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HomeMy WebLinkAbout08-24-2015 SPECIAL CITY COUNCIL MEETINGWASHINGTON Special City Council Meeting August 24, 2015 - 5:30 PM Auburn City Hall AGENDA I. CALL TO ORDER 11. ORDINANCES A. Ordinance 6569* (Coleman) An Ordinance of the City Council of the City of Auburn, Washington, amending Section 9.34.030 of the Auburn City Code relating to discharge of firearms within the City limits, and creating a No Shoot" area exemption for wildlife depredation conducted at the Auburn Municipal Airport (RECOMMENDED ACTION: City Council suspend the rules and adopt Ordinance No. 6569 on first reading.) 111. ADJOURNMENT Agendas and minutes are available to the public at the City Clerk's Office, on the City website (http: / /www.auburnwa.gov), and via e -mail. Complete agenda packets are available for review at the City Clerk's Office. *Denotes attachments included in the agenda packet. Page 1 of 132 C OF r AUBURN vASHINu AGENDA BILL APPROVAL FORM Agenda Subject: Date: Ordinance 6569 August 19, 2015 Department: Attachments: Budget Impact: Administration Ordinance Na 6569 $0 Report Administrative Recommendation: approve Ordinance No. 6569 Background Summary: For proposed Ordinance No. 6569(exemption from ACC 9.34.030 for wildlife depredation on Airport grounds) The City's Finance Department and the Auburn Police Department request consideration and enactment of an exemption to the City's no shoot area" designation under Auburn City Code 9.34.030, to allow for the limited discharge of firearms at the Auburn Municipal Airport (the "Airport ") by authorized City officials and agents as part of an FAA - sanctioned wildlife depredation program. This Ordinance is appropriate and timely, because the City has only recently become aware of a coyote population that is present on the Airport grounds. Recent complaints of coyotes at the Airport include reports of "near- misses" between coyotes and aircraft taking off or landing at the Airport. Coyotes, as well as waterfowl, at the Airport present public nuisance conditions because of the threat to persons and property posed by any collision between aircraft and wildlife. While coyotes are known to exist elsewhere in the city limits, the potential for injury to persons or property warrants exemption from the City's present prohibition on firearm discharge at the Airport grounds. Beyond the recent reports of coyote — aircraft near - encounters, the City has developed a factual basis and a plan for comprehensive wildlife depredation at the Airport. At the request of the FAA, the City commissioned a Wildlife Hazard Assessment ( "WHA ") during the period of November 2013 to October 2014. The WHA resulted in a report submitted to the FAA in February 2015. The FAA Administrator accepted the WHA report and determined that there is enough wildlife activity that the City should generate a Wildlife Hazard Management Plan ( "WHMP "). In May 2015, the City's consultant published a draft WHMP, which the FAA accepted in July 2015. The City's WHMP sets forth several components and requirements, to ORD.A AUBURN * MORE THAN YOU IMAGINED Page 2 of 132 include training of personnel to conduct wildlife depredation, control of habitat, use of wildlife harassment techniques, and use of lethal force to complement non - lethal measures such as use of pyrotechnics. The City's airport management contractor Aviation Management Group has sent its staff through FAA- approved training to conduct the wildlife depredation measures consistent with the WHMP and — relevant to migratory birds such as geese - the City has received necessary permitting from the US Fish and Wildlife Service. Reviewed by Council Committees: Councilmember: Staff: Coleman Meeting Date: August 24, 2015 Item Number: ORD.A ORD.A AUBURN * MORE THAN YOU IMAGINED Page 3 of 132 ORDINANCE NO. 6 5 6 9 AN ORDINANCE OF THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF AUBURN, WASHINGTON, AMENDING SECTION 9.34.030 OF THE AUBURN CITY CODE RELATING TO DISCHARGE OF FIREARMS WITHIN THE CITY LIMITS, AND CREATING A "NO SHOOT" AREA EXEMPTION FOR WILDLIFE DEPREDATION CONDUCTED AT THE AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WHEREAS, the City of Auburn (the "City ") owns and operates the Auburn Municipal Airport / Dick Scobee Field (the "Airport"), located within its city limits; and WHEREAS, the Airport has become one of the top -ten busiest general aviation airports in the State of Washington, based on numbers of take -offs and landings by helicopters and small planes; and WHEREAS, the Airport is regulated by the Federal Aviation Administration (the "FAA "), which may impose requirements upon airport operations and facilities to promote the public's safety; and WHEREAS, the FAA has prompted the City employ a wildlife biologist to study and report upon the hazards posed to the Airport's operations by waterfowl and other wildlife on the grounds and in the vicinity of the Airport; and WHEREAS, the City has developed a Wildlife Hazard Management Plan to govern wildlife management techniques used to reduce the potential for strikes between wildlife and aircraft operating at the Airport; and WHEREAS, the City has obtained a migratory bird depredation permit issued by the U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, authorizing the taking of birds Ordinance No. 6569 August 17, 2015 ORD.Xage 1 of 3 Page 4 of 132 otherwise protected under the Migratory Bird Treaty Act in combination with a regimen of non - lethal measures to control birds at the Airport; and WHEREAS, the Auburn City Code provides that the entire area of the City is designated as a "no -shoot area" in which it is unlawful to discharge a firearm except under statutorily authorized exceptions such as self- defense or defense of others. NOW, THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF AUBURN, WASHINGTON, DO ORDAIN as follows: Section 1. Amendment to City Code. That Chapter 9.34 of the Auburn City Code, "Firearms, Dangerous Weapons, Explosives," is amended at Section 9.34.030 to read as follows: 9.34.030 Discharge of firearms in city prohibited. The entire area of the city is a "no shoot" area. It is unlawful to shoot or discharge any firearm, pistol, rifle or similar device anywhere within the corporate limits of the city, except as provided herein other than for the purposes of . For the purposes of this section, "pistol" and "rifle" shall include but are not limited to pellet guns, B -B guns, air - propelled guns and similar devices. This prohibition shall not apply to the following: A. The exercise of rights specified in RCW 9A.16.020; or B. The discharge of a firearm at the Auburn Municipal Airport, provided that such discharge may only be conducted by City officials or agents in compliance with the provisions of a Wildlife Hazard Management Plan accepted by the Federal Aviation Administration, and provided further that for any bird species protected by the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (16 U.S.C. 703 -712) the shooting activities shall comply with the terms of a current Migratory Bird Depredation Permit issued by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. Any discharge of firearms at the Auburn Municipal Airport shall be documented and shall be conducted so as to minimize the risk of injury to persons or to real or personal property. (Ord. 5682 § 1, 2002.) Ordinance No. 6569 August 17, 2015 ORD.Aage 2 of 3 Page 5 of 132 Section 2. Implementation. The Mayor is hereby authorized to implement such administrative procedures as may be necessary to carry out the directions of this legislation. Section 3. Severability. The provisions of this ordinance are declared to be separate and severable. The invalidity of any clause, sentence, paragraph, subdivision, section or portion of this ordinance, or the invalidity of the application thereof to any person or circumstance shall not affect the validity of the remainder of this ordinance, or the validity of its application to other persons or circumstances. Section 4. Effective date. This Ordinance shall take effect and be in force five days from and after its passage, approval and publication as provided by law. INTRODUCED: PASSED: APPROVED: CITY OF AUBURN ATTEST: NANCY BACKUS, MAYOR Danielle E. Daskam, City Clerk Published: Ordinance No. 6569 August 17, 2015 ORD.Aage 3 of 3 Page 6 of 132 Final Wildlife Hazard Management Plan Auburn Municipal Airport /Dick Scobee Field Auburn, Washington NAMED IN HONOR OF FRANCIS DICK SCOBEE COMMANDER OF SPACE SHUTTLE CHALLENOER -1986 Auburn Municipal Airport 506 23rd Street NE Auburn, Washington 98002 CITY OF AUBURN WASHINGTON Prepared by: Mead 1 lunt www.meadhunt.com July 2015 ORD.A Page 7 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 8 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Signatories The following Wildlife Hazard Management Plan (WHMP) for Auburn Municipal Airport, Auburn, Washington was written to fulfill Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Airport Improvement Program requirements. This WHMP is intended specifically to reduce wildlife hazards at Auburn Municipal Airport identified in the Wildlife Hazard Assessment. The plan has been reviewed and accepted and will become effective with the following signatures: Mr. Jamelle Garcia, Airport Manager Date Auburn Municipal Airport Janell Barrilleaux, Environmental Program Manager Date Federal Aviation Administration Rick Jones, CWB®, Qualified Airport Wildlife Biologist Date Mead & Hunt, Inc. Original Date FAA Acceptance Revision Date Approval Date Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 9 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 10 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Executive Summary The Auburn Municipal Airport /Dick Scobee Field (S50) is a general aviation airport located in the city of Auburn, Washington. At the request of Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), the City conducted a Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) during the 12 -month period from November 2013 to October 2014. The City submitted a WHA report to the FAA in February 2015 that summarized the results of its 12 -month WHA study. Based on the findings presented in the WHA report, the FAA Administrator determined that there was enough wildlife activity to warrant the development of a Wildlife Hazard Management Plan (WHMP). The WHA provided a site - specific understanding of wildlife hazards at S50, and the recommendations presented in the WHA provide a framework for the WHMP. The WHMP provides a well defined set of policies, goals, and standards that will be implemented to reduce wildlife hazards. In addition, it presents habitat modification measures and wildlife control procedures to reduce the potential for strikes between wildlife and aircraft operating at S50. The FAA identifies the necessary components for a WHMP in Title 14 of the Code of Regulations (CFR) Part 139.337. Although the airport is not subject to the requirements of Part 139, it has volunteered to comply with those requirements. The WHMP includes the following components in accordance with Part 139: • The authority and responsibility for implementing the plan; • Resources to be provided by the airport operator for implementation of the plan; • Prioritized measures for to manage the land uses and habitats identified in the WHA, including target dates for completion; • The legal status of wildlife and its management, including laws and regulations pertaining to permits needed for management actions, including harassment and take of animals, as well as copies of local, state, and federal wildlife control permits; • Wildlife management procedures to be followed during aircraft operations; and • Necessary training required to properly identify wildlife and apply wildlife management techniques in a safe, effective, and efficient manner (see Section 9). The WHMP outlines the roles and responsibilities of airport and other personnel involved in reducing wildlife hazards. It states the protocol for monitoring, reporting, and documenting potential wildlife hazards, implementing procedures, and reporting wildlife strikes at S50. To implement the WHMP, the City will maintain an adequate supply of non - lethal and lethal wildlife control equipment to disperse and control wildlife. The Airport operations staff will be properly trained to identify Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 11 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN wildlife and to safely and efficiently use wildlife control and management equipment. Special federal and state - issued permits are required to control most wildlife, which are afforded some type of protection under state or federal regulations. Copies of the federal and state - issued depredation permits and all wildlife control and management training records will be stored at S50 as part of this WHMP. Plan Revisions The S50 Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG) will meet at least annually, and will monitor the City's progress in implementing the management measures identified in the WHMP. The WHMP will be revised as necessary to address any changes in wildlife activity or other site - specific conditions that affect wildlife abundance and activity. The WHWG will present proposed WHMP recommendations or revisions to the Wildlife Coordinator, who will consider the recommendation and approve proposed revisions to the WHMP. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 12 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Table of Contents Section 1 — Project Background 1 -1 1.1 Purpose and Regulatory Framework 1 -1 1.2 Need for a WHMP at Auburn Municipal Airport 1 -1 1.3 Plan Overview 1 -2 Section 2 — Airport Background 2 -1 2.1 Airport Location and Facilities 2 -1 2.1.1 Location and Setting 2 -1 2.1.2 Facilities 2 -1 2.1.3 On -Site Attractants 2 -4 2.1.4 Regional (Off -Site) Wildlife Attractants 2 -4 2.2 Wildlife Hazard Assessment Findings 2 -4 2.2.1 S50 Wildlife Strike History 2 -4 2.3 Wildlife Hazard Assessment Results 2 -5 2.3.1 Continue and Enhance Wildlife Hazard Management Practices 2 -6 2.3.2 Continue to Develop and Implement a Wildlife Hazard Management Program 2 -6 2.3.3 Implement Site - Specific Recommendations 2 -6 Section 3 — Plan Authority, Roles, and Responsibilities 3 -1 3.1 Wildlife Hazard Working Group 3 -1 3.2 Staff Roles and Responsibilities 3 -2 3.2.1 Airport Manager 3 -3 3.2.2 Wildlife Coordinator /Airport Operations Manager 3 -3 3.2.3 Airport Staff 3 -5 3.3 Federal Aviation Administration 3 -6 3.4 FAA- Qualified Wildlife Hazard Damage Biologist 3 -6 Section 4 — Resources 4 -1 4.1 Wildlife Hazard Management Materials 4 -1 4.2 Airport Operations and Safety 4 -2 4.3 Budget Allocation 4 -2 Section 5 — Management Strategies 5 -1 5.1 Overview 5 -1 5.1.1 Proposed Habitat Modification Measures 5 -1 5.1.2 General Maintenance /Management Measures 5 -2 5.1.3 Population Management Measures 5 -2 5.2 Wildlife Attractants On and Near S50 5 -3 Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page i of iv Page 13 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.3 Structure Management 5.3.1 Airfield Structures 5.3.2 Perimeter Fence and Gates 5.3.3 Airport Construction Projects 5.4 Non - Airport Land Use Changes 5.5 Water Management 5.5.1 Temporary Open Water Features 5.5.2 Permanent Open Water Sources 5.5.3 Temporary or Seasonal Standing Water 5.5.4 Stormwater Management 5.6 Vegetation Management 5 -6 5 -6 5 -6 5 -7 5 -7 5 -8 5 -8 5 -8 5 -8 5 -8 5 -9 5 -9 5 -9 5 -10 5 -11 5 -11 5 -11 5 -11 6 -1 6 -1 6 -1 6 -1 6 -2 6 -3 6 -3 6 -3 6 -3 6 -3 6 -4 6 -5 6 -5 6 -6 6 -6 6 -7 6 -7 6 -7 6 -7 6 -7 5.6.1 Tree Removal 5.6.2 Grass Management 5.6.3 Ornamental Landscaping 5.7 Food /Prey -Base Management 5.7.1 Rodents 5.7.2 Insects and Other Invertebrates 5.7.3 Trash, Debris, and Handouts Section 6 — Laws and Regulations 6.1 FAA Advisory Circulars and Certalerts 6.2 Federal Regulations 6.3 State of Washington Wildlife Regulations 6.4 Wildlife Categories 6.5 General Regulations for Wildlife Management 6.6 Birds 6.6.1 Resident Game Birds 6.6.2 Resident Nongame Birds 6.6.3 Domestic Birds 6.6.4 Migratory Game Birds 6.6.5 Migratory Nongame Birds 6.6.6 Depredation Order Birds 6.7 Mammals 6.7.1 Big Game Mammals 6.7.2 Furbearers 6.7.3 Nongame Mammals 6.8 Reptiles, Amphibians, and Invertebrates 6.8.1 Invertebrates 6.9 Protected Wildlife Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page ii of iv Page 14 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.9.1 Federal and State Threatened and Endangered Species 6 -7 6.9.2 Eagle Permits 6 -8 6.9.3 Habitat Conservation 6 -8 6.9.4 Wetland Mitigation 6 -8 6.9.5 Avoiding Impacts to Threatened and Endangered Species 6 -8 6.9.6 Pesticide Applicator License 6 -9 Section 7 — Wildlife Management Procedures 7 -1 7.1 Overview 7 -1 7.2 Wildlife Inspections 7 -2 7.2.1 Routine Inspections 7 -2 7.2.2 Responding to Imminent Hazards 7 -2 7.2.3 Reporting 7 -4 7.3 General Wildlife Management 7 -4 7.4 Bird Management 7 -5 7.5 Mammal Management 7 -5 7.6 Auburn Animal Control Assistance 7 -5 Section 8 — Evaluation 8 -1 8.1 Meetings 8 -1 8.2 Wildlife Strike Database 8 -1 8.3 Airport Expansion /Construction 8 -1 8.4 FAA Involvement 8 -1 Section 9 — Training 9 -1 9.1 Wildlife Hazard Training 9 -1 9.2 Available Resources 9 -1 Section 10 — Monitoring Wildlife Hazards 10 -1 10.1 Wildlife Hazard Assessment 10 -1 10.2 Monitoring Methods 10 -2 10.2.1 Target Species 10 -2 Section 11 — Agency Directory 11 -1 Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page iii of iv Page 15 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Figures 2 -1 Location Map, Auburn Municipal Airport 2 -2 Vicinity Map, Auburn Municipal Airport 2 -3 Wildlife Strikes Report to the FAA's Database at S50, 1993 -2014 with Trendline 3 -1 Wildlife Hazard Management Chain of Command, Auburn Municipal Airport 5 -1 5 -mile Radius Map, Auburn Municipal Airport 5 -2 FAA Critical Zone (10,000 -foot Separation Distance) and Observed Wildlife Attractants 7 -1 Wildlife Hazard Response Chart Tables 2 -1 Wildlife Strikes Recorded at S50: FAA Wildlife Strike Database 3 -1 Wildlife Coordinator Duties in Association with the WHMP 3 -2 Airport Operations Staff— Wildlife Hazard Management Responsibilities 4 -1 Wildlife Hazard Management Supplies 5 -1 Proposed Habitat Modification Measures 5 -2 General Maintenance /Management Actions 5 -3 Population Management Measures 6 -1 Wildlife Categories in Washington and Permits Necessary for Lethal Management as Required by Federal and State Wildlife Agencies Appendices A FAA Wildlife Hazard Assessment Acceptance Letter B Airport Layout Plan C Web -based FAA Wildlife Strike Incident Report Form (E5200 -7) D Wildlife Log and Self Inspection Form E Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Between FAA and USDA -WS F Advisory Circular No. 150/5200 -33B — Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or Near Airports G FAA Certalert No. 98 -05 — Grasses Attractive to Hazardous Wildlife H WHA Observation Points with Grid Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page iv of iv Page 16 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 1 — Project Background Section 1 presents the purpose, background, and regulatory framework associated with the Wildlife Hazard Management Plan (WHMP) and provides a summary of WHMP contents. 