,0002,000 Feet COMPREHENSIVE STORM DRAINAGE PLAN April 2015 Figure 8-2Proposed MonitoringLocations P: \ A u b u r n \ 1 4 5 2 9 5 A u b u r n S t o r m w a t e r C o m p P l a n \ G I S \ M X D \ P r e l i m i n a r y D r a f t P l a n \ A u b u r n S t o r m _ F i g 8 - 2 ( m o n i t o r i n g l o c ) . m x d 1 inch = 4,000 feet Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 8 8-7 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx 8.2.3 Stream and Pond Water Level Water level data can also be useful for evaluating the performance of stormwater ponds and assessing the risk of overtopping. Monitoring also will enable the City to identify changes in performance that may indicate excessive sedimentation and the need for active maintenance. Additionally, continued water level monitoring will help the City evaluate changes in Mill Creek water elevations that may occur because of restoration and culvert replacement activities along Mill Creek. The City should continue its water level monitoring program at selected sites to collect data for the purposes described above. Because water level monitoring is less expensive than flow monitoring, a broader ongoing water level monitoring program is more practical. Water level monitoring equipment should be compatible with telemetric data systems such that each site can be integrated into the City’s telemetry system, wherever continuous power and data lines are available. Table 8-4 lists each of the recommended water level monitoring sites, purpose of the monitoring, recommended start year, and approximate duration of monitoring. Table 8-4. Proposed Water Level Monitoring Sites Site number Location Purpose Start year Approx. duration WL-Mill-01 Mill Creek at 37th St. NW Evaluate stages in Mill Creek and assess backwater effects on drainage system Ongoing since 2011 10 yearsa WL-Mill-02 Mill Creek at 29th St. NW Evaluate stages in Mill Creek and assess backwater effects on drainage system Ongoing since 2011 10 yearsa WL-Mill-03 Mill Creek at 15th St. NW Evaluate stages in Mill Creek and assess backwater effects on drainage system Ongoing since 2011 10 yearsa WL-Mill-04 Mill Creek at West Main St. Evaluate stages in Mill Creek and assess backwater effects on drainage system Ongoing since 2011 10 yearsa WL-Pond-17thSt 17th and A streets SE Monitor pond performance (water levels and infiltration rates) Ongoing since 2010 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-21stSt 21st and D streets SE Monitor pond performance (water levels and infiltration rates) Ongoing since 2011 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-RiverN Riverwalk Dr. SE and U St. SE Monitor pond performance (water levels and infiltration rates) and evaluate capacity in support of analysis for potential problem area at Riverwalk and Howard Road 2015 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-LakeS1 Lakeland South Pond 1 Monitor water level to evaluate hazard risk (dam safety) 2015 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-LakeS2 Lakeland South Pond 2 Monitor water level to evaluate hazard risk (dam safety) 2015 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-LakeEP Lakeland East Pond Monitor water level to evaluate hazard risk (dam safety) 2015 Indefiniteb WL-Pond-Mill Mill Pond (Oravetz Rd. SE) Monitor water level to evaluate hazard risk (dam safety) 2015 Indefiniteb c. Based on need to examine backwater effects on system; if new capital improvements are identified for Mill Creek, additional years may be needed. d. To be continually reevaluated; if data indicate that stormwater pond is performing adequately or has low risk of failure, then monitoring could cease. Chapter 8 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 8-8 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx 8.2.4 Water Quality The current NPDES Permit, which is effective through 2018, includes provisions for monitoring and assessment of water quality. Permittees have the option of paying annual fees to participate in statewide monitoring programs, or developing individual monitoring programs to meet the requirement. The City notified Ecology in 2013 that it intends to participate in the statewide monitoring programs. By opting to participate in statewide monitoring programs, the City has agreed to pay program fees to Ecology. Fees totaling $47,710 are due annually, beginning in August 2014. Refer to Section S8 of the current NPDES Permit (Appendix A) for additional information. Programmatic Measures for NPDES Compliance 8.3 The City of Auburn is covered by the Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit (NPDES Permit). The Permit regulates stormwater discharges from the City’s MS4 (see Section 2.3.2). The current version of the Permit will remain in effect through July 2018, when a new version is due to be issued. The City is actively engaged in stormwater management activities to comply with the Permit, including the following: • SWMP administration • Public education and outreach • Public involvement and participation • IDDE • Control of runoff from new development, redevelopment, and construction sites • Municipal operations and maintenance • Monitoring and assessment The City maintains and annually updates its SWMP Plan, which documents new and ongoing stormwater management activities planned for the upcoming year. The current SWMP Plan is available on the City’s website. Updates to City codes, programs, and standards are required by the end of 2016 to comply with the current NPDES Permit. The City is engaging in a process to evaluate, plan, and implement necessary updates to City regulations and programs. The process will engage staff across City departments, the public, and elected officials to evaluate and determine updates. As part of the process, the City developed a Compliance Work Plan to outline and guide compliance activities over the current NPDES Permit term. A copy of the Compliance Work Plan is included as Appendix B. The compliance schedule for key requirements under the current NPDES Permit is shown in Figure 8-3. One of the key NPDES Permit requirements is adoption of an updated stormwater manual. To meet this requirement, the City may opt to update the Auburn SWMM to maintain equivalency with the 2012 Ecology Stormwater Management Manual for Western Washington. Alternatively, the City could adopt the Ecology manual or an approved equivalent stormwater manual developed by an NPDES Phase I jurisdiction (e.g., City of Tacoma). Potential updates to the SWMM represent a major effort for City staff, and would need to be planned for accordingly. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 8 8-9 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Figure 8-3. NPDES Compliance Schedule Future Staffing and Equipment Needs 8.4 During this planning effort, current Engineering and M&O staffing were reviewed in light of future activities that will need to be performed to maintain compliance with the NPDES Permit. M&O staffing and equipment were also reviewed in light of existing maintenance goals and future, additional M&O responsibilities. The following sections summarize the additional staffing, staffing responsibilities, and equipment needs for the Storm Drainage Utility. 8.4.1 Engineering Services This section discusses additional Engineering staffing responsibilities necessary to address requirements of the revised NPDES Permit and other identified storm drainage system deficiencies. Many of the new requirements of the NPDES Permit emphasize implementation of LID practices, such as minimizing impervious surfaces, native vegetation loss, and stormwater runoff. A majority of new development and redevelopment projects will be required to construct new types of onsite LID facilities, which will need to be inspected and maintained to ensure proper function. Under an NPDES Compliance planning effort, an estimate of the additional efforts required by the City to address NPDES Permit requirements was prepared (Appendix B). The need and timing of additional Engineering staff is summarized as follows: Chapter 8 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 8-10 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • In 2016, existing staff will need to accomplish the following NPDES compliance activities: − Update public guidance material and checklists to align with new City/NPDES Permit requirements − Develop procedures for public LID facility maintenance and oversight of private facilities − Update or adopt the Stormwater Manual to meet requirements − Develop City planning methods and update ACC to meet new Permit requirements for stormwater, including new runoff control requirements thresholds, BMP performance standards, and LID requirements − Update the City Comprehensive Plan related to implementation of LID principles that could affect elements beyond stormwater management implementation such as LOSs, setbacks, zoning densities, etc. • By 2017, it is estimated that additional staff (1.15 FTEs) will be needed for NPDES compliance activities: − Inspect new LID facilities regularly, and purchase and maintain associated field instruments required to perform inspections (1 FTE). Depending on the level of future development, additional staff beyond 1 FTE may be required. − Define and organize LID asset classification, coordinate/update maintenance tracking methods, and track and record maintenance of stormwater assets (0.1 FTE). − 0.05 FTE to update public education and outreach materials to include additional target audiences, evaluate program effectiveness, and conduct regional coordination (0.05 FTE). Additional staffing needs described above and their associated costs, assuming an FTE annual salary and benefits are $93,000, are summarized in Table 8-5. Table 8-5. Future Engineering Services Staffing Needs Additional Engineering Services activity Staff needs (in 2017) Cost LID facility inspector to inspect new LID facilities regularly, and purchase and maintain associated field instruments required to perform inspections. Depending on the level of future development, additional staff beyond 1 FTE may be required. 1 FTE $93,000 Define and organize LID asset classification, coordinate/update maintenance tracking methods, and track and record maintenance of stormwater assets. 0.1 FTE $9,300 Update public education and outreach materials to include additional target audiences, evaluate program effectiveness, and conduct regional coordination. 0.05 FTE $4,650 2017 total cost $106,950 8.4.2 M&O Services The M&O staffing required to efficiently manage, operate, and maintain the storm drainage system was evaluated in Chapter 6. The analysis indicates that the Storm Drainage Utility is appropriately staffed with respect to meeting proactive City goals for current M&O activities. Additional staff and equipment, however, will be needed to meet NPDES Permit requirements and other anticipated future work (see Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 8 8-11 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Section 6.6.2). Future M&O staffing requirements are described in Section 6.6.2 and summarized in Table 8-6. Table 8-6. Future Maintenance and Operations Staffing Needs Additional M&O activity FTE days required annually Assumptions/City goal Drainage ditch and stormwater pond maintenance and restoration Drainage ditch maintenance and restoration 216 Six-person crew for 36 days during the summer months. Stormwater pond restoration 330 Six-person crew for 55 days during the summer months. Other stormwater M&O activities Cartegraph tracking and reporting 111 Approximately 0.5 FTE (1 FTE shared with Sewer and Water utilities). LID inspection and maintenance 104 One day per week. Two-person crew. Total 761 Total number of working days available per FTE 221 365 minus weekends (104), holidays (12), vacation (15), sick (12), and training (1). Number of additional FTEs required 3.4 761 days required divided by 221 days per FTE year. Based upon discussions with City staff and analysis of M&O activities discussed in Chapter 6, the Storm Drainage Utility should obtain or upgrade the following utility equipment to improve M&O efficiency: • CCTV inspection equipment • Excavator for ditch and stormwater pond maintenance Continue Implementation of Best Practices for Asset Management 8.5 The 6-year CIP focuses mainly on existing flooding problems where recent storm events have revealed deficiencies in the drainage system. The capital improvement projects are designed to mitigate flooding in these areas and are expected to provide immediate benefits. As current problems are addressed in the near term, the focus of the CIP can begin to shift from a reactive program to a more proactive program, where repair or replacement of storm drainage assets can be prioritized according to the optimal timing for interventions. Ultimately, this process will allow the City to meet customer service levels, effectively manage risks, and minimize the City’s costs of ownership. The following sections present recommendations for future and ongoing asset management activities for the Storm Drainage Utility. Section 8.5 is divided into the following five sub-sections: • Section 8.5.1 discusses the continued development of the system inventory. • Section 8.5.2 provides a discussion about ways to optimize the M&O program through criticality- based strategies and use of the CMMS. • Section 8.5.3 discusses economic life model improvements • Section 8.5.4 provides a discussion about ways to optimize the M&O and R&R programs with the economic life model. • Section 8.5.5 summarizes additional M&O activities identified during the M&O evaluations 8.5.1 Continue System Inventory A comprehensive system inventory is needed for many reasons, including: • Understanding existing problems Chapter 8 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 8-12 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • Developing strategies to address existing problems • Conducting analysis to support detailed design of capital improvement projects • Prioritizing maintenance activities • Budgeting and developing a schedule for R&R A system inventory includes documenting at a minimum the location, size, length, material, depth, condition, and maintenance history of all drainage assets. The magnitude of the system inventory effort is quite large and the City has made great strides in updating its inventory through dedicated survey staff. Staff have been working throughout the city, quarter section by quarter section. Even though significant progress has been made, of the 137 quarter sections covering the City’s storm drainage system, only 32 (about 25 percent) have been inventoried. An additional 11 (8 percent) are in progress. Therefore, it is recommended that the data inventory task be continued as part of future activities, and that the inventory be continually updated to reflect additional data collected during maintenance activities (i.e., condition assessment and frequency of maintenance activities) and drainage system changes through capital improvement projects. 8.5.2 Implement Economic Life Model Using Cartegraph Data An economic life model containing data for the City’s stormwater drainage pipes was developed as part of the 2009 Drainage Plan. The model predicts a probability and a cost of failure for each pipe segment. The model calculates the risk cost of an asset by multiplying the probability of the asset failing by the cost of that asset failing. By comparing the risk cost of each segment to the minimum annualized cost of ownership for an intervention, the optimal economic timing for either rehabilitation or replacing each segment is calculated. A detailed description of the economic life analysis is provided in the 2009 Drainage Plan. Evaluations completed for this Drainage Plan consisted of developing a software requirement specification (SRS) describing the requirements and calculations required to implement the economic life model for the City’s stormwater collection system using Cartegraph CMMS as a primary data source (Brown and Caldwell, 2014). Following the SRS, the City should implement the economic life model as well as the mode improvements described in Section 8.5.3. With continual updates of the internal data into Cartegraph (as described in Section 8.5.1), the model will continue to improve and become more useful for guiding maintenance and R&R activities, as described in Section 8.5.4. 8.5.3 Economic Life Model Improvements The results from the economic life model are only as accurate as the inputs. Therefore, after implementing the model, improving the accuracy of the information on which the model is built is the focus for future efforts. The data input improvements can be organized into the following three groups of information: • Need for additional infrastructure information: The economic life model is based on data describing the current conditions of stormwater infrastructure. The completeness and accuracy of these input data (see Section 8.5.1) are crucial to the usefulness of the economic life-cycle analysis results. • Cost assumptions: Continually verifying and customizing cost information for spot repairs costs (as a function of depth of bury and pipe location), as well as social and environmental costs (i.e., impact of a pipe failure on traffic) will ensure that the model calculates accurate intervention timings and that cost projections represent an accurate spending program for the Storm Drainage Utility. • Failure assumptions: The probability of failure used in the economic life model presumes that the City’s segments will fail in a manner described by a specific type of statistical distribution. Such a statistical distribution can be customizable to meet a variety of conditions that influence failure (i.e. asset age, pipe material); however, verifying the parameters used to describe the distribution will Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 8 8-13 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx require information on actual failure rates. With this information, the probability function can be customized specifically to the Storm Drainage Utility and will better predict optimal intervention timing. In addition to updates to the pipe model, the model could be expanded to include catch basins and manholes. Including catch basins and manholes in the economic life model will allow M&O staff to identify those facilities with the highest potential cost of failure and that represent the greatest risk to the City, and to better identify which catch basins and manholes are nearing the end of their useful life, allowing M&O staff to better focus their maintenance activities. The information provided by the model (through maintenance records) may help to confirm to Ecology that less frequent catch basin inspections, cleaning and maintenance are sufficient, as compared to the biennial inspections required by the NPDES Permit. Generally, the approach and calculations used by the model apply equally to catch basins and manholes. However, additional work, as described in the SRS, must be performed to determine the values for some model parameters. 8.5.4 Maintenance and R&R Prioritization Once the data inventory is complete, and the economic life model is implemented, the City can use the model to estimate and evaluate the risk cost associated with each of its drainage pipe segments, catch basins, and manholes. The model can be used to evaluate the condition of this infrastructure and identify predictive maintenance and R&R needs. Maintenance activities can be prioritized to focus on the assets for which the City is carrying the majority of its risk. The risk provides justification for focused conditional assessment activities (e.g., CCTV inspections) as part of a risk-based maintenance strategy. In general, risk-based maintenance strategies recommend predictive maintenance and risk mitigation practices for high-risk assets; preventive and routine maintenance for medium-risk assets; and routine maintenance, less-frequent, or even a “run-to- failure” approach for low risk assets. R&R budget and long-term rate forecasting can be developed, and a business case validation can be made for each segment intervention. The model results can be sorted in multiple ways to develop specific R&R needs such as a prioritized intervention list. The model’s benefit/cost ratio can be used to identify interventions that would result in the greatest savings for the lowest price. As multiple segments become due for intervention, the benefit/cost ratio can be used as a means to prioritize where finite R&R funds are spent. As the benefit/cost ratio tends to favor segments that are the most likely to fail (i.e., old segments with poor condition scores) and relatively inexpensive to intervene (e.g., short, small- diameter segments), using cost of failure for segments due for intervention would provide an alternative project priority list. Model results will identify intervention timing for all segments, but high-cost of failure segments (e.g., larger pipes that are expensive to replace) could potentially show lower on an R&R priority list using only benefit/cost. 8.5.5 M&O Activities In addition to the identified staffing and equipment needs described in Section 8.4, the following M&O opportunities are available to improve existing activities: • M&O staff are integral to the continual update to the system inventory described in Section 8.5.1. As they perform maintenance activities they should continue to update infrastructure attributes stored in Cartegraph. • The City should continue the implementation of the NASSCO PACP MACP certified inspection programs to allow integration of inspection and condition assessment results with Cartegraph. The Chapter 8 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 8-14 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx City should provide staff training to ensure assessment consistency including documentation using defined criteria such as leaks/cracks observed, cleanliness, and other specific measures. • All M&O repair projects should be constructed to established City engineering standards to ensure best practices are being used. It is also recommended that the City develop a more formal procedure for tracking M&O repair projects to ensure that as-built and Cartegraph records are updated when projects are completed. Recommendations for Additional Activities 8.6 The following sections present recommendations for additional activities for the Storm Drainage Utility. Section 8.6 is divided into the following three sub-sections: • Section 8.6.1 prescribes an easement review and acquisition program. • Section 8.6.2 presents a recommendation that a risk assessment be conducted to evaluate the vulnerability of Storm Drainage Utility assets. • Section 8.6.3 presents recommendations for developing and incorporating sustainability goals with utility activities. 8.6.1 Develop Easement Review and Acquisition Program As the City implements this Drainage Plan, it needs to develop a process to ensure that it can meet the LOS goal related to having access to City-owned facilities for M&O activities. While developing this plan, a number of drainage issues were evaluated in the West Hill area, which was annexed from King County in 2008. The City’s drainage network in this area consists mostly of ditches and culverts. Some of these are located outside of the right-of-way and cross private property without easements. As the data inventory for the annexation areas is completed, the City will likely identify more potential easement gaps. The City should develop a program to identify where easements are needed, and work with the property owners to obtain easements. 