1.1 Purpose and Regulatory Framework The Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) is a federally obligated airport for which the City of Auburn (City) receives federal funds to support airport operations and undertake capital improvements. When the City accepts funds from FAA- administered airport financial assistance programs, it must agree to certain obligations or grant assurances. The FAA has established 37 specific grant assurances to which airport operators must adhere if they are to receive federal funds. Wildlife hazard management is associated with FAA Grant assurance No. 19, Operation and Maintenance: 19. Operation and Maintenance. a. The airport and all facilities which are necessary to serve the aeronautical users of the airport, other than facilities owned or controlled by the United States, shall be operated at all times in a safe and serviceable condition and in accordance with the minimum standards as may be required or prescribed by applicable Federal, state and local agencies for maintenance and operation. It will not cause or permit any activity or action thereon which would interfere with its use for airport purposes. It will suitably operate and maintain the airport and all facilities thereon or connected therewith, with due regard to climatic and flood conditions. Any proposal to temporarily close the airport for non - aeronautical purposes must first be approved by the Secretary. In furtherance of this assurance, the sponsor will have in effect arrangements for: 1) Operating the airport's aeronautical facilities whenever required; 2) Promptly marking and lighting hazards resulting from airport conditions, including temporary conditions; and 3) Promptly notifying airmen of any condition affecting aeronautical use of the airport. Nothing contained herein shall be construed to require that the airport be operated for aeronautical use during temporary periods when snow, flood or other climatic conditions interfere with such operation and maintenance. Further, nothing herein shall be construed as requiring the maintenance, repair, restoration, or replacement of any structure or facility which is substantially damaged or destroyed due to an act of God or other condition or circumstance beyond the control of the sponsor. b. It will suitably operate and maintain noise compatibility program items that it owns or controls upon which Federal funds have been expended. 1.2 Need for a WHMP at Auburn Municipal Airport At the request of FAA, the City conducted a WHA during the 12 -month period from November 2013 to October 2014. The WHA was conducted under the direction of an FAA- qualified wildlife biologist in accordance with FAA Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5200 -36A, "Qualifications for Wildlife Biologist Conducting Wildlife Hazard Assessments and Training Curriculums for Airport Personnel Involved in Controlling Wildlife Hazards on Airports." The qualified wildlife biologist's primary responsibilities throughout the assessment were to: Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 1 -1 Page 17 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN • Provide information on the wildlife attractants that have been identified on or near the airport; • Identify wildlife management techniques; and • Prioritize appropriate mitigation measures. During the 12 -month period, avian and terrestrial surveys were performed to identify the presence and abundance of wildlife species, as well as behavior, movement, and migration patterns. Eighty -three avian species and four mammal species were observed during the study. For more detailed discussions of the WHA, refer to Section 2.2. The City submitted a WHA report to the FAA in February 2015 that summarized the results of its 12 -month WHA study. Based on the findings presented in the WHA report and the conclusions drawn by a qualified wildlife biologist that "there was enough wildlife activity to warrant the development of a WHMP," the FAA Administrator approved the WHA report and requested that the City prepare a WHMP. The results of the 2015 WHA provided the scientific basis for the development and implementation of this WHMP. 1.3 Plan Overview The WHA provided a site - specific understanding of wildlife hazards at S50, and the recommendations presented in the WHA provide a framework for the WHMP. The objective of the WHMP is to provide a well - defined set of policies, goals, and standards that will be implemented to reduce wildlife hazards. In addition, it presents habitat modification measures and wildlife control procedures to reduce the potential for strikes between wildlife and aircraft operating at S50. The WHMP includes the following components to fulfill the legal requirements set forth in FAR Part 139.337(e): • Persons who have authority and responsibility for implementing the plan (see Section 3); • Resources to be provided by the airport operator for plan implementation (see Sections 4 and 11); • Priorities for needed habitat and land use management measures identified in the WHA, including target dates for completion (see Section 5); • The legal status of wildlife and its management, including laws and regulations pertaining to permits needed for management actions, including harassment and take of animals, as well as copies of local, state, and federal wildlife control permits (see Section 6); • Wildlife management procedures to be followed during air operations, including: personnel assignments, physical inspections of the movement area and other areas critical to wildlife hazard management, specific wildlife control measures, and communication protocols for wildlife personnel and air traffic (see Sections 7 and 10); Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 1 -2 Page 18 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN • Procedures for the periodic review and evaluation of the WHMP (see Section 8); and • Necessary training required to properly identify wildlife and apply wildlife management techniques in a safe, effective, and efficient manner (see Section 9); Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 1 -3 Page 19 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 1 -4 Page 20 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 2 — Airport Background Section 2 provides an overview of the airport setting and summarizes the S50's 2013 -2014 WHA efforts. 2.1 Airport Location and Facilities 2.1.1 Location and Setting S50 is located in the western limits of the City of Auburn in southern King County, Washington. The Airport is less than 5 miles from Puget Sound and within 8 miles of Seattle- Tacoma International Airport. The 114 - acre airport is located northeast of the intersection of State Highways 18 and 167. S50 is between and parallel to State Highway 167 to the west and Auburn Way North to the east, in the northwest portion of the City of Auburn (see Figure 2 -1). The airport is surrounded by industrial warehouses and commercial development. An approximately 23 -acre undeveloped area west of the southern portion of the runway is owned by the City. Some residential development occurs to the east and south, and commercial and industrial development occur to the north and west. A thoroughbred racetrack occurs to the west (Emerald Downs). Some agricultural fields lie to the west, northwest, and northeast of S50, and wooded hillsides with little development occur on both the west and east sides of the Kent Valley. The Green River and a golf course are located east of the airport (see Figure 2 -2). 2.1.2 Facilities S50 is a public -use, general aviation facility that is classified as a Reliever Airport in FAA's National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS). The Airport supports a variety of aeronautical activity including operations by single- and multi- engine piston aircraft, civilian helicopters, and business class turbine - powered aircraft. The airfield is accessible 24 hours per day, seven days per week. It does not include an Air Traffic Control Tower (ATCT). S50 supports approximately 277 based aircraft and approximately 141,000 annual aircraft operations. S50 currently includes one generally north -south asphalt runway: Runway 16/34, which is 3,400 feet long and 75 feet wide. A copy of the current Airport Layout Plan (ALP) for S50 is provided in Appendix B. The portion of the airport property east of the runway includes numerous hangars, aprons, aircraft parking areas, and an area used as for model aircraft practice. Dominant landscape features within the Air Operations Area (AOA) are hardscapes, including runways and taxiways; aircraft parking and storage areas; roads; hangars; and other airport structures. Infield areas are characterized by areas of short and medium -tall grass, and a drainage swale that includes two netted stormwater detention ponds, one immediately northeast of the runway and one to west. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 2 -1 Page 21 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN flA'UBURN` MUNICIPAL AIRPORTL Figure 2 -1 Location Map 0 1 2 • Ci eclii...G.apy Agra.© 201a National Gerigraphkc Suciely.'1,abed 4 Miles Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 2 -2 Page 22 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 371N St NYV 2StM1 SI NW 2611, EI M• SOR, SINN, 13111 Si SYS m,mm twsdrth SENSSINW 47sti SINE IS 51.1 HM SI NE s, NF ]Ole SINE sswi •I NE vne son P N E Sam St HE v.n gem 61 Ne i•W St RE talit St NS INN St NE At IS NE E +6Ie.NE 11,11151135 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT: Sr 7011, 51 NC NE SIN St NE: MSS, NW f PINE Ise 'St NW - m • j� ]r • ra st G • S..54 NE - u V w n EI` E Auburn 15. s, .S1 SW - -. wn n- wN"us. ,e E 8111Sr `,11 u1, so sE SIN St Sf nM1 sfgfep Credits, Sources. Esrl, DeLorrra, NAVTEQ, USGS, Intermap.IPC, NRCAN, Esri Japan, „i! �4hETl, Essl China (Hong Kong), Esri (Thailand), TornTorn, 2053 ESI NE Eu Sd°r se 3O4m °5 d m m xma Wyt EINE z>In s, HE Inn Pr NE SE st SE SSISI St SE2m14sI SE 5•014 St Rsers1, 15, #' i`' se 011,51 Sussinnals SE-31f NE «M1SINE Srld S5-175. E Raw 51 stsE ,ts Snd St SE sE swum sI Figure 2 -2. Vicinity Map Legend • — Airport Property Boundary 0 1,000 2,000 3,000 4,000 fiJr' 1•_•: (Approximate) Feet Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 2 -3 Page 23 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 2.1.3 On -Site Attractants As shown on Figure 5 -2, the airport property immediately west of the runway contains numerous large trees that attract hazardous wildlife. This property also contains several small areas of seasonal open water and some forested areas that attract hazardous wildlife. Open grass and turf areas at S50 also attract various species that pose a risk to aircraft operations and safety. 2.1.4 Regional (Off -Site) Wildlife Attractants The WHA also considered potential wildlife attractants that occur within a 5 -mile radius of S50 (Figures 4- 1 and 4 -2). Agricultural fields are present west and north of airport and within the critical zone for wildlife hazards (Figure 5 -2). The agricultural fields produce various crops and contain some pasture land and fallow fields. The agricultural fields were observed to attract various species of hazardous wildlife, including Canada geese, cackling geese and trumpeter swans, which due to their size and flocking characteristics can pose a significant threat to aircraft operations. The Green River Golf Course is located 0.75 mile east of the runway and includes several ponds that were observed to attract ducks and geese. The golf course is adjacent to the Green River, which also attracts waterfowl and gulls. 2.2 Wildlife Hazard Assessment Findings 2.2.1 S50 Wildlife Strike History According to the FAA database, a total of five wildlife strikes have been reported at S50 since January 1, 1990 (see Table 2 -1). Table 1 -1. Wildlife Strikes Recorded at S50 FAA Wildlife Strike Database (1990 to 2014) Date Aircraft Type Species Extent of Damage Number Struck Size Comments from Database 5/25/2014 C-120/140 Unknown Bird N 1 Small No dmg to a /c. Struck just after liftoff on It wing. 2/13/2011 PA -28 Gulls M 1 -- 4/15/2010 PA -28 Ducks N 2 -- On t/o roll, female and male duck flew in front of plane and were killed. T/o aborted. 3/24/2006 C-182 Skylan Unknown bird N 1 Medium On short final flew thru a flock of med sized birds. 1 strike on le of I wing. Remains of bird passed under wing and hit I flap which was deployed in Idg configuration. No obvious dmg. No remains found. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 2 -4 Page 24 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 1 -1. Wildlife Strikes Recorded at S50 FAA Wildlife Strike Database (1990 to 2014) Date Aircraft Type Species Extent of Damage Number Struck Size Comments from Database 5/12/1990 PA -44 Seminole Mallard S 1 Strike on left wing leading edge, approx 2.5 feet from wingtip. Leading edge pushed back approx 10 inches at deepest point. Leading edge skin torn at outboard seam. Caused airflow disruption so there was loss of reliable airspeed indication. Key: S – Substantial damage to civil aircraft M – Minor damage N – No damage to civil aircraft Source: FAA Wildlife Strike Database, accessed May 2015. Available at: ip://wildlife.faa.gov/database.asm As shown on Table 2 -1, all of the wildlife strikes recorded at S50 have been associated with avian species. Two of the five strikes were associated with unknown birds. Of the three remaining strikes, one strike was associated with ducks of unidentified species, one with gulls of unidentified species, and one with a mallard. The mallard strike resulted in substantial aircraft damage, and the gull strike resulted in minor aircraft damage. 2.3 Wildlife Hazard Assessment Results The monitoring locations associated with the 12 -month WHA study were selected to identify and document the presence of species that spend time in the local environment. Monitoring locations (points) were sited in areas where the majority of species were likely to frequent. Four on -site and four off -site monitoring locations were surveyed during the 12 -month WHA. The overall goal of the monitoring effort was to record all the species that have the potential— directly or indirectly —to increase the risk of interaction with aircraft or attract other species that could negatively affect airport operations. Four off -site wildlife locations were selected to determine the presence of wildlife within 5 miles of the airport. Each location was selected because it included characteristics that would likely attract wildlife. These sites offered ponded water, food, and opportunities for protection that are not available at other locations. The goal in selecting these areas was to monitor wildlife that did not necessarily frequent the airport, but might travel in airspace used by aircraft approaching or departing S50. The WHA concluded that S50 is located within a resource -rich area that supports abundant and diverse wildlife, and some of the species observed on and near the airport are known to pose hazards to aircraft. Wildlife management is ongoing at S50 in the absence of a formal WHMP. The S50 operations staff actively manages wildlife hazards on the airport. The operations staff uses vehicles and pyrotechnics to harass and disperse wildlife from the airfield. Some adjacent warehouse operations immediately west of the Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 2 -5 Page 25 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN runway manage rodents using poison bait stations and broadcast gull distress recordings. The City maintains netting on both on -site stormwater detention ponds to discourage birds from using these ponds. Based on the results of the WHA, three general recommendations were identified from the WHA, which are summarized in Sections 2.3.1 through 2.3.3. 2.3.1 Continue and Enhance Wildlife Hazard Management Practices The WHA acknowledges the ongoing passive and active wildlife management measures that are currently performed by the Airport Operations staff at S50. These management measures performed by staff at S50 were successful in managing for hazardous wildlife. To enhance ongoing measures, the WHA recommended three general recommendations: • Continue to develop and implement a wildlife hazard management program that includes a management structure and dedicated staff; • Identify and implement additional wildlife hazard management policies and procedures that can be incorporated into daily operations; and • Implement species- specific recommendations and management techniques. 2.3.2 Continue to Develop and Implement a Wildlife Hazard Management Program The WHA recommended that the City implement several policies and procedures under the direction of a Wildlife Coordinator: • Identify a wildlife hazard reporting and communication protocol; • Continue to monitor wildlife populations and use patterns; • Adopt a zero - tolerance policy toward hazardous wildlife; • Improve reporting of wildlife strikes and control actions; and • Maintain records of wildlife management efforts. 2.3.3 Implement Site - Specific Recommendations Several site - specific recommendations were identified for implementation using a phased approach. Specific techniques ranged from passive techniques that would discourage wildlife from using the airport to more direct techniques, such as hazing and removal, for species that persisted in using the airport despite the implementation of passive management techniques. Site - specific management techniques included: • Monitor habitats and features that attract hazardous wildlife (e.g., trees and woodlands on west side airport property); • Upgrade, maintain, and regularly inspect the perimeter fence; • Upgrade, maintain, and regularly inspect the netting system over the detention basins; and • Implementing species- specific recommendation and management measures. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 2 -6 Page 26 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN The highest management priority will be to remove trees within the AOA; specifically in the west side airport property. While the recommendations pertaining to habitat modification represent the initial and preferred method for dispersing populations of potentially hazardous wildlife species observed at S50, not all species will respond in the same manner and further action will likely be required to manage specific wildlife species. The continued use of pyrotechnics to haze wildlife and the use of lethal management to reinforce non - lethal techniques was determined to be the most prudent approach to address hazards associated with several species observed at S50. Species or groups of similar species for which direct management techniques were recommended included: corvids, blackbirds and starlings, gulls, waterfowl, raptors, shorebirds, sparrows, swallows, doves /pigeons, small mammals, and coyotes. These species were determined to pose the greatest threat to aircraft operations based on their potential to result in substantial damage to aircraft, or potential to support species that could substantially affect aircraft operations. (Janelle -This should answer your second part of question 6). Sections 3 through 8 of this WHMP provide policies and procedures to address the recommendations presented in the WHA and summarized in Sections 2.3.1 through 2.3.3. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 2 -7 Page 27 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 2 -8 Page 28 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 3 — Plan Authority, Roles, and Responsibilities 14 CFR Part 139.337(f)(1) & (5i): The individuals having authority and responsibility for implementing each aspect of the plan and designation of personnel responsible for implementing the procedures. The Airport Manager has the authority and responsibility for designating a Wildlife Coordinator to implement the WHMP. The Airport Manager is responsible for identifying the agencies responsible for implementing the measures identified in the WHMP and making sure that these measures are incorporated into various department and agency programs and activities. Clear communication and direction among airport personnel are essential elements of a successful WHMP. Personnel must communicate resource needs, recommendations, and progress to the designated Wildlife Coordinator. The Airport Manager is responsible for making sure that a WHMP is prepared and approved by the FAA and making sure that the WHMP and any subsequent amendments comply with federal, state, and local laws and regulations. 3.1 Wildlife Hazard Working Group A Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG) is composed of individuals from many departments /divisions. The purpose of the WHWG is to provide a forum for discussing ongoing issues associated with wildlife hazard management and to determining whether the measures identified in the WHMP are effective. The working group will meet at least annually, with intermittent meetings as necessary. The WHWG will include persons or representatives of the following airport departments or groups: • Airport Manager • Wildlife Coordinator /Airport Operations Manager • Airport Operations Staff • FBO Representative(s) • FAA- qualified Wildlife Biologist in accordance with AC 150/5200 -36A, "Qualifications for Wildlife Biologist Conducting Wildlife Hazard Assessments and Training Curriculums for Airport Personnel Involved in Controlling Wildlife Hazards on Airports." At minimum, the WHWG is responsible for reviewing the WHMP at least annually to determine whether revisions are necessary. Each re- evaluation effort will consider the duties and activities performed by each member of the group, and the status of the recommendations or efforts described in the WHMP. The WHWG will present proposed WHMP recommendations or revisions to the Wildlife Coordinator, who will consider the recommendation and approve proposed revisions to the WHMP. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 3 -1 Page 29 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 3.2 Staff Roles and Responsibilities This section provides an overview of the roles and responsibilities of S50 staff involved in wildlife related issues. Figure 3 -1 provides an organizational chart. Figure 3 -1 WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT CHAIN OF COMMAND Auburn Municipal Airport Mayor City of Auburn Airport Supervisor (Assigned by Mayor) Airport Manager Operations Manager Airport Staff Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 3 -2 Page 30 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 3.2.1 Airport Manager The Airport Manager provides the decision - making authority for major program decisions, controversial issues, or conflict resolution. Specific duties of the Airport Manager that are associated with WHMP implementation include: • Notifying the Wildlife Coordinator of proposed projects that could create hazardous wildlife attractants within 5 miles of S50; • Involving the Wildlife Coordinator in land use planning and mitigation efforts for projects on and near the airport; and • Involving the Wildlife Coordinator in the evaluation of permit procurement and agency coordination for activities in wetlands, streams, or mitigation sites. 3.2.2 Wildlife Coordinator /Airport Operations Manager The Airport Operations Manager serves as the Wildlife Coordinator. As the Wildlife Coordinator, the Airport Operations Manager is responsible for implementing the WHMP and its recommended measures (see Table 3 -1). The Wildlife Coordinator is also responsible for providing managerial support to ensure that sufficient resources are available to implement the plan. The Wildlife Coordinator must ensure that staff receives appropriate training to carry out their responsibilities as described in the WHMP. The Wildlife Coordinator also is responsible for maintaining an ongoing record of all management activities. Table 3 -1. Wildlife Coordinator Duties in Association with the WHMP Provide directions to the Operations Staff regarding WHMP policies, implementation and guidelines. • Provide both strategic guidance and operational direction to the program. • Provide guidance for program protocols, management decisions, or technical questions. Serve as decision maker for significant issues at the program level. • Plan and administer the budget for the program. • Coordinate technical issues with a FAA- qualified wildlife biologist. • Review proposed plans for their potential to increase wildlife hazards (e.g., landscaping plans). • Elevate issues to the Airport Manager as appropriate. Establish and chair the Wildlife Hazard Working Group (WHWG). • Describe and disseminate information and wildlife hazard management assignments through the WHWG. • Review and update the WHMP at least annually or as necessary. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 3 -3 Page 31 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 3 -1. Wildlife Coordinator Duties in Association with the WHMP Serve as WHMP and Program Liaison for both internal and external departments and agencies. • Communicate with /brief airport management on the WHMP program progress, management activities, and controversial issues, and relay management guidance to members of the Operations staff /airfield attendants. • Actively engage regulatory agencies, airport staff, and the public in dialog to foster the management objectives of the program. • Participate with local, state, and federal agencies on land use decisions that could attract wildlife species of concern to properties around the airport. • Provide public relations support for wildlife hazard management activities as necessary. • Serve as the WHMP program liaison with the FAA. Provide training for wildlife hazard management activities and supervise the Operations staff in WHMP implementation. • Ensure that only properly trained staff perform wildlife hazard management activities in the AOA in accordance with FAA regulations. • Train, supervise, coordinate, and monitor activities of the Operations Staff, as outlined in the WHMP, especially with regard to: the safe use of firearms and pyrotechnics, radio communications, driving on the AOA, and appropriate use of methods and techniques to resolve wildlife risks. Manage /oversee ongoing wildlife hazard management activities. • Ensure that the WHMP is consistent with the current CFR Title 14 FAR Part 139.337. • Alleviate hazardous wildlife attractants deemed an imminent hazard. • Coordinate the issuance of Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs) pertaining to wildlife hazards. • Monitor facilities and tenant concerns with wildlife conflicts. • Obtain and maintain permits for wildlife depredation, harassment, capture, marking, and relocation from federal or state wildlife agencies to control protected birds and mammals. Serve as liaison /coordinator for proposed on -site and off -site development projects. • Coordinate with consulting environmental staff for all modifications planned in wetlands, streams, stormwater facilities, or mitigation areas with required stakeholders. • Work to alter wildlife habitat as needed to minimize hazardous wildlife attractants on S50 property. • Review plans involving land use change to avoid inadvertently attracting wildlife to the area and obtain the opinion of a qualified wildlife biologist when necessary to determine project impacts. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 3 -4 Page 32 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 3 -1. Wildlife Coordinator Duties in Association with the WHMP Ongoing activities • Maintain a log of wildlife strikes and control actions and forward strike reports to FAA. Identify and Alleviate Imminent Hazards. • Document control actions and make documentation available upon Prepare /maintain documentation. request. • Make electronic or hard copy reporting of wildlife strikes to FAA's National Wildlife Strike Database available to airport operations and wildlife. 3.2.3 Airport Staff The Airport Staff at S50 includes the Airport Operations Supervisor, who serves as the Wildlife Coordinator, and other airport personnel. The Airport Staff is responsible for assisting the Wildlife Coordinator, as requested, and providing frequent updates regarding wildlife management issues to the Wildlife Coordinator. Table 3 -2 Airport Staff — Wildlife Hazard Management Responsibilities Ongoing activities • Conduct regular runway inspections to identify and remove dead or injured wildlife. • Inspect aircraft and the AOA for wildlife remains. • Inspect critical areas for wildlife activity and strikes and maintain a record of the action, even if no wildlife was present. • Ensure that wildlife- attracting refuse does not accumulate in fields and ditches on the airport. • Assist with wildlife control activities involving rodents, bird abatement, and other programs. Identify and Alleviate Imminent Hazards. • Inform the pilots of imminent wildlife hazards. • Alleviate all attractants deemed an imminent hazard and, if necessary, coordinate a runway closure until the wildlife hazards is removed or resolved. Perform routine maintenance to prevent or reduce wildlife hazards. • Maintain ditches and drains to ensure that water flows, thereby avoiding pooling and accumulation of refuse on the airport. • Maintain netting or wire grids over retention ponds as determined necessary by the Wildlife Coordinator. • Maintain the perimeter fence line to exclude large mammals such as coyotes. • Minimize pooling water formed by rain on tarmac and infield areas, and grade or drain if necessary. • Assist with or identify resources to implement habitat modification measures identified in the WHMP, such as vegetation maintenance, brush /tree removal, and tree pruning. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 3 -5 Page 33 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 3 -2 Airport Staff — Wildlife Hazard Management Responsibilities • Inform the Wildlife Coordinator about the presence of rodents and other wildlife found in and around buildings. • Involve the Wildlife Coordinator with project proposals that could potentially result in hazardous wildlife attractants within 5 miles of S50. Provide ongoing support to Wildlife • Involve the Wildlife Coordinator with land use planning and Coordinator. mitigation efforts. • Assist the Wildlife Coordinator in evaluating permit requirements and agency coordination for activities in wetlands, streams, or on mitigation sites. • Log all known wildlife strikes on the online electronic strike report (see Appendix C) and forward the forms to the Wildlife Coordinator. Report and document wildlife hazards. • Record all wildlife activity or animals dispersed or lethally managed on the "Wildlife Log" (see Appendix D) and forward the report to the Wildlife Coordinator. 3.3 Federal Aviation Administration The FAA provides the regulatory and procedural framework for preparing wildlife hazard management on FAR Part 139 and federally obligated airports. Regional FAA staff support wildlife hazard management efforts through the following activities: • Reviewing and approving the WHMP; • Providing assistance in reviewing proposed land use changes, construction plans, and mitigation projects for potential wildlife hazards to aircraft as necessary; and • Reviewing changes or revisions to the WHMP. 3.4 FAA - Qualified Wildlife Biologist The FAA- qualified wildlife biologist is responsible for providing ongoing assistance to airport staff during the preparation and implementation of its WHMP. The FAA- Qualified Wildlife Biologist is a consultant to the City whose specific duties include: • Training airport personnel about wildlife hazards awareness; • Instructing airport staff in the safe handling and proper use of wildlife dispersal equipment and techniques; • Assisting airport management by reviewing proposed land use changes, construction plans, and mitigation projects for potential wildlife hazards to aircraft; and • Providing ongoing consultation regarding wildlife hazard management issues as they arise. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 3 -6 Page 34 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 4 — Resources 14 CFR Part 139.337(1)(4) Identification of resources to be provided by the certificate holder for implementation of the plan. 4.1 Wildlife Hazard Management Materials Habitat management and wildlife management supplies can be purchased from several companies. The Wildlife Coordinator is responsible for ensuring that an adequate supply of equipment is available for use by trained personnel. Table 4 -1 summarizes the wildlife hazard materials that should always be available at the airport for use by appropriately trained staff: Table 4 -1. Wildlife Hazard Management Supplies Item Description and Quantity Information and Documentation A copy of the WHMP. Bird and mammal identification guides. A copy of each guide will be kept in all vehicles used to inspect the airfield, and an additional copy will be kept in the Wildlife Coordinator's office. Wildlife Log forms (see Appendix D). Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage Manual (see Section 7.1). Pyrotechnics supplies Launchers. The airport will maintain a supply of 15 mm pyrotechnic pistol launchers and caps. One pistol launcher will be available in each vehicle that does airfield inspections. Screamers and Bird Bangers. Will be available in each vehicle used for airfield inspections, and one week's supply will be available in storage. Personnel Safety Equipment. Eye and hearing protection will be maintained in each vehicle used for airfield inspections. Protective eye goggles, ear protection and a fire extinguisher will be included in each vehicle, and extras will be maintained at all times. Binoculars. One pair of binoculars will be kept in each vehicle used to perform airfield inspections. Spotlight. A spotlight will be available for night surveys and operations. Wildlife Log. A logbook /computer file will be available to document daily observations pertaining to wildlife hazards and all management activities. Firearm/ammunition If lethal control is necessary, the airport will maintain a firearm and non -toxic ammunition for use by appropriately trained airport employees in addition to the Wildlife Coordinator. A cleaning kit for all firearms will also be provided. Miscellaneous Equipment Latex gloves Garbage bags Gallon -size food storage bags Hand- or vehicle- equipped two -way radio Note: It is the responsibility of the airport operator to ensure these items can be procured in a timely manner. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 4 -1 Page 35 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 4.2 Airport Operations and Safety The Airport Operations Staff is responsible for responding to emergency calls from airport users to disperse animals from the runways. The airport operations vehicles will be stocked with the supplies identified in Table 4 -1 to facilitate an immediate response. When responding to emergency calls, staff must maintain radio communications with aircraft, and the inspections must operate within the air movement areas according to FAA guidelines. 4.3 Budget Allocation The Wildlife Coordinator will be responsible for monitoring expenses and developing an annual budget for wildlife hazard management expenses and submitting the budget to the Airport Manager. The operating and maintenance budget allocations would initially include funding for equipment, materials, and supplies, along with contracted tree removal services. Many items are one -time expenses and others reoccurring. An ongoing review of wildlife management expenses and supplies is necessary to determine the appropriate financial support necessary to equip staff and support wildlife hazard management activities. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 4 -2 Page 36 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 5 — Management Strategies 14 CFR Part 139.337(f0(2ii, iii) Priorities for needed habitat modification and changes in land use identified in the wildlife hazard assessment with target dates for completion. 5.1 Overview Habitat management provides the most effective long -term solution for reducing wildlife hazards on and near airports. Habitat management includes the physical removal, exclusion, or manipulation of areas that are attractive to wildlife. The prioritized measures presented in this chapter are designed to reduce wildlife risks associated with on -site habitats at S50. The ultimate goal is to create a monoculture or make the airport environs less attractive to the species that are considered the greatest hazard to aviation. Habitat modification efforts must be monitored carefully following implementation to ensure that the proposed measures are effective in reducing the presence of potentially hazardous wildlife at the airport and do not inadvertently attract more or different wildlife. Tables 5 -1, 5 -2, and 5 -3 present prioritized lists of habitat, maintenance /management, and population management measures based on the recommendations presented in the WHA and target dates for their completion. An incremental and adaptive approach to population management will be utilized to achieve results with individuals or populations. For more on this approach, see Section 7.1. Each management measure is categorized by priority: critical, high, moderate, or low. The measures were prioritized based on the circumstances and wildlife observed during the WHA, and the likely impact that each measure could have on the hazards identified. 