8.6.2 Risk Assessment/Asset Vulnerability Analysis Asset life-cycle analyses described in Section 8.5 examine risk to individual assets, which focus on small- scale modes of failure (e.g., pipe breakage). However, Storm Drainage Utility assets are also vulnerable to failure caused by wide-scale events such as natural disasters. A utility must also consider these risks and take action to mitigate those risks where feasible. Such actions could be in the form of capital improvements or utility programs. The City should conduct a vulnerability analysis on the entire storm drainage system to examine the potential for natural disasters such as flood, erosion, earthquake, or volcanic activity to cause system failures. The associated probabilities of failure should be weighed with the consequences of failure to determine if action is necessary and to identify appropriate mitigation measures. The proposed mitigation measures should be documented in a plan and should be weighed alongside other capital commitments for prioritization. 8.6.3 Incorporate Sustainability As the City implements this Drainage Plan, a need to prioritize projects and activities in a repeatable, defensible manner will emerge. This process will need to have a standard method for evaluating all of the LOS goals listed in Chapter 3, including goals related to sustainability. Under the “protection of the environment” policy category in Table 3-1, the City has a policy to evaluate Storm Drainage Utility activities to emphasize sustainability. The goal associated with this policy is to identify specific areas to measure sustainability by examining how Storm Drainage Utility operations affect energy resources, natural resources, and the community. The examples provided include items Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 8 8-15 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx such as weighing energy consumption impacts and costs during capital project development, selecting biodegradable and locally produced cleaning and maintenance products, protecting or restoring native soils and vegetation, structuring maintenance and other activities to minimize vehicle miles traveled, and improving communication with stakeholders and the public. However, quantifying these goals and effectively using information in decision making can be challenging. Traditionally, public works projects are evaluated on initial capital investments and the annual costs of M&O. A project’s environmental and community benefits and costs are typically discussed, but in many instances the “hard” costs of capital and M&O are the overriding decision criteria. By more rigorously including environmental and community benefits and costs in the decision process through sustainability analyses, projects and utility operations can be evaluated in a manner that truly considers the full cost of ownership. The following actions are recommended to develop and incorporate sustainability goals within the Storm Drainage Utility. Define Sustainability. Sustainability means different things to different people and organizations. The United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development defined sustainable development as “development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.” Sustainable Seattle defines sustainability as the long-term health and vitality of a region, including the cultural, economic, environmental, and social aspects as one whole. Sustainability is often described as the careful and efficient use of natural, cultural, and financial resources in ways that improve the quality of life for communities without depleting the environment. To develop specific and actionable goals around sustainability, it is important for the Storm Drainage Utility to develop its own definition of the concept. Develop Sustainability Goals. The challenge for the decision maker is to take a general definition and create discernible criteria that can be described and compared in a supportable way and used to make defensible decisions. The City should strive to provide specific metrics around the specific sustainability goals it would like to accomplish (e.g., for a goal of minimizing vehicle miles traveled, a specific metric would be to reduce vehicle travel by 20 percent; or for a goal to protect native vegetation, a specific metric would be retain and protect 40–60 percent of open space on new development sites). Establish a Method of Evaluation. Once LOS metrics are defined, projects and activities can be evaluated, compared, and prioritized. The City should develop or adopt a consistent and repeatable method for evaluating projects and activities. A recommended approach would be to develop an evaluation process that builds upon the concept of life-cycle costing by also including consideration and quantification, in economic terms, of environmental and community impacts to determine the full cost of a specific alternative. Such a quantitative approach considers environmental and community risks and costs, which provides economic support for a decision at the management and policy level. Other evaluation options could include a sustainability checklist, measuring a project or operations capacity to meet individual sustainability goals, or tools such as the Institute for Sustainable Infrastructure Envision rating system, which is a planning and design framework for measuring and incorporating sustainability into infrastructure projects, or SalmonSafe, which assesses and certifies projects for water quality protection. These types of tools look beyond monetized costs and benefits to provide both quantitative and qualitative assessments of the environmental and community impacts of infrastructure projects. Other sustainability tools and project certification or evaluation processes are also available, or the City could develop its own evaluation process specific to its sustainability goals and the Storm Drainage Utility’s projects and operations. The above-described actions provide a mechanism for incorporating sustainability into Storm Drainage Utility projects and activities. Investigations are conducted to evaluate projects and activities with respect to LOS criteria and metrics. Gaps are identified and alternatives are developed for reducing or eliminating those gaps. Alternatives can be evaluated, compared, and ranked through a life-cycle Chapter 8 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 8-16 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx present value benefit/cost analysis, considering not only budgetary impacts but also risks, environmental considerations, and societal costs and benefits. By applying a repeatable, defensible process that includes environmental and community factors, the City can prioritize projects and activities based on both full costs of ownership and a project’s ability to meet or exceed LOS sustainability requirements. 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2035 1. West Main Street Pump Station Upgrade 2. 37th and I Streets NW Storm Improvements 3. Hillside Drainage Assessment 4A. 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 2 4B. 30th Street NE Area Flooding, Phase 3 5A. West Hills Drainage Improvements at S 330th St. & 46th Pl. S 5B. West Hills Drainage Improvements near S 3114th St. & 54th Ave. S 6. North Airport Area Improvements 7. D St. SE Storm Improvements 9. Composting Facility 10. Storm Drainage Infrastructure Repair & Replacement 11. Street Utility Improvements Q1Q2Q3Q4 Pipe 1011-C1086_1011-C1137 Pipe 1011-C1452_1011-C1453 Culvert 1111-C1469_1111-C1470 Catch basin 1012-C688 Pipe 1012-C690_1012-C689 Pipe 1010-C3_1010-C29 Pipe 1010-B220_1010-B221 WL-Mill-01,02,03,04. Mill Creek Profile WL-Pond-17thSt. 17th and A Streets SE WL-Pond-21stSt. 21st and D Streets SE WL-Pond-RiverN. Riverwalk Dr. SE and U St. SE WL-Pond-LakeS1, -LakeS2, -LakeEP& -Mill Detailed 6-year CIP Time Frame Annual inspections of City-approved facilities constructed under terms of permit Adopt 2012 Ecology Manual or equivalent manual Measure effectiveness of public outreach En d o f N P D E S Pe r m i t Establish specific sustainability goals and standards Continue system inventory Conduct new economic life-cycle analyses Implement economic life-model using Cartegraph data Implement additional M&O activities Develop easement review and acquisition program Remaining 20-year CIP Summary Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4Q1Q2Q3Q4 IMPLEMENTATION PLAN ACTIVITIES TIMELINE City of Auburn Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Additional Activities (Section 8.5) NPDES Compliance (Section 8.3) Monitoring (Section 8.2) CIP (Section 8.1) Data feed Activity (may start before 2016) K E Y Risk assessment/asset vulnerability analysis Complete one inspection of each catch basin Review & update operations, maintenance & inspections standards 8. 23rd St. SE Drainage Improvements Phase 1 Phase 2 Pipe 809-C113_809-C112 Pipe 909-C122_909-C121 Pipe 810-C701_809-C18 Pipe 810-C15_810-C241 Pipe 810-C698_810-C16 Complete field screening for 40% of storm drainage system Complete field screening for 12% of storm drainage system annually Revise ACC to reflect IDDE changes Compile and submit a summary of LID review and revision process Post SWMP documents to website annually Review, revise & adopt local development codes, standards, & policies to require LID Phase 1 Phase 2 Timing dependent on project to be implemented in 2015 9-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 9 Finance The objective of the financial plan is to identify the total cost of providing storm drainage service and to provide a financial program that allows the Storm Drainage Utility to remain financially viable during execution of the identified CIP. This viability analysis considers the historical financial condition of the Storm Drainage Utility, the sufficiency of Storm Drainage U tility revenues to meet current and future financial and policy obligations, and the financial impact of executing the CIP. Furthermore, the financial plan provides a review of the Storm Drainage Utility’s rate structure with respect to rate adequacy and customer affordability. Past Financial Performance 9.1 This section includes a historical (2008–13) summary of financial performance as reported by the City of Auburn on the statement of revenues, expenses, and changes in net position and the statement of net position, specific to the Storm Drainage Utility. 9.1.1 Statement of Revenues, Expenses, and Changes in Net Position Table 9-1 shows a consolidated statement of revenues, expenses, and changes in net position for the period 2008–13. Operating income (including depreciation expense) was positive in 2010, 2011, and 2013. Operating income grew from an operating loss of $29,000 in 2008 to an operating income of $863,000 in 2013. Furthermore, from 2008 to 2013 operating revenues grew by over $3 million, which represents a 59 percent increase. This increase outpaced operating expenses by 18 percent. Depreciation is a non-cash expenditure, so even though operating income has been negative in some years, operating cash flow was positive every year. A few key financial ratios are discussed below. Unless otherwise noted, the stated benchmarks are based on industry standards. • M&O coverage ratio (operating revenues divided by operating expenses): − Benchmark: A ratio of 1.0 or higher is a desirable result, indicative of sufficient revenues to meet cash operating expenses as well as to cover depreciation expense. − Results: From 2008 through 2013, the ratio has ranged from 0.9 to 1.1, which is a positive result overall. • Operating ratio (total operating expenses excluding depreciation divided by total operating revenues): − Benchmark: A ratio greater than 90 percent indicates that there is little room for new debt service and capital replacement without additional rate increases. A ratio greater than 100 percent indicates that cash operating expenses exceed operating revenues and is indicative of an unsustainable financial condition. − Results: From 2008 through 2013, the ratio has ranged from 71 percent to 86 percent, which is a positive result in every year. • Debt service coverage ratio (operating and interest revenues less M&O expenses excluding depreciation, divided by annual debt service): Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-2 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx − Benchmark: Revenue bonds typically have a legal minimum coverage requirement of 1.25. − Results: From 2008 through 2013, the coverage ratio has ranged from 3.2 to 10.8, each year well above the benchmark. The Storm Drainage Utility has used revenue bond debt only in this historical period; state loans have not been used. Table 9-1. Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Fund Net Position 9.1.2 Statement of Net Position Table 9-2 shows the consolidated statement of net position for the period 2008–13. Table 9-2. Statement of Net Position Table 9-1. Statement of Revenues, Expenses and Changes in Fund Net Position 200820092010201120122013 OPERATING REVENUES: Charges for services 5,159,389$ 6,000,761$ 6,441,726$ 6,938,375$ 7,479,580$ 8,184,303$ Other Operating Revenue 997 102 272 - - - Total Operating Revenues 5,160,386 6,000,863 6,441,998 6,938,375 7,479,580 8,184,303 OPERATING EXPENSES: Operations and Maintenance 1,551,406 2,186,976 1,727,711 1,923,604 3,123,618 2,113,050 Administration 1,979,083 2,298,330 2,428,345 2,746,980 2,641,157 2,919,570 Depreciation/Amortization 1,241,980 1,087,555 1,088,529 1,278,402 1,456,342 1,529,701 Other Operating Expenses 417,130 535,284 585,743 646,871 704,221 759,178 Total Operating Expenses 5,189,599 6,108,145 5,830,328 6,595,857 7,925,338 7,321,499 OPERATING INCOME(LOSS)(29,213) (107,282) 611,670 342,518 (445,758) 862,804 NON OPERATING REVENUE (EXPENSES) Interest Revenue 295,975 60,479 47,875 20,865 18,299 20,944 Other Non-Operating Revenue 77,300 1,047,703 172,791 511,617 803,570 356,010 Interest Expense (37,224) (25,120) (271,964) (133,448) (99,496) (351,913) Other Non-Operating Expenses - (1,141,807) (892,089) (22,716) (895) (53,055) Total Non-Operating Revenue (expenses)336,051 (58,745) (943,387) 376,318 721,478 (28,014) INCOME(LOSS) BEFORE CONTRIBUTIONS AND TRANSFERS 306,838 (166,027) (331,717) 718,836 275,720 834,790 CAPITAL CONTRIBUTIONS 920,944 750,141 1,727,140 6,193,834 1,966,564 1,033,128 TRANSFERS IN - - - - - TRANSFERS OUT (159,100) (138,000) (59,580) (96,800) (50,000) (124,000) Changes in Net Position 1,068,682 446,114 1,335,843 6,815,870 2,192,284 1,743,918 Net Position, January 1, as Previously Reported 38,105,695 39,174,377 39,620,491 40,956,334 47,772,204 49,964,488 Change in Accounting Principle (21,471) Net Position, January 1, as Restated - - - - - 49,943,017 Net Position, December 31 39,174,377 39,620,491 40,956,334 47,772,204 49,964,488 51,686,935 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-3 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 9-2. Statement of Net Position 2008200920102011 20122013 ASSETS Current Assets Cash and Cash Equivalents 6,328,751$ 3,902,561$ 2,783,583$ 6,693,599$ 7,954,723$ 8,894,035$ Investments 1,052,500 1,017,813 2,510,325 - - 997,290 Restricted Cash Bond Payments 442,329 95,746 348,279 357,864 473,264 829,406 Customer Deposits - - - - - - Other 479,991 425,608 4,451,444 2,128,832 1,413,688 5,726,428 Customer Accounts 720,823 733,644 795,710 855,486 923,999 931,782 Other Receivables 4,521 4,521 4,627 - - 955 Due From Other Governmental Units - 1,019,200 90,608 444,779 705,853 222,677 Inventories 8,764 11,831 7,880 7,299 5,533 7,566 Total Current Assets 9,037,679 7,210,924 10,992,456 10,487,859 11,477,060 17,610,139 Non Current Assets Long Term Contracts and Notes - - - - - - Capital Assets Land 5,686,254 5,686,254 5,686,254 5,686,254 5,686,254 5,686,254 Buildings and Equipment 201,255 297,853 201,254 201,254 201,254 219,214 Improvements Other Than Buildings 38,271,397 38,697,313 44,739,930 50,815,888 55,581,417 56,162,320 Construction in Progress 808,357 4,027,852 755,866 3,403,168 1,083,761 2,922,064 Less: Accumulated Depreciation (12,887,006) (13,974,561) (15,057,455) (16,335,857) (17,792,199) (19,321,900) Total Capital Assets ( Net of A/D)32,080,257 34,734,711 36,325,849 43,770,707 44,760,487 45,667,952 Total Non-Current Assets 32,080,257 34,734,711 36,325,849 43,770,707 44,760,487 45,667,952 Total Assets 41,117,936 41,945,635 47,318,305 54,258,566 56,237,547 63,278,091 LIABILITIES Current Liabilities Current Payables 218,480 931,383 333,818 522,001 393,826 657,995 Current Deposits - - - - - - Loans Payable-Current - - - - - - Employee Leave Benefits-Current 92,777 143,232 122,244 136,131 149,928 168,396 Revenue Bonds Payable-Current 398,500 71,500 75,400 79,300 198,705 405,186 General Obligation Bonds Payable-Current - - - - - Accrued Interest 43,829 24,246 272,879 278,564 274,559 424,221 Deposits - - - - - - Total Current Liabilities 753,586 1,170,361 804,341 1,015,996 1,017,018 1,655,798 Non Current Liabilities Unearned Revenue 597,204 597,204 597,204 597,204 597,204 597,204 Employee Leave Benefits 11,443 47,338 63,911 61,793 52,017 50,214 Loans Payable - - - - - - Revenue Bonds Payable 581,326 510,241 4,896,515 4,811,369 4,606,820 9,287,940 General Obligation Bonds Payable - - - - - - Total Non Current Liabilities 1,189,973 1,154,783 5,557,630 5,470,366 5,256,041 9,935,358 Total Liabilities 1,943,559 2,325,144 6,361,971 6,486,362 6,273,059 11,591,156 NET ASSETS Invested In Capital Assets, Net of Related Debt 31,100,432 34,152,970 34,942,276 40,145,011 40,504,264 35,974,826 Restricted for: Debt Service 179,991 221,354 800,751 810,336 925,485 1,605,820 Capital Projects - - - - - 4,537,224 Rate Stabilization - 300,000 410,629 411,386 412,165 412,791 Unrestricted 7,893,954 4,946,167 4,802,678 6,405,471 8,122,574 9,156,274 Total Net Position 39,174,377$ 39,620,491$ 40,956,334$ 47,772,204$ 49,964,488$ 51,686,935$ Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-4 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx This statement shows that the City’s net storm drainage assets, which measures the cost of assets (net of depreciation) remaining after liabilities are paid, increased from $39.2 million to $51.7 million over the 2008–13 time period; this represents a 32 percent increase. This includes an overall increase in the current assets from $9 million in 2008 to $17.6 million in 2013, which represents a 95 percent increase. Cash and cash equivalents have increased by $2.6 million over this same period. Non-current assets, which represent assets required for use or consumption beyond 1 year, have seen a 42 percent increase, from $32.1 million in 2008 to $45.7 million in 2013. A more detailed look at the change in capital assets over this period reveals that improvements other than buildings have increased by nearly $18 million, which represents a 47 percent increase. Construction in progress has increased by $2.1 million during this same time period. A few key financial ratios are discussed below. Unless otherwise noted, the stated benchmarks are based on industry standards. Liquidity • Current ratio (unrestricted current assets divided by current liabilities): − Benchmark: A ratio of 2.0 or higher is considered good in terms of healthy liquidity. The current ratio is a measure of short-term financial strength and answers the question: Are current assets able to cover expected current liabilities in the coming year? − Results: From 2008 through 2013, the current ratio has ranged from 4.2 to 9.8, well above the recommended benchmark in each year. Efficiency • Accounts receivable collection period (customer receivables on balance sheet x 365 days then divided by annual sales): − Benchmark: Generally, less than 30 days is considered very good. − Results: Decreased from 51 days in 2008 to 42 days in 2013. This is a positive trend. Capital Structure • Debt to net capital assets ratio (total outstanding debt divided by capital assets net of accumulated depreciation): − Benchmark: For utilities, having a capital structure of at least 40 percent equity and less than 60 percent debt is considered a healthy capital structure, with adequate future borrowing capacity and a manageable debt service burden. The City’s capital structure policy is even more conservative: 50 percent debt and 50 percent equity. − Results: Increased from 3 percent debt in 2008 to 21 percent debt in 2013. The ratio increased from 11 percent in 2012 to 21 percent in 2013 resulting from the 2013 CIP Revenue Bond. Despite this increase, this ratio is still well within both the industry and City benchmarks for maximum outstanding debt. 9.1.3 Outstanding Debt Principal Table 9-3 outlines the City’s outstanding debt principal as of the end of 2013. The Storm Drainage Utility has three outstanding revenue bonds. The total outstanding principal on these bonds is $9.2 million. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-5 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 9-3. Outstanding Debt Available Capital Funding Resources 9.2 Feasible long-term capital funding strategies should be defined to ensure that adequate resources are available to fund the CIP identified in this Plan. In addition to the Storm Drainage Utility’s resources such as accumulated cash reserves, capital revenues, bond proceeds, and SDCs, capital needs can also be met from outside sources such as grants, low-interest loans, and other debt financing. The following is a summary of internal Storm Drainage Utility resources, government programs and resources, and public debt financing. 9.2.1 Internal Utility Resources Storm Drainage Utility resources appropriate for funding capital needs include accumulated cash in the capital “account,” bond proceeds, and capital revenues, such as SDCs. Capital-related revenues are discussed below. 9.2.1.1 Utility Funds and Cash Reserves User charges (rates) paid by the Storm Drainage Utility’s customers are the primary funding source for all Storm Drainage Utility activities. The rates cover total annual costs associated with operating and maintaining the system. Rates can pay for capital improvement projects in two ways: either paying for debt service or directly paying for capital projects. Although funding the capital costs directly through rates does not result in the additional interest expense associated with issuing debt, this approach can cause large and/or volatile rate increases. 9.2.1.2 System Development Charges An SDC, as provided for by RCW 35.92.025, refers to a one-time charge imposed on new customers as a condition of connection to the Storm Drainage Utility system. The purpose of the SDC is twofold: (1) to promote equity between new and existing customers, and (2) to provide a source of revenue to fund capital projects. Equity is served by providing a vehicle for new customers to share the cost of infrastructure investment. SDC revenues provide a source of cash flow used to support Storm Drainage Utility capital needs; revenue can be used only to fund Storm Drainage Utility capital projects or to pay debt service incurred to finance those projects. In the absence of an SDC, growth-related capital costs would be borne in large part by existing customers. In addition, the net investment in the Storm Drainage Utility already collected from existing customers, whether through rates, charges, and/or assessments, would be diluted by the addition of new customers, effectively subsidizing new customers with prior customers’ payments. To establish equity, an SDC should recover a proportionate share of the existing and future infrastructure costs from a new customer. From a financial perspective, a new customer should become financially equivalent to an existing customer by paying the SDC. Table 9-4 summarizes the City’s current SDC schedule. Table 9-3. Outstanding Debt Debt Description Principal Outstanding Maturity Year 2005 Refinance Revenue Bond 265,200$ 2016 2010 CIP Revenue Bonds 4,255,888$ 2030 2013 CIP Revenue Bonds 4,653,600$ 2032 Total 9,174,688$ Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-6 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 9-4. Current System Development Charge Schedule 9.2.1.3 Local Facilities Charge While an SDC is the manner by which new customers pay their share of general facilities costs, local facilities funding is used to pay the cost of local facilities that connect each property to the system infrastructure. Local facilities funding is often overlooked in a rate forecast because it is funded up front either by connecting customers or developers, or through an assessment to properties—but never from rates. Although these funding mechanisms do not provide a capital revenue source toward funding CIP costs, a discussion of these charges is included in this chapter because of their impact on new customers. Several mechanisms can be considered toward funding local facilities. One of the following scenarios typically occurs: • The Storm Drainage Utility charges a connection fee based on the cost of the local facilities (under the same authority as the SDC) • A developer funds extension of the system to its development and turns those facilities over to the Storm Drainage Utility (contributed capital) • A local assessment is set up called a utility local improvement district (ULID), which collects tax revenue from benefited properties A local facilities charge (LFC) is a variation of the SDC authorized through RCW 35.92.025. It is a city- imposed charge to recover the cost related to service extension to local properties. Often called a front- footage charge and imposed on the basis of footage of main “fronting” a particular property, it is usually implemented as a reimbursement mechanism to a city for the cost of a local facility that directly serves a property. It is a form of connection charge and, as such, can accumulate up to 10 years of interest. It typically applies in instances where no developer-installed facilities are needed through developer extension because of the prior existence of available mains already serving the developing property. The developer extension is a requirement that a developer install onsite and sometimes offsite improvements as a condition of extending service. These are in addition to the SDC required and must be built to city standards. The city is authorized to enter into developer extension agreements under RCW 35.91.020. Part of the agreement between the city and the developer for the developer to extend service might include a latecomer agreement, resulting in a latecomer charge to new connections to the developer extension. Latecomer charges are a variation of developer extensions whereby a new customer connecting to a developer-installed improvement makes a payment to the city based on their share of the developers cost (RCW 35.91.020). The city passes this on to the developer that installed the facilities. This is part of the developer extension process, and defines the allocation of costs and records latecomer obligations on the title of affected properties. No interest is allowed, and the reimbursement agreement is in effect for a period of 20 years, unless a longer duration is approved by the city. ULID is another mechanism for funding infrastructure that assesses benefited properties based on the special benefit received by the construction of specific facilities (RCW 35.43.042). Most often used for local facilities, some ULIDs also recover related general facilities costs. Substantial legal and procedural requirements can make this process relatively expensive, and there are mechanisms by which a ULID Table 9-4. Current System Development Charge Schedule Type SDC Single Family Residences & Duplexes (on Individual Parcels)$1,162 per Parcel Other Parcels $1,162 per Equivalent Service Unit Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-7 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx can be rejected by a majority of property ownership within the assessment district boundary. These instruments are not often used to finance storm drainage facilities because it has proved difficult to demonstrate required special benefit to properties to be assessed. 9.2.2 Government Programs and Resources This section outlines government programs and resources potentially available for financing. 9.2.2.1 Grants and Low-Cost Loans Overview Historically, federal and state grant programs were available to local utilities for capital funding assistance. However, these assistance programs have been mostly eliminated, substantially reduced in scope and amount, or replaced by loan programs. Remaining miscellaneous grant programs are generally lightly funded and heavily subscribed. Nonetheless, even the benefit of low-interest loans makes the effort of applying worthwhile. Grants and low-cost loans for Washington State utilities are available from various Washington State departments. Several grant and loan programs for which the City might be eligible are described in greater detail below. 9.2.2.2 Department of Commerce A September 2014 document from the Washington State Department of Commerce summarizes various loan and grant programs available for storm drainage projects (“Summary of Some Grant and Loan Programs for Drinking Water and Wastewater Projects,” found at http://www.commerce.wa.gov/Documents/9-2-14_multi-program_funding_program_summary.pdf. A few of those programs are described below. Community Economic Revitalization Board (CERB). CERB, a division of the Washington State Department of Commerce, offers primarily low-cost loans; grants are made available only to the extent that a loan is not reasonably possible. The CERB targets public facility funding for economically disadvantaged communities, specifically for job creation and retention. Priority criteria include unemployment rates, number of jobs created and/or retained, wage rates, projected private investment, and estimated state and local revenues generated by the project. According to its website, “CERB funds a variety of projects that create jobs including (but not limited to) domestic and industrial water, storm and sewer water projects, telecommunications and port facilities.” Eligible applicants include cities, towns, port districts, special purpose districts, federally recognized Indian tribes, and municipal corporations. Funding details for the 2013–15 Program are as follows per the Washington Commerce Department website: “$9 million was appropriated to CERB for the 2013–15 Biennium. By state law, CERB must award 75 percent of this funding to projects in rural counties. The Board has also allocated $2,182,500 to be available for construction and planning grants on a first-come, first-served basis.” Program Funding Limitations Committed Private Sector Partner Construction • $2 million per project load award limit • Up to $300,000 or 50% of total award, whichever is less, may be grant funds. • 20% cash match required (minimum, percent of total project cost) Prospective Development Construction Available to rural communities only. • $2 million per project load award limit • Up to $300,000 or 50% of total award, whichever is less, may be grant funds. • 20% cash match required (minimum, percent of total project cost) Planning/Economic Feasibility Studies • $50,000 grant per project award limit • 25% cash match required (minimum, percent of total project cost) Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-8 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Further details are available at: • http://www.commerce.wa.gov/commissions/CommunityEconomicRevitalizationBoard/ • http://www.commerce.wa.gov/Documents/2013-15_Policies.pdf • http://www.commerce.wa.gov/commissions/CommunityEconomicRevitalizationBoard/Pages/CERB- Traditional-Programs.aspx Public Works Board (PWB) Financial Assistance. The PWB’s goal is to provide community access to financial and technical resources that help sustain local infrastructure. Cities, towns, counties, and special-purpose districts are eligible to receive financial assistance for qualifying projects. When funding is available, the following tools are accessible: • Construction Loan Program (http://www.pwb.wa.gov/financial- assistance/Construction/Pages/default.aspx): − Funding cycle: Per the PWB website, the governor’s proposed 2015–17 budget offers $69.7 million for 19 projects. − Program description: Low-interest loans for local governments to finance public infrastructure construction and rehabilitation. Eligible projects must improve public health and safety, respond to environmental issues, promote economic development, or upgrade system performance. − Terms: For non-distressed communities, a term of 5 years or less has an interest rate of 1.28 percent and a term from 6 to 20 years has an interest rate of 2.55 percent. • Pre-Construction Loan Program (http://www.pwb.wa.gov/financial-assistance/Pre- Construction/Pages/default.aspx): − Funding cycle: No funding has been allocated to the pre-construction loan program for the 2013–15 biennium. − Program description: Local governments may apply for low-interest loans to finance pre- construction activities to prepare a project for construction. − Terms: Terms are limited to a 5-year repayment period (the loan term may be converted to 20 years once the project has secured construction funding) with a 1 percent interest rate. • Emergency Loan Program (http://www.pwb.wa.gov/financial-assistance/Emergency- Loan/Pages/default.aspx): − Funding cycle: No funding has been allocated to the Emergency Loan Program for the 2013–15 biennium. − Program description: The Emergency Loan Program provides funding to address public-works emergencies, thereby helping to provide immediate restoration of critical public-works services and facilities. − Terms: Funds are limited to $500,000 per jurisdiction per biennium, and come with a 20-year term (or the life of the project), and a 3 percent interest rate. No local match is required. • Energy and Water Efficiency (EWE) Loan Program (http://www.pwb.wa.gov/financial- assistance/Energy-Water/Pages/default.aspx): − Funding cycle: No funding has been allocated to the EWE Loan Program for the 2013–15 biennium. − Program description: The EWE Loan Program is designed to encourage energy, water, and efficiency upgrades to existing infrastructure by providing low-cost loans. − Terms: The maximum loan amount is $1 million. The interest rate is dependent upon the term of the loan. Loans less than 5 years receive a 0.50 percent interest rate. Loans between 5 and 10 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-9 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx years receive a 1 percent interest rate. Loans between 11 and 20 years receive a 1.50 percent interest rate. • Further general resources are available at: − http://www.pwb.wa.gov/financial-assistance/Pages/default.aspx − http://www.pwb.wa.gov/Documents/FINAL-MASTER-GUIDELINES.pdf − http://www.commerce.wa.gov/Documents/9-2-14_multi- program_funding_program_summary.pdf 9.2.2.3 Department of Ecology: Integrated Water Quality Funding Program This year, Ecology received 227 applications requesting more than $352 million in financial assistance. Ecology is proposing grant and loan funding for 165 projects totaling approximately $229 million. • State Water Pollution Control Revolving Fund and Centennial Clean Water Program − Design projects associated with publicly owned wastewater and stormwater facilities. The integrated program also funds planning and implementation of nonpoint source pollution control activities. Terms for State fiscal year 2016 include either 2.4 percent interest for 6–20-year term or 1.2 percent for 5-year term loans. Forgivable loan principal terms are available for distressed communities. − Further general resources are available at: http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/funding/cycles/FY2016/index.html • Stormwater Financial Assistance Program (SFAP) − Stormwater grant assistance is available for projects not required by permit. The SFAP is available for both cities and counties. The maximum grant award per jurisdiction is $250,000. − Further general resources are available at: • http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/funding/FundPrgms/OthPrgms/StWa12a/FY12aStW a.html • http://www.ecy.wa.gov/programs/wq/funding/Training/FY2016/SFY16ApplicantStormwate rSession.pdf 9.2.3 Public Debt Financing This section describes potentially available public debt financing tools. 