5.1.1 Proposed Habitat Modification Measures Table 5 -1 presents proposed habitat modification measures to reduce the risk of wildlife hazards at S50. Each measure is presented with a proposed target date for completion. It should be noted that some of the projects presented in Table 5 -1 may already be underway, but because they require a continued effort (e.g., mow and maintain grass at 6 to 12 inches), they are listed as "ongoing." Table 5 -1. Proposed Habitat Modification Measures Proposed Measure Priority Target Date Date Completed Remove trees on airport property directly west of runway Critical Summer 2016 Ongoing Remove all trees within the airport perimeter fence High Summer 2016 Ongoing Maintain grass at a height of 6 to 12 inches High Ongoing Ongoing Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -1 Page 37 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.1.2 General Maintenance /Management Measures Table 5 -2 presents general maintenance /management measures that will be implemented to reduce the wildlife hazards at S50. Each measure is presented with a proposed target date for completion. Note that some of the projects may have already been implemented, but because they require continued effort (e.g., maintain and regularly inspect perimeter fence), they are listed as "ongoing." Table 5 -2. General Maintenance /Management Actions Proposed Measures Priority Target Date Date Completed Develop and maintain a WHMP Critical Summer 2015 Summer 2015 Monitor the public park -n -ride facility to the south of the airfield for the presence of hazardous wildlife Critical Ongoing Ongoing Continue routine (daily) wildlife management activities High Ongoing Ongoing Inspect and maintain perimeter fence and gates for holes High Ongoing Ongoing Inspect and maintain netting system over detention basins High Ongoing Ongoing Monitor property structures to prevent birds form roosting or nesting Moderate Ongoing Ongoing Monitor the open aircraft hangars for swallow nesting Moderate Ongoing Ongoing Install new west side perimeter fence Moderate Spring 2019 Summer 2019 5.1.3 Population Management Measures Table 5 -3 presents a prioritized list of species- specific population management actions. The actions are proposed to reduce the overall presence and abundance of species that were identified as posing the greatest threats to aircraft operations at S50. Each project is presented with a proposed target date for completion. Note that some of the may have already been implemented or completed, but because they require a continued effort (e.g., maintain a zero - tolerance policy towards hazardous species and events), they are listed as "ongoing." Table 5 -3. Population Management Measures Proposed Measures Priority Target Date Date Completed Maintain a zero - tolerance policy towards hazardous species and events Critical Ongoing Ongoing Maintain a federal Migratory Bird Depredation Permit and a state depredation permit for lethal control of hazardous wildlife within the AOA Critical Summer 2015 Ongoing Continue to monitor wildlife populations and patterns Critical Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage blackbirds /starlings that enter the AOA Critical Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage corvids that enter the AOA High Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage waterfowl that enter the AOA High Ongoing Ongoing Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -2 Page 38 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 5 -3. Population Management Measures Proposed Measures Priority Target Date Date Completed Monitor and manage gulls that enter the AOA High Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage raptors that enter the AOA Moderate Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage shorebirds within the AOA Low Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage sparrows that enter the AOA Low Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage swallows that enter the AOA Low Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage doves and pigeons that frequent the AOA Low Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage small mammals that frequent the AOA Low Ongoing Ongoing Monitor and manage coyotes that frequent the AOA Low Ongoing Ongoing 5.2 Wildlife Attractants On and Near S50 General Zone The general zone is the area within a 5 -mile radius of S50 as measured from the nearest aircraft movement area (see Figure 5 -1). For S50, the general zone was identified based on its distance from the airport boundary. Wildlife attractants in this area, especially those that lie within the approach and departure surface, have the potential to affect aircraft safety. The primary objective of the WHMP is to actively reduce attractive wildlife habitat on airport property and work cooperatively with other property owners /managers in the general zone to reduce or discourage land -use practices that might pose wildlife hazards. Critical Zone The critical zone is the area within 10,000 feet of S50 as measured from the nearest aircraft movement area (see Figure 5 -2). The management measures presented in the WHMP will focus on the critical zone, because aircraft typically operate within this area during approaches and departures at altitudes of less than 1,000 feet. According to the FAA, approximately 90 percent of all civil bird - aircraft strikes occur within 10,000 feet of the airfield from which they depart or arrive. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -3 Page 39 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Legend p5 -mile Radius Airport Property Boundary (Approximate) - Runway - Stream Lake /Open Water Figure 5 -1. 5 -mile Radius Map 0 05 1 2 3 Image Source: FSA- NAIP2013 King County Mosaic, lm 411\.111e5 Wildlife Hazard Management Plan Aubum Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A Page 40 of 132 July 2015 Page 5-4 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Legend =Separation Distance Airport Property Boundary (Approximate) - Runway - Stream Wildlife Attractant •'� ' `- l I: et,, w tY: "rte 3� Emefald Downs Smi Figure 5 -2. FAA Critical Zone (10,000 -foot Separation Distance) and Observed Wildlife Attractants I mag¢ Seise, FsA -w.iP 20-13 King County unsae, 1 r 0 0.25 0.5 1 1 -5 2 Miles Wildlife Hazard Management Plan Aubum Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A Page 41 of 132 July 2015 Page 5 -5 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Potential wildlife attractants identified within this zone include: • West side airport property (see Section 5.6.1) • Public park -n -ride (south of the airport) (see Section 5.7.3) • Emerald Downs (see Section 5.5.2) • Green River Golf Course (see Section 5.5.2) • Other open water basins (see Section 5.5.2) • Agricultural fields (see Section 5.4) • Trees (see Section 5.6.1) 5.3 Structure Management Structures can attract potentially hazardous wildlife by providing cover and perches for hunting. Wildlife management will be considered whenever new structures are proposed to prevent the creation of nesting, perching, or roosting sites for birds and to inhibit access by mammals. 5.3.1 Airfield Structures Airfield structures, such as runway lights, ramp and taxiway signs, and light poles, can be used as hunting and loafing perches for birds such as hawks. Lights attract insects at night, which, in turn, attract bats and nighthawks. Structures found to routinely attract birds in a hazardous manner will be fitted with wire coils or porcupine wire (e.g., Nixalite). 5.3.2 Perimeter Fence and Gates The perimeter fence is a critical component for excluding mammals from the airfield. The airport is surrounded by a perimeter fence that is in generally good condition. One possible entry point for coyotes, foxes, and dogs may be through gaps either underneath or between several of the gates or perimeter fence on the airfield. Gaps around the gate or where the gates meet or attach to the post can increase over time due to freeze thaw action. All gates should close securely, and any gaps greater than 3 inches should be eliminated to prevent coyotes, fox, and dogs from gaining access to the airfield. Gaps to allow for ground clearance and attachment to posts must be no greater than 3 inches. Gates that require bottom gaps in excess of 3 inches can be fitted with rubber or flexible flaps to prevent animal access. The gates must be maintained to remain as secure as possible and to prevent entry by animals. To maintain a clear view of the fence, the vegetation growing on or near the perimeter fence should be removed at least annually using mechanical methods or applications of herbicide. The Operations Staff is responsible for monitoring the perimeter fence and gates and performing maintenance to meet this standard. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -6 Page 42 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.3.3 Airport Construction Projects The Wildlife Coordinator will participate in the initial and early phases of all airport construction projects and seek input from an FAA- qualified wildlife biologist to identify and avoid any project features or activities that would inadvertently increase wildlife hazards, such as proposed architectural or landscape changes. Early participation will be required to ensure that new projects and construction activities are designed in a manner that minimizes wildlife attractants prior to detailed design efforts. All proposed airport development projects must include early coordination with the FAA Seattle Airports District Office (ADO). Coordination should be conducted prior to the submittal of FAA Form 7460-land the implementation of any airport development measure. The ADO will review the proposed project to determine whether the project is eligible for the Airport Improvement Program (AIP) and to determine whether the project will require environmental analysis and documentation. If requested, the ADO can review proposed construction activities for their potential to attract wildlife attractions before the FAA Form 7460 -1 application is submitted. 5.4 Non - Airport Land Use Changes The Wildlife Coordinator will monitor and participate in the review of land use changes proposed by other City Departments, County agencies, or private developers that would occur within the general zone. For example, the Wildlife Coordinator will ensure that proposed stormwater management facilities and landscaping associated with proposed land use changes are reviewed by an FAA- qualified Wildlife Biologist to avoid the inadvertent creation of wildlife hazards to aircraft within the general zone. Such participation will require coordination with the local planning agencies to identify and review proposed land -use changes prior to discretionary approvals. If projects cannot be reasonably modified before construction to mitigate wildlife hazards, the Wildlife Coordinator will monitor the project area following construction to identify potential activity by hazardous wildlife activity and to offer recommendations on how these hazards might be reduced. The FAA's Seattle ADO and Safety and Standards Branch of the FAA Northwest Mountain Region can provide technical guidance to S50 in addressing land use compatibility issues. S50 or the FAA may request assistance from the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Wildlife Services (USDA -WS), per the Memorandum of Understanding between FAA and Wildlife Services (see Appendix E). The USDA -WS can provide technical recommendations to address issues or concerns associated with the proposed project or land - use change. The Wildlife Coordinator will discourage proposed projects that are likely to attract or increase the abundance of potentially hazardous wildlife within the general zone or suggest potential measures to reduce hazards. Incompatible land uses or infrastructure development within the critical zone may include such items as water reservoirs, parks with artificial ponds, wetlands, waste handling facilities, agriculture, and wildlife refuges /sanctuaries. If possible, the Wildlife Coordinator will review development plans for incompatible land uses within the general zone. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -7 Page 43 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN The City of Auburn's Community Development Services Department is responsible for implementing City policies that direct the physical development of the City. Policy implementation and project analysis include establishing conformance to local goals for development, adopted growth management goals, open space and agricultural preservation, and identifying environmental consequences. The Wildlife Coordinator will serve as the liaison between the Airport Department and the Community Development Services Department to review proposed land use changes that have the potential to affect land use within the critical zone and to prevent the development of new or inadvertent wildlife attractants. 5.5 Water Management Off -site water features (i.e., Mill Creek, Green River, Emerald Downs) were observed to attract potentially hazardous wildlife. The Wildlife Coordinator and Operations Staff will continue to monitor these areas at regular intervals. 5.5.1 Temporary Open Water Features The Wildlife Coordinator and Operations Staff will continue to monitor temporary open water features on airport property. The operation staff must eliminate standing water as soon as it accumulates. The Wildlife Coordinator will also investigate options to retrofit drainage facilities and divert runoff so that water does not accumulate for periods of more than 48 hours following a 10 -year storm event. 5.5.2 Permanent Open Water Sources Permanent open water sources are located near the airport (shown in Figure 5 -3). Mill Creek, the Green River, and the water located at Emerald Downs, were monitored during WHA field studies and reported to attract hazardous wildlife. The Wildlife Coordinator and Operations Staff will continue to monitor these water features regularly because they are situated within the critical area and are known to attract hazardous wildlife. Wildlife movement between Mill Creek /Green River /Emerald Downs and woodlands to the west of the airport is likely. If wildlife associated with these features becomes noticeably hazardous to airport operations, the Wildlife Coordinator will work cooperatively with the City and adjacent property owners to deter and /or remove hazardous wildlife. 5.5.3 Temporary or Seasonal Standing Water If areas (see Section 5.5.1) that receive runoff during seasonal rainfall events result in the creation of temporary standing water on airport property, the Wildlife Coordinator will investigate options to retrofit facilities or divert runoff in these areas so that water is not accumulated for more than 48 hours and monitor the area for wildlife use. The standing water can attract several bird species, especially shorebirds during migration. 5.5.4 Stormwater Management Two detention basins located on the north end of the S50 airfield could pose a risk to aircraft. The basins are equipped with a wire grid system that is designed to prevent birds from accessing the basins when they Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -8 Page 44 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN retain water. The grid was observed to be in generally good condition. However, during the WHA field studies, birds (e.g., waterfowl and corvids) were observed to enter the basins by passing under the grid in areas where it was not flush with the ground. The Wildlife Coordinator will monitor these features and take appropriate mitigation techniques if wildlife is observed. FAA warns against the creation of open water ponds within the critical zone, and alternative stormwater facilities should be constructed whenever possible. Should any new stormwater detention ponds be proposed in the critical zone, the Wildlife Coordinator will review the proposed design to ensure that they comply with Section 2 -3.b of FAA AC 150/5200 -33B, "Wildlife Hazard Attractants on and Near Airports (see Appendix F), which states: On- airport stormwater detention ponds will be designed, engineered, constructed, and maintained for a maximum 48 -hour detention period for the design storm and remain completely dry between storms. To facilitate the control of hazardous wildlife, the FAA recommends the use of steep- sided, narrow, linearly shaped water detention basins. When it is not possible to place these ponds away from the airport's AOA, airport operators will use physical barriers, such as bird balls, wire grids, or netting to prevent access of hazardous wildlife to open water and minimize aircraft- wildlife interactions. When physical barriers are used, airport operators must evaluate their use and ensure they will not adversely affect water rescue. Before installing any physical barriers over detention ponds on Part 139 airports, airport operators must get approval from the appropriate FAA Regional Airports Division Office. All vegetation in or around detention basins that provides food or cover for hazardous wildlife will be eliminated. If stormwater management structures are observed to attract wildlife species of concern, the Wildlife Coordinator will implement appropriate species- specific mitigation techniques to reduce the potential wildlife threat. Any detention structure that is proposed within the critical zone and is not constructed according to the listed guidelines will be opposed by the Wildlife Coordinator and a record of such action will be maintained. 5.6 Vegetation Management Current on -site vegetation observed during WHA field studies was identified as attractive to potentially hazardous wildlife. 5.6.1 Tree Removal The trees just west of the runway and within the west side property are major attractants for hazardous wildlife. The airfield AOA should be free of trees. The pruning of tree limbs in the interior of trees may need to occur until the trees can be removed. The Wildlife Coordinator and Operations Staff will remove the trees as stated and in accordance with state and local regulations. 5.6.2 Grass Management Other than paved areas, grass is the primary cover inside the perimeter security fence. FAA Certalert No. 98 -05 (see Appendix G) states, "Airport operators should ensure that grass species and other varieties of plants attractive to hazardous wildlife are not used on the airport." In addition, grasses that produce large seeds and are known to be attractive to wildlife will be avoided when planting new areas. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -9 Page 45 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.6.2.1 Grass Type The type of grass used within the perimeter fence and between the runways should produce few seeds but be able to generate new growth or re -seed itself to provide a thick, monotypic stand and prevent erosion. The selected ground cover should be somewhat unpalatable to grazers such as geese and wild ducks. The grasses will also harbor relatively few insects and rodents that may attract hawks, owls, starlings, and other hazardous wildlife species. USDA -WS research has indicated that several varieties of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea), if allowed to grow to a height of 6 to 12 inches, is unattractive to waterfowl because of a fungus (endophyte) harbored by the plant, and the fescue will generally preclude other more attractive grass species from invading the airfield. Disturbed areas slated for re- seeding will not use cover crops such as wheat, oats, or other grain to prevent introduction of wildlife food resources. Areas that will be re- planted will be reviewed by the Wildlife Coordinator to determine the correct variety of fescue to use within these areas. 5.6.2.2 Grass Height Grass height throughout the airfield will be maintained at a height of 6 to 12 inches. Grass must be mowed before it goes to seed so that it does not become a food source for seed - eating birds. Grass heights must be maintained throughout the year. 5.6.2.3 Mowing Mowing is attractive to several species of birds and mammals because it exposes food sources such as rodents, insects, worms, and seeds. If mowing is conducted during the day and birds are attracted to the activity, the mowing must stop until the birds have been successfully hazed from the area. If a pattern of increased wildlife presence is observed during daytime mowing, night mowing will be considered to take advantage of reduced air traffic and inactivity of birds. Mowing activities will be coordinated with the Wildlife Coordinator. It is also critical that maintenance personnel assigned to mowing be trained to identify and respond to wildlife hazards, and to report their responses so that they may be entered into the wildlife log. 5.6.3 Ornamental Landscaping While landscaping at the airport should be aesthetically pleasing, it must not attract potentially hazardous wildlife to compromise the safety of the traveling public. For example, trees and bushes offer hunting perches, roosting and loafing sites, nesting cover, and food for birds and other wildlife. The Wildlife Coordinator will review proposed landscaping plans to identify and eliminate potentially attractive species. Trees that are not removed will be actively managed. All plant species that provide food, perching, or roosting opportunities for wildlife should be removed, and all proposed plantings associated with new projects will be reviewed for their potential to attract hazardous wildlife. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -10 Page 46 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 5.7 Food /Prey -Base Management Rodents, rabbits, insects, earthworms, and other invertebrates are very attractive to many species of birds and mammals and will be managed where feasible. Handouts, trash, and scattered debris also provide food for wildlife. The modification or management of a wide variety of habitats such as wildlife- attracting vegetation and removal of abandoned structures will reduce populations of potentially hazardous wildlife by limiting cover, the prey -base, and predators. 5.7.1 Rodents Rodents can provide a significant secondary hazard to aircraft operations because they provide a food source for predatory birds and mammals. The likelihood of a wildlife strike at S50 involving a bird or mammal that is attracted to the rodent population is high. The potential impact associated with such a strikes would vary based on the species struck (i.e., larger species cause greater damage). The City should consider the lethal control of rodents using pesticide treatment in accordance with Washington state law. 5.7.2 Insects and Other Invertebrates Insects and other invertebrates (e.g., earthworms, crickets, grasshoppers, spiders, etc.) can attract many species of wildlife, particularly swallows, gulls, and European starlings. Insect populations will be monitored periodically by the Wildlife Coordinator to determine if they are present in sufficient numbers to attract wildlife. Although habitat management can help to reduce populations, the airport will continue to monitor these populations for outbreaks and consult with an FAA - qualified wildlife biologist. 5.7.3 Trash, Debris, and Handouts Trash and debris are often responsible for attracting species such as gulls, crows, and pigeons. S50 Operations Staff must continue to conduct trash and FOD (foreign object debris /damage) collection sweeps on the airfield, especially after high winds. Dumpster lids must remain closed at all times to prevent wildlife access. Airport operations must inspect and monitor the public park -n -ride south of the airport for the presence of trash and debris that collects in the area and attracts hazardous wildlife. The City of Auburn and S50 should establish and enforce firm policies regarding the feeding of wildlife at the public park -n -ride and the appropriate disposal of trash at this location. The public was observed feeding wildlife at this location during the 12 -month WHA. S50 staff will provide appropriate education and will post signs at the park -n -ride to discourage such behavior. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -11 Page 47 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 5 -12 Page 48 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 6 — Laws and Regulations 14 CFR Part 139.337(f)(3) Requirements for and, where applicable, copies of local, state, and Federal wildlife management permits. Federal, state, and local governments administer laws and regulations that protect wildlife and their habitat, and many of these laws affect the implementation of wildlife management measures at airports. Airport staff members responsible for managing must receive training about these regulations to ensure compliance. In general, harassing and /or taking most types of wildlife is regulated through federal or state agencies and permit processes. The Wildlife Coordinator is responsible for procuring all federal and state permits necessary for wildlife management. Such permits must be updated regularly and made available by the Wildlife Coordinator upon request. 6.1 FAA Advisory Circulars and Certalerts The FAA is the federal agency responsible for developing and enforcing air transportation safety regulations. Many of these regulations are codified in Title 14 of the CFR. The FAA also publishes a series of guidelines for airport operators to follow, which are called Advisory Circulars (ACs). ACs in the 150 series deal with airport safety issues, including wildlife hazards. In addition to ACs, the FAA periodically issues Certalerts for internal distribution and to provide recommendations on specific issues for inspectors and airport personnel. All of the above - mentioned regulations, ACs, and Certalerts are revised periodically, and their current status must be verified on a regular basis using FAA's website (www.faa.gov). ACs associated with site - specific conditions are presented as appendices to the WHMP. 6.2 Federal Regulations Several federal laws, including the Migratory Bird Treaty Act (MBTA), the Lacey Act, the Endangered Species Act, Eagle Protection Act, the Clean Water Act, the National Environmental Policy Act, and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act, regulate various aspects of S50's wildlife management activities. The regulations that may affect wildlife management activities at S50 are found in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), and several federal agencies may be responsible for their implementation. Federal wildlife laws are typically administered by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) and involve primarily migratory birds and federally listed threatened and endangered species. 6.3 State of Washington Wildlife Regulations Several Washington state government agencies have regulations that affect wildlife management at airports. Pertinent regulations can be found in the Washington Wildlife Code. King /Pierce County and City municipal ordinances can also affect wildlife management efforts. State wildlife laws involving resident birds and mammals, as well as state listed, threatened, and endangered species are codified in the Washington Administrative Code (WAC) and Revised Code of Washington (RCW). Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -1 Page 49 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.4 Wildlife Categories Federal (CFR Title 50) and Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife regulations define the categories of wildlife and regulations related to their management. For the purposes of this document, feral and free ranging dogs, cats, and other domestic animals are considered "wildlife" because of the hazards they may pose to aircraft, but they are mostly regulated under other municipal ordinances. Wildlife categories (see Table 6 -1) include migratory and resident, game and non -game, and threatened and endangered species. Wildlife management personnel will understand the category for the species that require management to determine the applicable laws and permit requirements. Table 6 -1. Wildlife Categories in Washington and Permits for Lethal Management as Required by Federal and State Wildlife Agencies Category Species State Permit Required State Permit Obtained Federal Permit Required Federal Permit Obtained Resident Game Birds Quail, pheasant, grouse, wild turkey Yes No No N/A Resident Nongame Birds Starlings, house sparrows, pigeons, monk parakeets No N/A No N/A Migratory Game Birds Wild ducks and geese, coots, gallinules, snipe and mourning doves Yes No Yes No Migratory Nongame Birds All species except game birds, resident nongame birds, and domestic and exotic birds (including hawks, gulls, vultures, herons, egrets) No N/A Yes No Depredation Order Birds(1) Crows, magpies, blackbirds, cowbirds Yes, crows only N/A No N/A Domestic Birds Domestic poultry, domestic ducks & geese No N/A No N/A Big and Small Game Mammals Deer, elk, bear, rabbits, Yes No No N/A Furbearers Beaver, foxes, mink, muskrat, otter, raccoon Yes No No N/A Nongame Mammals All species of mammals except game, furbearers, domestic and fully protected wildlife listed in 6 -2 No N/A No N/A Feral Domestic Mammals Dogs, cats, livestock No — Call local animal control N/A No N/A Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -2 Page 50 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Table 6 -1. Wildlife Categories in Washington and Permits for Lethal Management as Required by Federal and State Wildlife Agencies Category Species State Permit Required State Permit Obtained Federal Permit Required Federal Permit Obtained Reptiles And Amphibians All reptiles and amphibians except those listed as threatened or endangered Yes No No N/A Fully Protected Wildlife(2) Threatened and Endangered species Yes No Yes No May be taken without permits "when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance" (50 CFR §21.43). 2 Any person may take threatened or endangered wildlife in defense of his life or the life of others. 6.5 General Regulations for Wildlife Management Several regulations and permits apply to wildlife management activities at airports in Washington. Many of these regulations relate to safety, methods, and special considerations or restrictions that are usually specified on the depredation permits. The City /S50 currently does not hold federal or state permits for lethal management of wildlife at the airport. 6.6 Birds Most bird species observed on or near S50 that are regulated by federal and state laws as discussed in Section 6.6.1 through Section 6.6.6. 6.6.1 Resident Game Birds Resident game birds (e.g., grouse, wild turkey, quail, etc.) are non - migratory. Although they are not managed by the MBTA (and no federal permit is required for take), they are protected by state law and a state permit is required prior to lethal control or "take." Resident game birds were not observed at the airport. 6.6.2 Resident Nongame Birds Starlings, pigeons, and house sparrows are resident non -game birds that are classified as non - migratory and no permit is required to take them. Resident nongame birds were observed on the airport. 6.6.3 Domestic Birds Currently, state and federal laws do not regulate these species (e.g., domestic ducks, domestic geese, domestic poultry, etc.) and no permit is required to take them. Domestic waterfowl may become a problem if they are abandoned or live on or nearby airport property. They can attract wild waterfowl into critical areas and across S50 flight paths. Only personnel trained to distinguish the differences between domestic and wild waterfowl, which can be quite similar in appearance, will be involved with removal of these species. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -3 Page 51 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN If other species of feral poultry or domestic birds are observed within the critical area at S50, the Wildlife Coordinator will be contacted for assistance with management methods. 6.6.4 Migratory Game Birds Migratory game birds (e.g., wild ducks and geese, coots, gallinules, mourning doves, etc.) are regulated under federal law by the USFWS through the regulations contained within the MBTA. These regulations allow harassment of migratory birds when the birds are damaging property (e.g., harassing Canada geese and mallard ducks), but a permit is required for lethal take. Migratory bird permits are not valid for eagles or threatened /endangered species, which require separate permits for harassment and lethal take. Although states can impose more restrictive regulation than federal law on migratory birds, Washington requires additional state permits for migratory birds that are regulated under federal law. 6.6.4.1 Migratory Bird Depredation Permit for S50 (CFR 50, Part 13) A depredation permit to take federally protected migratory birds can be obtained by completing a Federal Fish and Wildlife License /Permit Application and submitting it to the USFWS. The USFWS requires that a Migratory Bird Damage Project Report completed by USDA -WS accompany the permit application. The Wildlife Coordinator will be responsible for applying for and the required annual renewal of the commonwealth and federal depredation permit, and will submit a report to the USFWS within 10 days of the expiration date detailing the species and number of animals taken under the permit. Details for the permit uses are given below. 6.6.4.2 Reporting Management Actions to USFWS S50 will receive a federal depredation permit annual report form from the USFWS by January of each year. S50 will complete and submit a report of the animals taken to USDA -WS to fulfill the requirements of this section and the federal permit. USDA -WS will complete a Migratory Bird Damage Report and forward it along with S50's annual report to the USFWS. This report could be generated from a computerized database containing all wildlife management actions on S50. DEPREDATION PERMITS (CFR 50 Part 21.41) MANAGEMENT OF DEPREDATING BIRDS (a) Permit requirement. Except as provided in 21.42 through 21.46, a depredation permit is required before any person may take, possess, or transport migratory birds for depredation control purposes. No permit is required merely to scare or herd depredating migratory birds other than endangered or threatened species or bald or golden eagles. (b) Application procedures. Submit application for depredation permits to the appropriate Regional Director (Attention: Migratory bird permit office). You can find addresses for the Regional Directors in 50 CFR 2.2. Each application must contain the general information and certification required in §13.12(a) of this subchapter, and the following additional information: (1) A description of the area depredations are occurring; (2) The nature of the crops or other interests being injured; (3) The extent of such injury; and (4) The particular species of migratory birds committing the injury. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -4 Page 52 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN (c) Additional permit conditions. In addition to the general conditions set forth in Part 13 of this Subchapter B, depredation permits shall be subject to the following conditions: (1) Permittees may not kill migratory birds unless specifically authorized on the permit. (2) Unless otherwise specifically authorized, when permittees are authorized to kill migratory birds they may do so only with a shotgun not larger than No. 10 gauge fired from the shoulder, and only on or over the threatened area or area described on the permit. (3) Permittees may not use blinds, pits, or other means of concealment, decoys, duck calls, or other devices to lure or entice birds within gun range. (4) All migratory birds killed shall be retrieved by the permittee and turned over to a Bureau representative or his designee for disposition to charitable or worthy institutions for use as food, or otherwise disposed of as provided by law. (Note: permits typically authorize on -site burial of birds.) (5) Only persons named on the permit are authorized to act as agents of the permittee under authority of the permit. (d) Tenure of permits. The tenure of depredation permits shall be limited to the dates which appear on its face, but in no case shall be longer than one year. 6.6.5 Migratory Nongame Birds Migratory nongame birds (including hawks, gulls, vultures, heron, egrets, etc.) are all species protected under federal law by the USFWS through the regulations contained within the MBTA. These regulations allow harassment of migratory birds when the birds are damaging property, but a permit is required for lethal take. Migratory bird permits are not valid for eagles or threatened /endangered species, which require separate permits for harassment and lethal take. Although states can impose more restrictive regulation than federal law on migratory birds, Washington currently does not require additional permits for migratory birds that are already regulated under federal law, although the state will review USFWS permits. 6.6.6 Depredation Order Birds Depredation order birds (e.g., crows, magpies, grackles, blackbirds, and cowbirds) are protected under the MBTA but may be taken when they are concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance. Under the Depredation Order (50 CFR § 21.43; see below), no federal permit is required to control the species listed below if they are committing or about to commit depredations on ornamental or shade trees, agricultural crops, livestock, or wildlife, or when concentrated in such numbers and manner that they are a health hazard or other nuisance. DEPREDATION ORDER (CFR 50 Part 21.43) DEPREDATION ORDER FOR BLACKBIRDS, COWBIRDS, GRACKLES, CROWS AND MAGPIES A federal permit shall not be required to control yellow- headed, red - winged, and Brewer's blackbirds, bronzed, brown - headed and shiny cowbirds, American, fish and northwestern crows, boat - tailed, common, great - tailed and greater Antillean grackles, when concentrated in such numbers and manner as to constitute a health hazard or other nuisance: Provided (a) You must attempt to control depredation by species listed under this depredation order using non- lethal methods before you may use lethal control. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -5 Page 53 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN (b) In most cases, if you use a firearm to kill migratory birds under the provisions of this section, you must use nontoxic shot or nontoxic bullets to do so. See §20.21(j) of this chapter for a listing of approved nontoxic shot types. However, this prohibition does not apply if you use an air rifle, an air pistol, or a 22 caliber rimfire firearm for control of depredating birds under this order. (c) If you exercise any of the privileges granted by this section, you must allow any federal, state, tribal, or territorial wildlife law enforcement officer unrestricted access at all reasonable times (including during actual operations) over the premises on which you are conducting the control. You must furnish the officer whatever information he or she may require about your control operations. (d) You may kill birds under this order only in a way that complies with all state, tribal, or territorial laws or regulations. You must have any state, tribal, or territorial permit required to conduct the activity. (e) You may not sell, or offer to sell, any bird, or any part thereof, killed under this section, but you may possess, transport, and otherwise dispose of the bird or its parts. (f) (g) Any person or agency acting under this depredation order must provide to the appropriate Regional Migratory Bird Permit Office an annual report for each species taken. You can find the addresses for the Regional Migratory Bird Permit Offices in §2.2 of subchapter A of this chapter. You must submit your report by January 31st of the following year, and you must include the following information: (1) Your name, address, phone number, and e-mail address; (2) The species and number of birds taken; (3) The months in which the birds were taken; (4) The state(s) and county(s) in which the birds were taken; and (5) The general purpose for which the birds were taken (such as for protection of agriculture, human health and safety, property, or natural resources). The Office of Management and Budget has approved the information collection requirements associated with this depredation order and assigned OMB Control No. 1018 -0146. We may not conduct or sponsor and you are not required to respond to a collection of information unless it displays a currently valid OMB control number. You may send comments on the information collection requirements to the Service's Information Collection Clearance Officer, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, MS 222 — ARLSQ, 1849 C Street, NW. Washington, DC 20240. 6.7 Mammals Mammals observed at S50 include feral cat, cottontail rabbit, coyote, and opossum. Sections 6.7.1 and 6.7.3 address the management of these species and others mammals that may be present but were not observed during WHA field studies. In the event mammals require trapping or removal from airport property, the City may request the assistance of USDA Wildlife Service, who has expertise with mammal trapping and removal. USDA and FAA have established a Memorandum of Agreement to work together to reduce wildlife hazards at airports (see Appendix E). 6.7.1 Big Game Mammals Game mammals are defined primarily as those species that are hunted for sport, recreation, or meat. Deer were not observed during the WHA and have not been reported by airport staff. In the event that a deer is located within the airport, every effort will be made by airport staff and the Wildlife Coordinator to remove deer by escorting the animal to an opening. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -6 Page 54 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 6.7.2 Furbearers Few furbearers (raccoon and fox) are likely to require management at S50. These mammals would require a permit for lethal removal. To enable an ongoing response to address the presence and potential hazards posed by these species, S50's Wildlife Coordinator will obtain a permit for lethal management. 6.7.3 Nongame Mammals Nongame mammals (coyote and various rodents) are present at S50 and will need to be managed. Rodent populations within the AOAwill be managed and the Wildlife Coordinator will obtain permits needed for pesticide application or retain the services of permitted contractors. Permits are not required to take these species. 6.8 Reptiles, Amphibians, and Invertebrates Non - protected reptiles and amphibians can be taken with a permit. At their current abundance, these species do not present a major attractant to more hazardous wildlife. 6.8.1 Invertebrates Some invertebrates (e.g., crickets, grasshoppers, earthworms) at S50 may not pose a direct hazard to aircraft operations, but their presence may attract more hazardous wildlife (e.g., gulls, starlings). Wildlife hazard management at S50 is not expected to impact threatened or endangered invertebrates. In Washington a certified pesticide applicators license is required to apply restricted -use pesticides or non- restricted -use pesticides. The Wildlife Coordinator will monitor invertebrate populations. 6.9 Protected Wildlife 6.9.1 Federal and State Threatened and Endangered Species The Federal Endangered Species Act (Sec. 2 [16 U.S.C. 1531]) and Washington Regulations both protect animal and plant species potentially threatened with extinction. These acts classify species as endangered or threatened. An "Endangered Species" is defined as "any species or subspecies that is in danger of extinction throughout all or a significant portion of its range." A "Threatened Species" is defined as "any species or subspecies that is in danger of becoming an endangered species within the foreseeable future throughout or over a significant portion of its range." Once listed, a threatened or endangered species cannot be taken or harassed without a special permit. No federally or state - listed threatened or endangered species or their critical habitat were observed during field surveys conducted during the 12 -month monitoring period associated with the WHA. If any Federally listed or candidate species are observed at the airport, the City must notify the Seattle ADO immediately to determine whether consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is required in accordance with the Federal Endangered Species Act. Three state sensitive species were observed on or near the airport during field surveys (bald eagle, great blue heron, and green heron). If a significant hazard exists with a listed species that jeopardizes air safety, either the USFWS or the Washington Department of Fish & Wildlife (WDFW), depending on the protective status of Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -7 Page 55 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN the species involved, must be contacted for assistance. In many cases, only personnel from these or other agencies may obtain a permit to take individuals of a listed species. 6.9.2 Eagle Permits Eagles are afforded additional protection under the federal Eagle Protection Act and require their own permit, and are not included under the Migratory Bird Depredation Permit that the airport currently holds. Bald eagles were observed soaring above S50 property during the course of the WHA survey period. The airport would need to procure and maintain a federal Eagle Permit to harass bald eagles, but that is not warranted at this time. Habitat manipulation to create unfavorable conditions for other identified species of wildlife will not affect eagles. 6.9.3 Habitat Conservation USFWS and WDFW are responsible for species conservation and recovery plans. These plans require the identification of critical habitat when it is associated with the decline of a species. Habitat alterations and developments may be prohibited in areas where critical habitat has been designated or where such changes could result in the inadvertent take of an endangered species. On a case -by -case basis, consultation with USFWS or WDFW biologists will help determine whether critical habitat is affected by airport projects, and if so, perform the necessary mitigation in a manner that does not increase hazards to aircraft operations. 6.9.4 Wetland Mitigation In Washington, the authority to grant water quality certification is typically delegated by the Washington Department of Environment (WDOE). If wildlife hazard management activities at S50 necessitated a federal water quality permit, the City would need to cooperate with the issuing federal agency to obtain CWA Section 404/401 certification and request a review for consistency with WAC 173- 201A. The WDOE also regulates activities within isolated wetlands that are determined to be non - jurisdictional by the USACE under RCW 90.48. Consequently, if wildlife hazard management activities would result in fill of isolated wetlands, the City would need to apply for an Administrative Order from the WDOE. 6.9.5 Avoiding Impacts to Threatened and Endangered Species All WHMP measures must be examined to identify and alleviate wildlife hazards that threaten human health and safety or aircraft operations. The results of the WHA indicate that birds are the most hazardous form of wildlife at S50. The proposed actions outlined in the WHMP would involve application of the most appropriate, effective, and biologically sound wildlife management methods available. This approach is known as Integrated Wildlife Damage Management, and includes both habitat management and direct control. This approach also takes into account the avoidance of impacts to threatened and endangered species. No federal or state - listed threatened or endangered species or their critical habitats were observed during field surveys conducted during the 12 -month monitoring period associated with the WHA. If any Federally listed or candidate species are observed at the airport, the City must notify the Seattle ADO immediately to determine whether consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) is required in accordance Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -8 Page 56 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN with the Federal Endagered Species Act. The management methods identified for implementation at S50 would not affect federal- or state - listed endangered or threatened species, and the capture and removal methods used at S50 are selective and allow for positive identification of the animals creating hazardous conditions. Hazing and lethal management methods, such as shooting and live- trapping, are selectively directed at target individuals and would prevent impacts to other species. Habitat alteration such as tree thinning or removal would not affect listed species because none are known to nest within the airfield property. 6.9.6 Pesticide Applicator License Authorization to use restricted -use pesticides for the removal of prey -base (e.g., insects, earthworms, and weeds) is limited to Certified Pesticide Applicators. The Washington Pesticide Control Act provides additional state control on the sale, distribution, and use of herbicides and pesticides. The WSDA has restricted the use of all pesticide formulations labeled for application onto or into water. Only certified aquatic applicators with the private or aquatic license endorsement can purchase and use aquatic pesticide formulations (unless used under direct supervision of a licensed aquatic applicator). Only pesticides that are labeled for aquatic uses may be used for aquatic applications. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 6 -9 Page 57 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 7 — Wildlife Management Procedures 14 CFR Part 139.337(f)(5) Procedures to be followed during air carrier operations including at least... 14 CFR Part 139.337(f0(5)(i) Assignment of personnel responsibilities for implementing the procedures; (Personnel responsibilities are described and delineated in Section 3.) 14 CFR Part 139.337(f0(5)(ii) Conduct of Physical inspections of the movement areas and other areas critical to wildlife hazard management sufficiently in advance of air carrier operations to allow time for wildlife controls to be effective; 14 CFR Part 139.337(f0(5)(iii) Wildlife control measures; 14 CFR Part 139.337(f0(5)(iv) Communication between wildlife control personnel and any air traffic control tower in operation at the airport; 7.1 Overview Members of the Operations Staff must conduct daily inspections of movement areas and other areas critical to wildlife hazard management. Staff members will document all observed wildlife and record the data on the Wildlife Log (Appendix D). In cases where no animals are observed, the Self Inspection Form should indicate that an inspection was conducted and no animals were observed (Appendix D). A copy of the Self Inspection Form and the Wildlife Log is kept in the Operations Office. The Wildlife Coordinator will also conduct physical inspections of off -site areas that are known to attract hazardous wildlife and report wildlife activity on the Wildlife Log. During periods of exceptionally heavy wildlife activity (e.g., migratory periods when strikes are historically highest), the Wildlife Coordinator or designee will issue a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) to alert pilots of the increased presence of wildlife. Hazardous wildlife that is identified following the completion of recommended habitat modifications will be managed using accepted direct control techniques. Wildlife hazards at airports are extremely variable and complex; therefore, it is essential to adopt a flexible, innovative, and adaptive approach to managing such hazards. If a wildlife hazard is observed based on one or more of the risk factors identified during wildlife hazard training (species, location, behavior, number, and /or airfield conditions), then the observer must take direct action to resolve the situation immediately. The methods used to reduce the hazard(s) must become increasingly more aggressive and used in combination with one another until the wildlife responds favorably or the hazard is abated. In those cases where the animals are non - respondent or situation is becoming Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 7 -1 Page 58 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN increasing more hazardous, lethal removal will be necessary. Prior to lethal removal, staff will make positive identification and ensure the proper permit is retained as listed in Table 6 -1. Wildlife identification guides and handbooks are available at the Operations Office for use by personnel with wildlife management responsibilities at S50. The manual entitled Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage (http: / /icwdm.orq /handbook /index.asp) details species- specific damage assessment, and includes an in -depth discussion of methods of dispersal for each species. In addition, Transport Canada (Canada's governmental agency responsible for reducing wildlife hazards) has produced a valuable reference manual on wildlife management procedures at airports. This manual is available at: http:// www.tc.gc.ca /enq /civilaviation/ standards /aerodromeairnav - standards- wildlifecontrol- menu- 931.htm. Airport personnel will continue to receive annual training to identify hazardous wildlife at S50 (refer to Section 8) and will select dispersal methods that are appropriate to the type of animal causing the hazard. While immediate action required to resolve an imminent threat, a long -term management approach is also necessary. The long -term approach is composed primarily of managing people (e.g., training, public education, reviewing proposed construction plans) as described in Section 3, and managing habitat/prey (e.g., modify vegetation, exclude /remove attractants) as described in Section 5. If the frequency of these hazardous situations and /or the risk to aviation increases, more aggressive actions must be proposed, planned, reviewed, and implemented. 7.2 Wildlife Inspections The Operations Staff is primarily responsible for conducting wildlife inspections. The inspection includes monitoring wildlife and responding to wildlife hazards on the airfield. Inspectors will coordinate their activities through the Wildlife Coordinator. All staff responsible for performing wildlife inspections will be trained in radio communication, wildlife identification, proper control techniques, and safe operations as outlined in Section 8. 7.2.1 Routine Inspections Staff members who perform wildlife inspections will use a radio - equipped vehicle and adequate wildlife management supplies (see Section 4). Clear communications with other operations staff members and arriving /departing aircraft must be maintained in accordance with FAA radio protocols. All personnel with wildlife management responsibilities will be equipped with radios to contact aircraft and Operations Staff. 7.2.2 Responding to Imminent Hazards If a hazard is observed that might compromise the immediate safety of air traffic at S50, the Operations Staff will alert arriving or departing air traffic until the hazard is eliminated. In extreme cases, the runway may need to be closed temporarily at the discretion of the on -duty member of the Airport Operations Staff. The Wildlife Hazard Response Chart (Figure 7 -1) describes the process that staff will use when responding to wildlife hazards at S50. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 7 -2 Page 59 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN • Potential Wildlife Hazard Risk y• Assess Risk • Evaluate Management Methods • Formulate Management Strategy 40_ • Implement Strategy • Monitor and Evaluate Results • Complete Project Figure 7 -1. Wildlife Hazard Response Chart Wildlife management activities, such as hazing or lethal control, can create a temporarily increased hazard until it is moved /removed from the airfield (e.g., flocks departing after management efforts). Therefore, wildlife management activities must always consider arriving /departing aircraft. Airport personnel will use the Wildlife Hazard Response Chart to determine the appropriate damage management method(s) to implement based on several factors: 1) Species responsible; 2) Magnitude, geographic extent, frequency, historical damage and duration of the problem; 3) Status of target and non - target species; 4) Environmental conditions; 5) Potential biological, physical, economic, and social impacts; 6) Potential legal restrictions; and 7) Costs of damage management options. Personnel will give first preference to nonlethal methods to alleviate or abate the problem. They will consider the costs associated with implementing a particular method(s), as well as other factors based on social values (selectivity and humaneness), legal factors, the species involved, etc. The goal of the wildlife hazard management program is not necessarily to conduct a program that is as cost effective as possible but to conduct a biologically sound, environmentally safe, and responsive risk management program in an incremental and adaptive manner. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 7 -3 Page 60 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Staff members must evaluate the appropriateness of a strategy and evaluate management methods based on their availability (legal and administrative) and their suitability based on biological, economic, and social considerations. Following this evaluation, the methods deemed practical for the situation must be used to formulate a management strategy. After the management strategy has been implemented, monitoring and evaluation must continue to assess the effectiveness of the strategy. In terms of the Wildlife Hazard Response Chart, most wildlife hazard management efforts consist of a continuous feedback loop between receiving the request and monitoring the results with the management strategy. Then the efforts must be re- evaluated and revised to achieve the desired results. 7.2.3 Reporting Staff will report all observations of wildlife activity on the Wildlife Log (see Appendix D). Completed forms will be maintained and kept in the Operations Office for frequent review. Routine runway sweeps to identify the presence of wildlife will be conducted at least once per day and recorded on the Self Inspection Form (see Appendix D). The presence of any dead animals found from strikes or suspected strikes will be recorded on EFAA Form 5200 -7 (see Appendix C). Other wildlife - related activities (e.g., notable hazards, animals removed or dispersed, unusual wildlife behavior, etc.) must be documented on the Wildlife Log. All bird or mammal remains found within 250 -feet of runways will be considered the result of a wildlife strike unless the death was obviously due to some other cause. If unidentified bird remains are found, bird remains should be bagged, labeled (e.g., time and date found, location on runway, person who found remains, etc.), and submitted to the Smithsonian Institution, Feather Identification Lab. Portions of the bird remains sent to the Smithsonian should include only feathers and downy parts that are plucked, not cut, and beaks, feet, and /or snarge. An instructional video for the collection and submission of bird remains to the Smithsonian is available at: http: / /www.faa.gov /airports /airport safety /wildlife /smithsonian /. Wildlife strikes may be submitted electronically to the FAA at http: // wildlife- mitigation.tc.faa.gov /public html /index.html. A printout of the strike report must also be immediately submitted to the Wildlife Coordinator so that the situation can be assessed. 7.3 General Wildlife Management A wildlife management plan must be based upon a comprehensive biological evaluation. The key successful wildlife control is persistence, innovation, and a clear understanding of the risks associated with certain species, that either by their location, size, behavior, and /or number create a hazardous situation for the current state of the airfield. The initial response for managing most species will be hazing using frightening devices followed. Lethal control methods will be implemented when hazing is unsuccessful. Techniques will be applied based on safety, effectiveness, practicality, and environmental and social considerations. Most management Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 7 -4 Page 61 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN techniques retain their effectiveness when used in conjunction with other methods. Some methods, such as the use of pesticides or traps, are only effective and legal for addressing specific species and situations. Therefore, the methods chosen will depend largely on the situation and the species involved. As a wildlife population near the airfield increases in abundance, so does likelihood that individual members of the population will enter the critical airspace used by arriving and departing aircraft. However, wildlife abundance is not the sole indicator for assessing the strike hazards, rather the entire dynamic of animal abundance, body size, and behavioral attributes must be evaluated in combination. Notable attributes of wildlife behavior that will be examined to properly assess the risk to aircraft include direction and altitude of wildlife movements in relation to aircraft, flocking characteristics, frequency of visits to a given site, duration of visit, and activity while on site (e.g., nesting, loafing, feeding, soaring, etc.). Personnel involved in direct control must be aware of the potential diseases that wildlife can carry and will take appropriate precautions utilizing personal protective equipment when physically handling wildlife. 7.4 Bird Management Eighty -three species of birds were observed during the WHA, some of which represent a significant potential for causing damaging strikes. Corvids, starlings, blackbirds, gulls, waterfowl, and raptors pose the greatest concern due to their body density and /or flocking tendencies. Juvenile birds may also constitute an unusual wildlife hazard because of their general unfamiliarity with the airport environment. The Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage manual discusses several methods that may be used to haze birds from the airport (available at: http: / /icwdm.orq /handbook /index.asp). As previously stated, a management approach that integrates multiple methods shall be employed for maximum effectiveness. The techniques discussed in this reference manual will reduce most hazards involving species of concern at S50. 7.5 Mammal Management Potential hazards posed by most mammal species observed at S50 can be reduced through fence maintenance /repair and habitat modification. With proper fence maintenance /repair along the perimeter, large mammals will continue to be excluded from the airfield. However, smaller mammals are present on the airfield and can attract larger predators and raptors that have both been observed in the AOA. The Operations Staff will monitor small mammal abundance and seek management recommendations from an FAA- qualified wildlife biologist. 7.6 Auburn Animal Control Assistance Auburn Animal Control provide service with regards to free - running or feral animal issues. Duties often include capture and the detention of animals. If an animal poses an immediate threat to aviation, wildlife management personnel will attempt to catch or disperse from the AOA. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 7 -5 Page 62 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 7 -6 Page 63 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 8 — Evaluation FAR Part 139.337(f)(6) Periodic evaluation and review of the wildlife hazard management plan The WHWG will be led by the Wildlife Coordinator. The WHWG will evaluate the WHMP every 12 months or sooner if a strike pattern develops to determine the effectiveness of the WHMP at reducing wildlife risks. The WHWG will monitor the status of hazard reduction projects, including their completion dates provided in Section 5 and in Tables 5 -1, 5 -2, and 5 -3. 8.1 Meetings The WHWG will meet at least once annually or more frequently if necessary. The need for WHWG meetings will be determined by the Wildlife Coordinator. Members of the WHWG will be encouraged to report observations to the Wildlife Coordinator and request a WHWG meeting when necessary. 8.2 Wildlife Strike Database The Operations Staff /Airfield Attendants shall maintain a database of wildlife strikes and populations on the airfield and surrounding areas. Information from this database will be used to identify trends and to monitor changes in wildlife hazards on the airfield. The database can be the accumulation of the Wildlife Log entries. If unacceptable increases in wildlife hazards are observed, the cause will be determined and the WHMP modified to address the problem. 8.3 Airport Expansion /Construction Airport construction plans will be reviewed by the Wildlife Coordinator with consultation from a FAA- qualified biologist, when needed, to ensure that new developments will not inadvertently result in increased wildlife hazards to aircraft operations. If appropriate, they will coordinate designs with the FAA. 8.4 FAA Involvement The FAA Seattle Airports District Office (ADO) Project Manager will be invited to comment on the WHMP and attend annual meetings on plan modifications. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 8 -1 Page 64 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 8 -2 Page 65 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 9 — Training 14 CFR Part 139.337(f)(7) A training program to provide airport personnel with the knowledge and skills needed to carry out the wildlife hazard management plan.... Training is essential for personnel involved in implementing the WHMP. The Wildlife Coordinator must ensure that all personnel that might be involved with wildlife management activities are trained in the proper selection and application of management methods, as well as wildlife species identification. 9.1 Wildlife Hazard Training Airport and Operations Staff must receive wildlife hazard training from an FAA- qualified wildlife biologist per AC 150/5200 -36A and from a firearms safety instructor to mitigate wildlife hazards at the airport. The training must include an overview of laws associated with wildlife management, review of the WHMP, identification of wildlife hazards, techniques available to reduce the prey base, the effective use of firearms and pyrotechnics (including hands -on training), and instruction on identifying wildlife and wildlife dispersal techniques. • Pesticide Application Training. Staff members charged with the use of restricted -use pesticides must first obtain a pesticide applicator's license. Use of all pesticides must adhere strictly to the pesticide label and will follow U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and Washington State Department of Agriculture (WSDA) guidelines. • Firearms Training. Airport staff that use firearms must be trained by a qualified individual State Certificated Hunter Safety Instructors, police officers, firearms instructors, or other personnel who have been professionally trained in firearms safety. • Driver Training. Airport communications and driving training must be provided to all employees involved in wildlife management operations in the AOA. The Wildlife Coordinator will maintain a complete record of personnel that have completed training for implementation of the WHMP. 9.2 Available Resources Several wildlife hazard management resources shall be available in the Operations Office to assist with wildlife management at S50. Specific resources shall include: • Wildlife Hazard Management at Airports: A Manual for Airport Personnel. This comprehensive manual for airport staff was prepared by Edward C. Cleary of the FAA and is available from the FAA website at: http: / /www.faa.gov /airports /airport safety /wildlife /problem /media /2005 FAA Manual complete.pdf. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 9 -1 Page 66 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN • Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage, which provides a species- specific discussion of dispersal and management techniques. Available at: http: / /icwdm.orq /handbook /index.asp. • Wildlife Control Procedures Manual, produced by Transport Canada, is a valuable reference manual on wildlife management procedures at airports. This manual is available through a link on the FAA's website or directly at: http:/ /www.tc.gc.ca /enq /civilaviation /publications /tp11500- menu-1630.htm. Wildlife identification guides and handbooks are available at the Operations Office for staff use. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 9 -2 Page 67 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 10 - Monitoring Wildlife Hazards 14 CFR Part 139.337 (b) In a manner authorized by the Administrator, each certificate holder [must] ensure that a wildlife hazard assessment is conducted when any of the following events occurs on or near the airport: (1) An air carrier aircraft experiences multiple wildlife strikes; (2) An air carrier aircraft experiences substantial damage from striking wildlife. (3) An air carrier aircraft experiences an engine ingestion of wildlife; or (4) Wildlife of a size, or in numbers, capable of causing an event described in paragraphs (b)(1), (b)(2), or (b)(3) of this section is observed to have access to any airport flight pattern or aircraft movement area. Although it is impossible to accurately predict exactly how wildlife population dynamics will change over time or in response to the proposed habitat modification, changes in wildlife behavior and populations are anticipated. Long -term monitoring will be necessary to ensure that a hazardous situation does not develop. One objective of the proposed habitat modification measures is to eliminate habitat already known to be attractive to hazardous wildlife (e.g., trees within the AOA). Therefore, acceptable hazard levels will not be based on existing wildlife populations, but rather on population trends of hazardous wildlife on and near S50. 10.1 Wildlife Hazard Assessment FAR 139.337(b) states an assessment should be conducted after any one of four triggering events occurs. Because one or more of these triggering events occurs at irregular intervals at S50, it is prudent for S50 to conduct an ongoing monitoring using the same method as the WHA. To do so, it is recommended that staff conduct at least one set of five - minute surveys each month. Ideally, these surveys are conducted by the same person; however, any trained airport attendant can conduct the monitoring. The locations of these five - minute survey stations are illustrated in Appendix H. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 10 -1 Page 68 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN 10.2 Monitoring Methods 10.2.1 Target Species The surveys are designed to focus primarily on large, flocking birds because of their mobility and potential to threaten aircraft safety. The surveys will identify trends and will not provide an absolute estimate of population sizes. Waterfowl (geese and ducks), gulls, raptors (hawks, owls, etc.), blackbirds and European starlings, and crows are the primary types of hazardous wildlife that may be attracted to S50, and monitoring activities will focus on the presence and behavior of these species. Mammal activity will also be monitored and recorded through incidental observations, but due to sampling design, mammals will likely be underestimated by the systematic surveys. These data will be analyzed annually by the Wildlife Coordinator and presented to the WHWG to determine if management strategies have resulted in few observations of hazardous wildlife. Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 10 -2 Page 69 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN Section 11 — Agency Directory REGULATORY AND ENFORCEMENT U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Regional Office 510 Desmond Drive SE, Suite 102 Lacy, WA 98503 Phone: (360) 753 -9440 Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife (Headquarters) Natural Resources Building 1111 Washington St. SE Olympia, WA 98501 (360) 902 -2200 Washington Department of Agriculture Pesticide Management Division 1111 Washington ST SE PO Box 42560 Olympia, WA 98504 -2560 Phone: (360) 902 -1800 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Northwest Mountain Region 1601 Lind Avenue Southwest Renton, WA 98057 (425) 227 -2001 MUNICIPAL AGENCIES Auburn Police Department 340 East Main Street, Suite 201 Auburn, WA 98002 Phone: (253) 288 -2121 TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE U.S. Department of Agriculture, Wildlife Services Washington State Wildlife Services 720 O'Leary Street NW Olympia, WA 98502 Phone: (360) 753 -9884 Washington Department of Transportation WSDOT Aviation Division 7702 Terminal Street Tumwater, WA 98501 Phone: (916) 654 -4959 Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 11 -1 Page 70 of 132 AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Wildlife Hazard Management Plan - Final Auburn Municipal Airport (S50) ORD.A July 2015 Page 11 -2 Page 71 of 132 Appendix A. FAA Wildlife Hazard Assessment Acceptance Letter ORD.A Page 72 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 73 of 132 fibei U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration February 19, 2015 Mr. Jamelle Garcia 400 23rd Street NE Auburn, WA 98002 Dear Mr. Garcia Subject: Wildlife Hazard Assessment Auburn Municipal Airport, Auburn, Washington Airports Division Northwest Mountain Region 1601 Lind Avenue, S. W., Suite 350 Renton, Washington 98055 -4056 The Federal Aviation Administration has reviewed the Final Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) for the Auburn Municipal Airport, Auburn, Washington dated February 2015. This WHA is approved. The WHA recommends that a Wildlife Hazard Management Plan (WHMP) be prepared. Please coordinate with the SEA ADO on the plan and schedule for developing this document. If you have any questions, please contact me at (425)227 -2611 or via email at janell.barrilleaux(r(faa.gov or Kevin Latschaw (SEA ADO) at (425)277 -2654 or at kevin. latschaw(&faa.gov. Sincerely, Janell Barrilleaux Environmental Program Manager FAA Northwest Mountain Region Airports Division cc: Shelley Coleman, Finance Director, City of Auburn Kevin Latschaw SEA -ADO (via e -mail) Cayla Morgan, SEA -ADO (via e -mail) ORD.A Page 74 of 132 Appendix B. Airport Layout Plan ORD.A Page 75 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 76 of 132 BUILDING /FACILITY KEY DE IPTION TE FBO APRON ALL AIRCRAFT TIEDOWN APRON EXISTIN BUILDING "506" AIRPORT MANAGER OFFICE (EXI Irv) (EXISTING) AUBURN FLIGHT SERVICE.° AR CONVENTIONAL TENANT OWNED NGA HANGAR (EXISTING) CIN OWNED aa(EX TENANT OWNED GAR /EXECUTIVE HANGAR (EXISTING) STORAGE/ SELF FUELING AR (EXISTING) AVIATION EA AR /EXECUTI VE HANGAR(FUTURE) as(FUTNRE)HANGAR (FUT (FUTURE) AIRCRAFT FUEL APRON (FUTURE) AIRCRAFT PARKING APRON (FUTURE) HELICOPTER PARKING POSITION FUTURE OFFICE EXISTING AIRPORT oi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 78 of 132 Appendix C. Web -Based FAA Wildlife Strike Incident Report Form (E5200 -7) ORD.A Page 79 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 80 of 132 Federal Aviation Administration Airport Technology R &D Branch Airport Wildlife Hazard Mitigation Wildlife Strike Reporting Submit a Wildlife Strike Repok To complete a Wildlife Strike Report: 1. In the form below, complete as many fields as possible. 