9.2.3.1 General Obligation Bonds General obligation (GO) bonds are bonds secured by the full faith and credit of the issuing agency, committing all available tax and revenue resources to debt repayment. With this high level of commitment, GO bonds have relatively low interest rates and few financial restrictions. However, the authority to issue GO bonds is restricted in terms of the amount and use of the funds, as defined by Washington constitution and statute. Specifically, the amount of debt that can be issued is linked to assessed valuation. RCW 39.36.020 states: (ii) Counties, cities, and towns are limited to an indebtedness amount not exceeding one and one-half percent of the value of the taxable property in such counties, cities, or towns without the assent of three-fifths of the voters therein voting at an election held for that purpose. Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-10 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx (b) In cases requiring such assent counties, cities, towns, and public hospital districts are limited to a total indebtedness of two and one-half percent of the value of the taxable property therein. While bonding capacity can limit availability of GO bonds for utility purposes, these can sometimes play a valuable role in project financing. A rate savings may be realized through two avenues: the lower interest rate and related bond costs, and the extension of repayment obligation to all tax-paying properties (not just developed properties) through the authorization of an ad valorem property tax levy. 9.2.3.2 Revenue Bonds Revenue bonds are commonly used to fund utility capital improvements. The debt is secured by the revenues of the issuing utility and the debt obligation does not extend to the city’s other revenue sources. With this limited commitment, revenue bonds typically bear higher interest rates than GO bonds and also require security conditions related to the maintenance of dedicated reserves (a bond reserve) and financial performance (added bond debt service coverage). The City agrees to satisfy these requirements by ordinance as a condition of bond sale. Revenue bonds can be issued in Washington without a public vote. There is no bonding limit, except perhaps the practical limit of the utility’s ability to generate sufficient revenue to repay the debt and provide coverage. In some cases, poor credit might make issuing bonds problematic. 9.2.4 Capital Resource Funding Summary An ideal funding strategy would include the use of grants and low-cost loans when debt issuance is required. However, these resources are very limited and competitive in nature and do not provide a reliable source of funding for planning purposes. It is recommended that the City pursue these funding avenues but assume bond financing to meet needs above the Storm Drainage Utility’s available cash resources. GO bonds may be useful for special circumstances, but because bonding capacity limits are most often reserved for other City (non-Storm Drainage Utility) purposes, revenue bonds are a more secure financing mechanism for Storm Drainage Utility needs. The capital financing strategy developed to fund the updated CIP follows the funding priority below: 1. Available grant funds and/or developer contributions 2. Interest earnings on allocated fund balances 3. Other miscellaneous capital resources 4. Annual revenue collections from SDCs 5. Annual transfers of rate-funded capital or excess cash (above minimum balance targets) from operating accounts 6. Accumulated capital cash reserves 7. Revenue bond financing Financial Plan 9.3 The Storm Drainage Utility is an enterprise fund that is responsible for funding all of its related costs. It is not dependent upon general tax revenues or General Fund resources. The primary source of funding for the Storm Drainage Utility is collections from service charges. The City controls the LOS charges by ordinance and, subject to statutory authority, can adjust user charges as needed to meet financial objectives. The financial plan can provide a qualified assurance of financial feasibility only if it considers the “total system” costs of providing service—both operating and capital. To meet these objectives, the following elements are completed: Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-11 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • Capital funding plan: The capital funding plan identifies the total CIP obligations for the capital planning period 2014–35, although the Storm Drainage Utility’s capital plan in this Drainage Plan begins in 2016. The plan defines a strategy for funding the CIP including an analysis of available resources from rate revenues, existing reserves, SDCs, debt financing, and any special resources that may be readily available (e.g., grants, developer contributions, etc.). The capital funding plan impacts the financial plan through use of debt financing (resulting in annual debt service) and the assumed rate revenue resources available for capital funding. The capital funding plan is discussed in Section 9.3.3. • Financial forecast: This forecast identifies annual non-capital costs associated with the operation, maintenance, and administration of the system. Included in the financial plan is a reserve analysis that forecasts cash flow and fund balance activity along with testing for satisfaction of actual or recommended minimum fund balance policies. The financial plan ultimately evaluates the sufficiency of Storm Drainage Utility revenues in meeting all obligations, including operating expenses, debt service, and reserve contributions, as well as any debt service coverage requirements associated with long-term debt. The financial forecast analysis is discussed in Section 9.4. 9.3.1 Utility Fund Structure The City tracks the Storm Drainage Utility’s revenues and expenditures in a single fund: Fund 432. Conceptually, Storm Drainage Utility expenditures can be divided into three main types of costs: operating, capital, and debt service. For modeling purposes, it was assumed that the single fund for the Storm Drainage Utility is split among three “accounts”: operating, capital, and debt reserves). Municipal utilities commonly maintain separate operating, capital, and debt reserves. The initial allocation of the beginning fund balance is discussed in Section 9.4. • Operations: Serves as an operating account where operating revenues are deposited and operating expenses are paid. • Capital projects: Serves as a capital account where capital revenues are deposited and capital expenditures are paid. Examples of capital revenues include SDCs, grant proceeds, debt proceeds, and contributions from rates. • Restricted bond reserve: Serves as a restricted account set up to comply with revenue bond covenants. Splitting a single fund into three separate “accounts” allows the City to apply the City’s and industry standard reserve targets to each account. Minimum balance thresholds for these accounts are discussed in Section 9.3.2 below. 9.3.2 Financial Policies A brief summary of adopted or recommended financial policies for the Storm Drainage Utility is provided below. Adopted policies are drawn from the “Process/Policies” section within the City’s Adopted 2015– 16 budget. 9.3.2.1 Reserve Policies Utility reserves serve multiple functions: they can be used to address variability and timing of expenditures and receipts; occasional disruptions in activities, costs, or revenues; utility debt obligations; and many other functions. The collective use of individual reserves helps to limit the City’s exposure to revenue shortfalls, meet long-term capital obligations, and reduce the potential for bond coverage defaults. • Operating reserve: An operating reserve is designed to provide a liquidity cushion; it protects the utility from the risk of short-term variation in the timing of revenue collection or payment of Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-12 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx expenses. Like other types of reserves, operating reserves also serve another purpose: they help to smooth rate increases over time. Target funding levels for an operating reserve are generally expressed as a certain number of days of M&O expenses, with the minimum requirement varying with the expected revenue volatility. Industry practice for utility operating reserves ranges from 30 days (8 percent) to 120 days (33 percent) of M&O expenses, with the lower end more appropriate for utilities with stable revenue streams and the higher end of the range more appropriate for utilities with significant seasonal or consumption-based fluctuations. The City’s adopted policy states that the Storm Drainage Utility’s target operating reserves should be approximately 60 days (page 36, “Process/Policies”). This is the target assumed in the financial forecast. Based on the City’s 2015 budgeted expenditures (excluding depreciation), a 60-day target equates to $1.2 million. • Capital contingency reserve: A capital contingency reserve is cash set aside in case of an emergency should a piece of equipment or a portion of the Storm Drainage Utility’s infrastructure fail unexpectedly. The reserve could also be used for other unanticipated capital needs, including capital project cost overruns. Various approaches are used in the industry to set an appropriate level for this reserve, such as (1) choosing a percentage of a utility system’s total fixed assets, or (2) determining the cost of replacing highly critical assets or facilities. Following common industry practice, this analysis assumes a minimum capital fund balance equal to 1 percent of the original cost of plant in service. • Bond reserve: Bond covenants often establish reserve requirements as a means of protecting an agency against the risk of nonpayment. This bond reserve can be funded with cash on hand, but is more often funded at the time of borrowing as part of the bond principal. A reserve amount equal to annual debt service is targeted. 9.3.2.2 System Reinvestment Policies The purpose of system reinvestment funding is to provide for the ongoing rate funding for the replacement of system facilities. Each year, the Storm Drainage Utility assets lose value, and as they lose value they are moving toward eventual replacement. That accumulating loss in value and future liability is typically measured for reporting purposes through annual depreciation expense. This is based on the original cost of the asset divided by its anticipated useful life. While this expense reflects the consumption of the existing asset and its original investment, the replacement of that asset will likely cost much more, after factoring in inflation and construction conditions. Therefore, the added annual replacement liability is often even greater than the annual depreciation expense. It is prudent to establish a system reinvestment policy that attempts to recover at least a portion of the annual depreciation expense from rate funding. Providing a certain amount of rate-funded capital reinvestment is an approach to ensure that the system does not become too heavily dependent on debt. The City’s adopted policy is to phase in system reinvestment funding over 10 years in 10 percent increments beginning in 2012. To keep rates at their currently adopted levels through 2017, the system reinvestment strategy for the financial plan begins in 2015 at 40 percent and increases by 10 percent per year until 100 percent of the target is funded. 9.3.2.3 Debt Policies Revenue bond covenants typically establish a minimum debt service coverage as a way to protect bondholders against the risk of nonpayment. City policy and the City’s current bond covenants both require bonded debt service coverage of 1.25. The City also has another debt-related policy, which is to maintain a capital structure that does not exceed 50 percent debt. This is more conservative than the typical industry standard of 60 percent debt and 40 percent equity. The City’s capital structure from the 2013 financial statement was well below the Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-13 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx threshold at 21 percent debt and 79 percent equity. This forecast projects that the debt level will be 13 percent by 2021, remaining well within the industry-standard limit of 60 percent debt and 40 percent equity. 9.3.3 Capital Funding Plan The CIP developed for this Drainage Plan contains 14 different projects valued at $25 million ($34 million in inflated dollars) over the 2016–35 planning period (excluding the 2014 estimated and 2015 budgeted capital figures). Costs are stated in 2014 dollars and are escalated to the year of planned spending at an annual inflation rate of 3.5 percent per year. Table 9-5 summarizes the expected annual capital expenditures, using 2014 estimated and 2015 budgeted capital expenditures. Table 9-5. Drainage CIP A capital funding plan is developed to identify the total resources available to pay for the CIP and determine if new debt financing is required. After allocating the estimated beginning 2015 fund balance first to the debt reserve and secondly to the operating reserve, more than $8.6 million was available for capital. The SDC is projected to generate an average annual revenue stream of roughly $800,000. This is based on an assumed ESU growth rate of 1 percent per year. The growth percentage is drawn from a 2012 analysis provided by the City’s storm drainage engineer, who projected ESUs through 2018. An account growth of 1.8 percent is used in the rate revenue projection in the financial forecast. Using an ESU growth rate that is lower than customer account growth is a reasonable and conservative assumption after evaluating historical SDC revenues. The SDC revenue projection assumes the current SDC of $1,162 plus an annual Construction Cost Index adjustment starting in 2016. Table 9-6 summarizes the capital funding plan. Table 9-5. Drainage CIP Year 2014 $Inflated $ 20149,154,705$ 9,154,705$ 20154,964,848$ 5,138,618$ 20164,133,000$ 4,427,373$ 20172,896,000$ 3,210,847$ 20182,773,500$ 3,182,655$ 20193,247,100$ 3,856,536$ 2020828,300$ 1,018,192$ 20211,442,100$ 1,834,754$ 8 Year Total 29,439,553$ 31,823,680$ 2022-20359,633,800$ 16,197,872$ Grand Total 39,073,353$ 48,021,552$ Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-14 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 9-6. Capital Financing Plan Financial Forecast 9.4 The financial forecast, or revenue requirement analysis, forecasts the amount of annual rate revenue needed throughout the 2014–21 planning horizon. The analysis incorporates operating revenues, M&O expenses, debt service payments, rate-funded capital needs, and any other identified revenues or expenses related to Storm Drainage Utility operations, and determines the sufficiency of the current level of rates. Revenue needs are also impacted by debt covenants (typically applicable to revenue bonds) and specific fiscal policies and financial goals of the Storm Drainage Utility. For this analysis, two revenue sufficiency “tests” have been developed to reflect the financial goals and constraints of the Storm Drainage Utility: (1) cash needs must be met, and (2) debt coverage requirements must be realized. In order to operate successfully with respect to these goals, both tests of revenue sufficiency described below must be met. 9.4.1 Cash Test The cash flow test identifies all known cash requirements for the Storm Drainage Utility in each year of the planning period. Capital needs are identified and a capital funding strategy is established. This may include the use of debt, cash reserves, outside assistance, and rate funding. Cash requirements to be funded from rates are determined. Typically, these include M&O expenses, debt service payments, system reinvestment funding or directly funded capital outlays, and any additions to specified reserve balances. The total annual cash needs of the Storm Drainage Utility are then compared to total operating revenues (under current rates) to forecast annual revenue surpluses or shortfalls. 9.4.2 Coverage Test The coverage test is based on a commitment made by the City when issuing revenue bonds. For purposes of this analysis, revenue bond debt is assumed for any needed debt issuance. As a security condition of issuance, the City is required per covenant to agree that the revenue bond debt would have a higher priority for payment (a senior lien) compared to most other Storm Drainage Utility expenditures; the only outlays with a higher lien are M&O expenses. Debt service coverage is expressed as a multiplier of the annual revenue bond debt service payment. For example, a 1.0 coverage factor would imply that no additional cushion is required. A 1.25 coverage factor means revenues must be sufficient to pay M&O Table 9-6. Capital Financing Plan Year Capital Expenditures Capital Expenditures Inflated Revenue Bond Financing Cash Funding Total Financial Resources 20149,154,705$ $ 9,154,705 $ - 9,154,705$ $ 9,154,705 20154,964,848 5,138,618 - 5,138,618 5,138,618 20164,133,000 4,427,373 - 4,427,373 4,427,373 20172,896,000 3,210,847 - 3,210,847 3,210,847 20182,773,500 3,182,655 492,824 2,689,831 3,182,655 20193,247,100 3,856,536 1,858,962 1,997,574 3,856,536 2020828,300 1,018,192 - 1,018,192 1,018,192 20211,442,100 1,834,754 - 1,834,754 1,834,754 8-Year Total 29,439,553$ 31,823,680$ 2,351,786$ 29,471,893$ 31,823,680$ 2022-20359,633,800$ 16,197,872$ -$ 16,197,872$ 16,197,872$ Grand Total 39,073,353$ 48,021,552$ 2,351,786$ 45,669,766$ 48,021,552$ Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-15 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx expenses, annual revenue bond debt service payments, plus an additional 25 percent of annual revenue bond debt service payments. The excess cash flow derived from the added coverage, if any, can be used for any Storm Drainage Utility purpose, including funding capital projects. The existing coverage requirement policy on the City’s outstanding revenue bonds is 1.25 times bond debt. In determining the annual revenue requirement, both the cash and coverage sufficiency tests must be met—the test with the greatest deficiency drives the level of needed rate increase in any given year. The financial forecast projects the amount of operating and capital expenditures to determine the annual amount of revenue required. The objective of the financial forecast is to evaluate the sufficiency of the current level of rates in meeting the total revenue requirements of the system. In addition to annual operating costs, the revenue of the Storm Drainage Utility must also meet debt covenant requirements and minimum reserve level targets. 9.4.3 Financial Forecast Assumptions The financial forecast is developed from the City’s adopted 2015–16 biennial budget documents along with other key factors and assumptions to develop a complete portrayal of the Storm Drainage Utility’s annual financial obligations. The forecast covers the 2014–21 planning period. The following is a list of the key revenue and expense factors and assumptions used to develop the forecast: 9.4.3.1 Revenue and Fund Balance The following revenue and fund balance assumptions are used to develop the forecast: • Customer growth: Based on a review of 5 years of historical data, annual customer account growth has been 1.8 percent per year. • Adopted rate increases: The City adopted annual rate increases through 2017 of roughly 2.5 percent, which are incorporated into the revenue figures in the forecast. The analysis shows that through 2017, no additional rate increases are needed above the adopted levels. • Miscellaneous revenues are conservatively assumed to stay at their currently budgeted levels. Miscellaneous revenues include late penalties, applications, etc. The Build America Bonds (BAB) subsidy for the 2010 Revenue Bond is expected to gradually decline in proportion to the annual decline in interest expense. • Fund balances are based on the budgeted beginning balance in 2015. Depending on resource availability, the balance was allocated to the “accounts” using the following methodology: − Debt reserve: amount equal to highest annual debt service on existing debt − Operating reserve: amount equal to the operating reserve target of 60 days − Capital reserve: remaining funds The estimated beginning fund balance in 2015 was approximately $10.6 million, which is enough to fully fund the debt reserve, provide 60 days in the operating reserve, and provide over $8.6 million in the capital reserve. • Interest earnings initially assume a rate of 0.09 percent applied to the beginning of year cash balances based on existing Local Government Investment Pool rates, phasing toward 0.25 percent over the long term. 9.4.3.2 Expenditures The following expenditure assumptions are used to develop the forecast: • General operating expenses are escalated from the budgeted figures at 2.5 percent per year, labor costs at 2.5 percent per year, and benefits at 5.5 percent per year. • State taxes are calculated based on prevailing tax rates. Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-16 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx • Existing debt service schedules were provided by the City and include three existing revenue bond issues. These obligations represent nearly $795,000 in annual debt service principal and interest payments in 2015. • This Drainage Plan identifies additional staffing levels and equipment purchases needed above the 2015 and 2016 budgeted levels. The additional staff is needed for NPDES compliance activities, which include LID facility inspection, maintenance tracking, and public education and outreach. − Full-time engineering staff with salaries plus benefits totaling $107,000 starting in 2017 and continuing throughout the study period. − Full-time system maintenance staff with salaries and benefits totaling $320,000 starting in 2017 and continuing throughout the study period. This includes a 50 percent share of the asset management specialist to be shared with the Sewer Utility. − One-time equipment purchases in 2017 consisting of CCTV inspection equipment for $250,000 and an excavator for $180,000. • Future debt service has been added as outlined in the capital funding plan. The forecast assumes a revenue bond interest rate of 4.30 percent based on prevailing rates, as well as an issuance cost of 1 percent with a 20-year term. City policy dictates a minimum debt service coverage requirement of 1.25. The City should review the proposed rates and rate assumptions annually to ensure that the rate projections developed remain adequate. Any significant changes should be incorporated into the financial plan and future rates should be adjusted as needed. Table 9-7 summarizes the annual revenue requirement for the 2014–21 planning horizon based on the forecast of revenues, expenditures, fund balances, fiscal policies, and capital funding. Table 9-7. Financial Forecast Table 9-7. Financial Forecast Revenue Requirements 20142015201620172018201920202021 Assuming Existing Rates: Revenue Rate Revenues 8,727,224$ 9,106,422$ 9,502,096$ 9,914,962$ 10,093,431$ 10,275,113$ 10,460,065$ 10,648,346$ Non-Rate Revenues 2,133,878 960,113 176,479 173,808 171,731 169,614 167,462 164,803 Total Revenue 10,861,102$ 10,066,535$ 9,678,575$ 10,088,770$ 10,265,162$ 10,444,727$ 10,627,527$ 10,813,149$ Expenses Cash Operating Expenses 7,000,356$ 7,323,914$ 7,249,903$ 8,342,836$ 8,151,980$ 8,399,583$ 8,656,021$ 8,921,664$ Existing Debt Service 796,781 795,239 777,111 774,579 776,275 776,413 774,467 774,396 New Debt Service - - - - 40,716 194,299 194,299 194,299 Rate-Funded System Reinvestment - 550,558 734,017 940,032 1,120,686 1,268,271 1,479,931 1,646,473 Additions to Operating Reserve - - - - 120,221 40,702 38,266 47,555 Total Expenses 7,797,136$ 8,669,711$ 8,761,031$ 10,057,448$ 10,209,877$ 10,679,269$ 11,142,985$ 11,584,387$ Cash Surplus / (Deficiency) Before Rate Increases 3,063,965$ 1,396,824$ 917,544$ 31,322$ 55,285$ (234,542)$ (515,458)$ (771,238)$ Annual Rate Adjustment 0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%2.49%2.82%2.40% Cumulative Annual Rate Adjustment 0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%2.49%5.39%7.92% After Rate Increases: Rate Revenues 8,727,224$ 9,106,422$ 9,502,096$ 9,914,962$ 10,093,431$ 10,531,443$ 11,023,407$ 11,491,230$ Cash Surplus / (Deficiency) After Rate Increases 3,064,000 1,396,800 917,500 31,300 175,500 40,700 38,300 47,600 Debt Service Coverage - Revenue Bonds 5.694.343.993.253.543.173.403.61 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-17 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx The last row of Table 9-7 shows the projected debt service coverage for bonded debt. Bonded debt service coverage—which legally cannot drop below 1.25—is projected to stay at or above 3.17 throughout the life of the forecast. In 2012, the City Council adopted annual rate increases of 2.5 percent in 2015, 2016, and 2017. This analysis shows that the adopted rates will generate sufficient revenue to meet operating expenses and the Storm Drainage Utility policy goals as discussed herein for the 2015–17 period. Based on the assumptions in the forecast, no incremental rate increases (above adopted amounts) are needed through 2017. Based on the financial forecast, no rate increase is needed in 2018. Rate increases averaging about 2.6 percent per year are needed in 2019 and beyond to cover projected M&O expenses, debt service payments, system reinvestment funding, and other stated financial policy objectives. While no rate increase is projected in 2018, it may be prudent to adopt a smaller set of increases over 4 years (2018– 21) rather than adopt a higher set of increases over 3 years (2019–21). 9.4.4 City Funds and Reserve Balances Table 9-8 shows a summary of the projected ending City operating, capital, and debt reserve balances through 2021. The operating reserve ends at 60 days of operating expenditures; the capital reserve ends at over $4 million, which is above the minimum target of about $1 million; and the debt reserve ends at nearly $1 million, which is enough to cover 1 year of annual debt service. Table 9-8. Cash Balance Summary Existing Rate Structure and Projected Schedule 9.5 The City’s existing rate structure is composed of a single-family rate class and six non-single-family rate classes. The rate schedule for the single-family customer class consists of a base monthly charge. The rate schedule for non-single-family customers consists of a base monthly charge and an additional charge per ESU based on the characteristics of a customer’s parcel. Low-income, single-family residential customers are provided a 50 percent discount to the rates presented. To qualify for a low-income discount, a customer must be 62 years old or older and meet low- income guidelines as defined by the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (ACC 13.24 and 13.24.030). A recent detailed review of the City’s rate structure has been completed in the 2014 Retail Rate Study and recommends incorporating cost-of-service adjustments among various rate classes. Table 9-9 presents the City’s existing rate schedule for each customer class under the adopted rates through 2017. No rate increases above adopted levels are necessary through 2017. The table then incorporates necessary rate increases starting in 2018 and continuing through 2021. Table 9-8. Cash Balance Summary Ending Reserves 20142015201620172018201920202021 Operating 1,150,743$ 1,203,931$ 1,188,509$ 1,219,831$ 1,340,051$ 1,380,753$ 1,419,020$ 1,466,575$ Capital 8,362,881 6,169,948 4,170,692 2,689,831 1,997,574 2,125,099 3,482,614 4,233,887 Debt 796,781 795,239 776,414 776,414 817,130 970,712 970,712 970,712 Total 10,310,405$ 8,169,117$ 6,135,614$ 4,686,075$ 4,154,755$ 4,476,564$ 5,872,347$ 6,671,174$ Chapter 9 Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan 9-18 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 9-9. Projected Rate Schedule Affordability 9.6 The Washington State Department of Health and the PWB have historically used an affordability index to prioritize low-cost loan awards. The typical threshold looks at whether a system’s rates exceed 1.5 to 2.0 percent of the median household income for the demographic area. As a result, if monthly bills are less than 1.5 percent of the median household income for the demographic area, they are generally considered affordable. According to City staff, the median household income for the City of Auburn in 2012 was $49,996. This figure was inflated to $51,810 at 2014 levels assuming annual Consumer Price Index adjustments. Table 9-10 presents the City’s estimated single-family rate with the projected rate increases for the forecast period. The affordability mark (monthly bill * 12 ÷ median income) averages 0.4 percent throughout the study period. As shown in the following table, the City’s rates remain well within the affordability range throughout the planning horizon. Table 9-10 below presents the results of the affordability test. Table 9-9. Projected Rate Schedule Monthly Rate Schedule AdoptedAdoptedAdoptedAdopted ProjectedProjectedProjectedProjected 20142015201620172018201920202021 Annual:0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%2.49%2.82%2.40% Cumulative:0.00%0.00%0.00%0.00%2.49%5.39%7.92% Single Family $18.78$19.25$19.73$20.22$20.22$20.72$21.31$21.82 Non-Single Family Base Charge $11.68$11.97$12.27$12.58$12.58$12.89$13.26$13.58 ESU Charges Non-Single-Family $14.95$15.32$15.71$16.10$16.10$16.50$16.97$17.37 NSF w/Detention $12.01$12.31$12.62$12.93$12.93$13.25$13.63$13.95 NSF w/Retention $7.42$7.61$7.80$8.00$8.00$8.20$8.43$8.63 NSF w/Water Quality Treatment $8.98$9.21$9.44$9.67$9.67$9.91$10.19$10.44 NSF w/Detention and Water Quality Treatment $6.78$6.95$7.13$7.31$7.31$7.49$7.70$7.89 NSF w/Retention and Water Quality Treatment $4.25$4.35$4.46$4.57 $4.57$4.68$4.82$4.93 Low Income Discount: 50% Rate Increases Applied "Across the Board" Rate increases shown in 2015, 2016, and 2017 reflect already-adopted annual increases of 2.5% Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan Chapter 9 9-19 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Table 9-10. Affordability Test Conclusion 9.7 The financial analysis indicates that the adopted rates in 2015, 2016, and 2017 are sufficient to meet the Storm Drainage Utility financial obligations as presented in this forecast. No additional rate increases are proposed for 2015–17. Based on the forecast, no rate increase is required in 2018. Rate increases for 2019–21 average about 2.6 percent per year, for a cumulative increase of 7.9 percent. This evaluation also finds that the rates with projected rate increases would remain well within the defined threshold of affordability. Table 9-10. Affordability Test Year Inflation Median HH Income Projected Monthly Bill % of Median HH Income 20142.50%$51,810$18.780.43% 2015 2.50%$53,106$19.250.43% 2016 2.50%$54,433$19.730.43% 2017 2.50%$55,794$20.220.43% 2018 2.50%$57,189$20.220.42% 2019 2.50%$58,619$20.720.42% 2020 2.50%$60,084$21.310.43% 2021 2.50%$61,586$21.820.43% 10-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 10 Limitations This document was prepared solely for City of Auburn in accordance with professional standards at the time the services were performed and in accordance with the contract between City of Auburn and Brown and Caldwell dated December 6, 2013. This document is governed by the specific scope of work authorized by City of Auburn; it is not intended to be relied upon by any other party except for regulatory authorities contemplated by the scope of work. We have relied on information or instructions provided by City of Auburn and other parties and, unless otherwise expressly indicated, have made no independent investigation as to the validity, completeness, or accuracy of such information. 11-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Chapter 11 References Auburn City Code (ACC). 2009. http://www.codepublishing.com/wa/auburn/. Booth. 1991. Glacier physics of the Puget lobe, southwest Cordilleran ice sheet: Geographie Physique et Quaternaire, v. 45, pp. 301–316. Brown and Caldwell. 2014. Draft Cartegraph Economic Life Model System Requirements Specification. City of Auburn Comprehensive Plan (Comp Plan). Amended 2011. City of Auburn. http://www.auburnwa.gov/business/Planning___Development/Comprehensive_Plan.asp. City of Auburn 2015 Stormwater Management Program Plan. March 2015. City of Auburn. King County. 2010. Tabula conveyance system cost estimating software. Version 3.1.2. Miller, J.F., Frederick, R.H., and Tracey, R.J. 1973. Precipitation-frequency Atlas of the Western United States: NOAA Atlas 2 Volume IX-Washington. United States Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service. Silver Spring, Maryland. Natural Resources Conservation Center (NRCS). June 1986. Urban Hydrology for Small Watershed, Technical Release 55 (TR-55). United States Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Conservation Engineering Division. Pierce County. February 2013. Pierce County Rivers Flood Hazard Management Plan, Adopted February 19, 2013, Ordinance 2012-53s. Pierce County Public Works & Utilities Surface Water Management. SPU, 2012. City of Seattle Unit Cost Report (for APWA Standard Bid Items). Tetra Tech, Inc. September 2002. City of Auburn 2002 Comprehensive Drainage Plan. Prepared for the City of Auburn by Tetra Tech/KCM, Inc., 1917 First Ave., Seattle, WA 98101. Troost, K.G. and Booth, D.B, 2008. Geology of Seattle and the Seattle area, Washington. The Geological Society of America, Reviews in Engineering Geology XX, 2008. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). April 2009. Project Management Plan for Wetland 5K Reach Mill Creek Restoration, Green Duwamish Ecosystem Restoration Program. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). October 2009. Mud Mountain Dam: White and Puyallup Rivers Channel Capacity Study. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Seattle District, Hydraulic Engineering Section. Washington State Department of Ecology. June 2011. Green River Temperature Total Maximum Daily Load Water Quality Improvement Report June 2011, Publication No. 11-10-046. Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC). 2014a. “Climate of Washington.” http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/narratives/WASHINGTON.htm Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC). 2014b. “Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary for Seattle Tcoma Wscmo Ap, Washington.” http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?waseat Western Regional Climate Center (WRCC). 2014c. “Period of Record Monthly Climate Summary for Kent, Washington.” http://www.wrcc.dri.edu/cgi-bin/cliMAIN.pl?wakent WSDOT, 2012–2014. Unit Bid Tab for the Northwest region. Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan A-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Appendix A: Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan B-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Appendix B: Phase II NPDES Stormwater Permit Compliance Work Plan Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan C-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Appendix C: Hydrologic and Hydraulic Modeling and Evaluation Comprehensive Storm Drainage Plan D-1 DRAFT for review purposes only. Use of contents on this sheet is subject to the limitations specified at the end of this document. Auburn Drainage Plan Draft.docx Appendix D: SEPA Compliance