2. At the bottom of the form, click Submit Strike Report. You will see a confirmation page with a Strike Report Confirmation number and a link to your report. Note the confirmation number so you can view, edit, or print your report in the future. 3. On the confirmation page, click the link and then print a copy of your report. 4. If you are reporting a bird strike, please submit bird remains for identification Please click here for instructions on how to collect remains. Form Approved OMB No. 2120 -0045 OR 1. Name of Operator /Carrier Type in a few letters contained within the Operator name or OperatorlD. Add more if /as req'd. If found ,click that Operator Name from the listing so that appear in the entry box. If not found, type in the Operator Name and if known, the 3/4 letter Operator ID. 2. Aircraft Make /Model 4. Aircraft Registration 5. Date of Incident if mm / dd / yyyy 3. Engine Make /Model Required Field! Invalid Date! 6. Local Time of Incident HA I NA J I J 6A. Flight Number 6B. Wildlife /Bird Remains: Collected Sent to Smithsonian 7. Airport Name /ID D.A 8. Runway Used 9. Location if En Route and /or Distance from Pa • a 81 of 132 Type in a few letters contained within the Airport name or AirportlD. Add more if /as req'd. If found , click that Airport Name from the listing so that appear in the entry box. If not found, type in the Airport Name and if known, the 3/4 letter Airport ID. 10. Height (AGL) r ft 11. Speed (IAS) kts Enter a valid Height Enter a valid Speed in knots 13. Part(s) of Aircraft Struck or Damaged 12. Phase of Flight 14. Effect on Flight r None ▪ Aborted Take -Off 1 Precautionary Landing Engine Shutdown Other (Specify) Airport(Nearest Town /Reference & State /Airport) it i A. Radome B. Windshiel d C. Nose D. Engine #1 E. Engine #2 F. Engine #3 G. Engine #4 Struc k Damage d Bird(s) Ingested? (Check for Yes) 15. Sky Condition 13. (Con't) H. Propeller I . Wing /Roto r J. Fuselage K. Landing Gear L. Tail M. Lights N. Other Struc k Damage d (Specify, if "N. Other" is checked) 16. Precipitation • Fog r Rain • Snow None ORD.A Page 82 of 132 it 17. Bird /Other Wildlife Species 18. Number Seen and /or Struck Number Seen Struck 1 2 -10 11 - 100 more than 100 1 20. Pilot Warned of Birds /Wildlife? 19. Size of Bird(s) Small Medium Large Yes T No 21. Remarks (Describe damage, injuries, and other pertinent information) DAMAGE /COST INFORMATION 22. Aircraft time out of service hours 23. Estimated cost of repairs or replacement (US $) Enter a valid US dollar amount without $ sign Reported by Email Title Phone 24. Estimated other costs (US $) (e.g., revenue loss, fuel, and aircraft inspection, crew lodging or rescheduling, etc.) nter a valid US dollar amount without $ sign Date 03/12/2012 FAA Form 5200 -7 (EFAA Form 5200 -7 (EFAA Form 5200 -7 (Electronic)) Subrrit Strike Report Clear Form ORD.A Page 83 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 84 of 132 Appendix D. Wildlife Log and Self Inspection Form ORD.A Page 85 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 86 of 132 WILDLIFE LOG AUBURN MUNICIPAL AIRPORT PAGE _ OF DATE: NAME OF STAFF: TEMPERATURE WEATHER CONDITION TIME SPECIES NUMBER ACTIVITY COVER TYPE GRID LOCATION ACTION COMMENTS WEATHER ACTIVITY COVER TYPE IPND POND /BASIN ACTION SU SUN PS PARTLY SUN PC PARTLY CLOUD CL CLOUDY RN RAIN SN SNOW FG FOG FD FEEDING LF LOAFING RS ROOSTING NS NESTING FL FLYING CR CIRCLING RN RUNNING OTHER(1) OTHER (2) OTHER (3) RWY RUNWAY GSH GRASS-SHORT TWY TAXIWAY GLG GRASS -LONG RMP RAMP SHR SHRUBS ASP PAVED SURFACE WDL WOODLAND UNP UNPAVED MAR MARSH/WETLAND STR STRUCUTRE CRK CREEK/STREAM DTC DITCH TSW TEMP. STANDNG WATER PYRO PYROTECHNICS HORN AUTO /AIR VEH VEHICLE HARASS LT /LZ LIGHTS /LASERS DSTRS DISTRESS CALLS FIREARM ANY OTHER ORD.A Page 87 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 88 of 132 Appendix E. Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) Between FAA and USDA -WS ORD.A Page 89 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 90 of 132 No. 12- 34 -71- 0003 -MOU Memorandum of Understanding between the United States Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration and the United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services ARTICLE 1 This Memorandum of Understanding (MOU) continues the cooperation between the Federal Aviation Administration and Wildlife Services (WS) for mitigating wildlife hazards to aviation. ARTICLE 2 The FAA has the broad authority to regulate and develop civil aviation in the United Statesi. The FAA may issue Airport Operating Certificates to airports serving certain air carrier aircraft. Issuance of an Airport Operating Certificate indicates that the airport meets the requirements of Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, part 139 (14 CFR 139) for conducting certain air carrier operations. The WS has the authority to enter agreements with States, local jurisdictions, individuals, public and private agencies, organizations, and institutions for the control of nuisance wildlife2. The WS also has the authority to charge for services provided under such agreements and to deposit the funds collected into the accounts that incur the costs3. 14 CFR 139.337 requires the holder of an Airport Operating Certificate (certificate holder) to conduct a wildlife hazard assessment (WHA) when specific events occur on or near the airport. A wildlife management biologist who has professional training and /or experience in wildlife hazard management at airports, or someone working under the direct supervision of such an individual, must conduct the WHA required by 14 CFR 139.337. The FAA reviews all WHAs to determine if the certificate holder must develop and implement a wildlife hazard management plan (WHMP) designed to mitigate wildlife hazards to aviation on or near the airport. These regulations also require airport personnel implementing an FAA - approved WHMP to receive training conducted by a qualified wildlife damage management biologist. Federal Aviation Act of 1958, 49 U.S.C. § 40101, et. seq. 2 The Animal Damage Control Act of March 2, 1931, as amended, 46 Stat. 1468; 7 U.S.C. 426 — 426b. The Rural Development, Agriculture, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act of 1988, as amended, 426c to U.S.C. 426 — 426b. ORD.A Page 91 of 132 ARTICLE 3 The FAA and the WS agree to the following. a. The WS has the professional expertise, airport experience, and training to provide support to assess and reduce wildlife hazards to aviation on and near airports. The WS can also provide the necessary training to airport personnel. b. Most airports lack the technical expertise to identify underlying causes of wildlife hazard problems. They can control many of their wildlife problems following proper instruction in control techniques and wildlife species identification from qualified wildlife management biologists. c. Situations arise where control of hazardous wildlife is necessary on and off airport property (i.e., roost relocations, reductions in nesting populations, and removal of wildlife). This often requires the specialized technical support of WS personnel. d. The FAA or the certificate holder may seek technical support from WS to lessen wildlife hazards. This help may include, but is not limited to, conducting site visits and WHAs to identify hazardous wildlife, their daily and seasonal movement patterns and habitat requirements. WS personnel may also provide: i. support with developing WHMPs including recommendations on control and habitat management methods designed to minimize the presence of hazardous wildlife on or near the airport; ii. Training in wildlife species identification and the use of control devices; iii. Support with managing hazardous wildlife and associated habitats; and iv. Recommendations on the scope of further studies necessary to identify and minimize wildlife hazards. e. Unless specifically requested by the certificate holder, WS is not liable or responsible for development, approval, or implementation of a WHMP required by 14 CFR 139.337. Development of a WHMP is the responsibility of the certificate holder. The certificate holder will use the information developed by WS from site visits and /or conducting WHA in the preparation of a WHMP. f. The FAA and WS agree to meet at least yearly to review this agreement, identify problems, exchange information on new control methods, identify research needs, and prioritize program needs. ARTICLE 4 The WS personnel will advise the certificate holder of their responsibilities to secure necessary permits and /or licenses for control of wildlife. This will ensure all wildlife damage control activities are conducted under applicable Federal, State, and local laws and regulations. ARTICLE 5 This MOU defines in general terms, the basis on which the parties will cooperate and does not constitute a financial obligation to serve as a basis for expenditures. ORD.A Page 92 of 132 Request for technical, operational, or research assistance that requires cooperative or reimbursable funding will be completed under a separate agreement. ARTICLE 6 This MOU will supersede all existing MOUs, supplements, and amendments about the conduct of wildlife hazard control programs between WS and the FAA. ARTICLE 7 Under Section 22, Title 41, U.S.C., no member of or delegate to Congress will be admitted to any share or part of this MOU or to any benefit to arise from it. ARTICLE 8 This MOU will become effective on the date of final signature and will continue indefinitely. This MOU may be amended by agreement of the parties in writing. Either party, on 60 days advance written notice to the other party, may end the agreement. OSB Woodie Woodward Associate Administrator for Airports Federal Aviation Administration Date June 20, 2005 OSB William H Clay Deputy Administrator for Wildlife Services Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Date June 27, 2005 ORD.A Page 93 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 94 of 132 Appendix F. Advisory Circular No. 150/5200 -33B — Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or Near Airports ORD.A Page 95 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 96 of 132 U.S. Department of Transportation Federal Aviation Administration Advisory Circular Subject: HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS ON OR NEAR AIRPORTS Date: 8/28/2007 AC No: 150/5200 -33B Initiated by: AAS -300 Change: 1. PURPOSE. This Advisory Circular (AC) provides guidance on certain land uses that have the potential to attract hazardous wildlife on or near public -use airports. It also discusses airport development projects (including airport construction, expansion, and renovation) affecting aircraft movement near hazardous wildlife attractants. Appendix 1 provides definitions of terms used in this AC. 2. APPLICABILITY. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) recommends that public -use airport operators implement the standards and practices contained in this AC. The holders of Airport Operating Certificates issued under Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations (CFR), Part 139, Certification of Airports, Subpart D (Part 139), may use the standards, practices, and recommendations contained in this AC to comply with the wildlife hazard management requirements of Part 139. Airports that have received Federal grant -in -aid assistance must use these standards. The FAA also recommends the guidance in this AC for land -use planners, operators of non - certificated airports, and developers of projects, facilities, and activities on or near airports. 3. CANCELLATION. This AC cancels AC 150/5200 -33A, Hazardous Wildlife Attractants on or near Airports, dated July 27, 2004. 4. PRINCIPAL CHANGES. This AC contains the following major changes, which are marked with vertical bars in the margin: a. Technical changes to paragraph references. b. Wording on storm water detention ponds. c. Deleted paragraph 4 -3.b, Additional Coordination. 5. BACKGROUND. Information about the risks posed to aircraft by certain wildlife species has increased a great deal in recent years. Improved reporting, studies, documentation, and statistics clearly show that aircraft collisions with birds and other wildlife are a serious economic and public safety problem. While many species of wildlife can pose a threat to aircraft safety, they are not equally hazardous. Table 1 ORD.A Page 97 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B ranks the wildlife groups commonly involved in damaging strikes in the United States according to their relative hazard to aircraft. The ranking is based on the 47,212 records in the FAA National Wildlife Strike Database for the years 1990 through 2003. These hazard rankings, in conjunction with site - specific Wildlife Hazards Assessments (WHA), will help airport operators determine the relative abundance and use patterns of wildlife species and help focus hazardous wildlife management efforts on those species most likely to cause problems at an airport. Most public -use airports have large tracts of open, undeveloped land that provide added margins of safety and noise mitigation. These areas can also present potential hazards to aviation if they encourage wildlife to enter an airport's approach or departure airspace or air operations area (AOA). Constructed or natural areas —such as poorly drained locations, detention /retention ponds, roosting habitats on buildings, landscaping, odor - causing rotting organic matter (putrescible waste) disposal operations, wastewater treatment plants, agricultural or aquaculture activities, surface mining, or wetlands —can provide wildlife with ideal locations for feeding, loafing, reproduction, and escape. Even small facilities, such as fast food restaurants, taxicab staging areas, rental car facilities, aircraft viewing areas, and public parks, can produce substantial attractions for hazardous wildlife. During the past century, wildlife- aircraft strikes have resulted in the loss of hundreds of lives worldwide, as well as billions of dollars in aircraft damage. Hazardous wildlife attractants on and near airports can jeopardize future airport expansion, making proper community land -use planning essential. This AC provides airport operators and those parties with whom they cooperate with the guidance they need to assess and address potentially hazardous wildlife attractants when locating new facilities and implementing certain land -use practices on or near public -use airports. 6. MEMORANDUM OF AGREEMENT BETWEEN FEDERAL RESOURCE AGENCIES. The FAA, the U.S. Air Force, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Wildlife Services signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MOA) in July 2003 to acknowledge their respective missions in protecting aviation from wildlife hazards. Through the MOA, the agencies established procedures necessary to coordinate their missions to address more effectively existing and future environmental conditions contributing to collisions between wildlife and aircraft (wildlife strikes) throughout the United States. These efforts are intended to minimize wildlife risks to aviation and human safety while protecting the Nation's valuable environmental resources. DAVID L. BENNETT Director, Office of Airport Safety and Standards ii ORD.A Page 98 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B Table 1. Ranking of 25 species groups as to relative hazard to aircraft (1 =most hazardous) based on three criteria (damage, major damage, and effect -on- flight), a composite ranking based on all three rankings, and a relative hazard score. Data were derived from the FAA National Wildlife Strike Database, January 1990 —April 2003.1 Species group Ranking by criteria Major Damage4 damages Effect on flights Composite Relative ranking2 hazard score3 Deer 1 1 1 1 100 Vultures 2 2 2 2 64 Geese 3 3 6 3 55 Cormorants /pelicans 4 5 3 4 54 Cranes 7 6 4 5 47 Eagles 6 9 7 6 41 Ducks 5 8 10 7 39 Osprey 8 4 8 8 39 Turkey /pheasants 9 7 11 9 33 Herons 11 14 9 10 27 Hawks (buteos) 10 12 12 11 25 Gulls 12 11 13 12 24 Rock pigeon 13 10 14 13 23 Owls 14 13 20 14 23 H. lark/s. bunting 18 15 15 15 17 Crows /ravens 15 16 16 16 16 Coyote 16 19 5 17 14 Mourning dove 17 17 17 18 14 Shorebirds 19 21 18 19 10 Blackbirds /starling 20 22 19 20 10 American kestrel 21 18 21 21 9 Meadowlarks 22 20 22 22 7 Swallows 24 23 24 23 4 Sparrows 25 24 23 24 4 Nighthawks 23 25 25 25 1 1 Excerpted from the Special Report for the FAA, "Ranking the Hazard Level of Wildlife Species to Civil Aviation in the USA: Update #1, July 2, 2003 ". Refer to this report for additional explanations of criteria and method of ranking. 2 Relative rank of each species group was compared with every other group for the three variables, placing the species group with the greatest hazard rank for > 2 of the 3 variables above the next highest ranked group, then proceeding down the list. 3 Percentage values, from Tables 3 and 4 in Footnote 1 of the Special Report, for the three criteria were summed and scaled down from 100, with 100 as the score for the species group with the maximum summed values and the greatest potential hazard to aircraft. 4 Aircraft incurred at least some damage (destroyed, substantial, minor, or unknown) from strike. 5 Aircraft incurred damage or structural failure, which adversely affected the structure strength, performance, or flight characteristics, and which would normally require major repair or replacement of the affected component, or the damage sustained makes it inadvisable to restore aircraft to airworthy condition. 6 Aborted takeoff, engine shutdown, precautionary landing, or other. ORD.A Page 99 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B This page intentionally left blank. iv ORD.A Page 100 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B Table of Contents SECTION 1. GENERAL SEPARATION CRITERIA FOR HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS ON OR NEAR AIRPORTS. 1 1 -1. INTRODUCTION 1 1 -2. AIRPORTS SERVING PISTON - POWERED AIRCRAFT 1 1 -3. AIRPORTS SERVING TURBINE - POWERED AIRCRAFT 1 1 -4. PROTECTION OF APPROACH, DEPARTURE, AND CIRCLING AIRSPACE 1 SECTION 2. LAND -USE PRACTICES ON OR NEAR AIRPORTS THAT POTENTIALLY ATTRACT HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE 3 2 -1. GENERAL 3 2 -2. WASTE DISPOSAL OPERATIONS 3 2 -3. WATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES 5 2 -4. WETLANDS 8 2 -5. DREDGE SPOIL CONTAINMENT AREAS 9 2 -6. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES 9 2 -7. GOLF COURSES, LANDSCAPING AND OTHER LAND -USE CONSIDERATIONS 10 2 -8. SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF SURROUNDING LAND USES 11 SECTION 3. PROCEDURES FOR WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT BY OPERATORS OF PUBLIC -USE AIRPORTS 13 3.1. INTRODUCTION 13 3.2. COORDINATION WITH USDA WILDLIFE SERVICES OR OTHER QUALIFIED WILDLIFE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT BIOLOGISTS 13 3 -3. WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT AT AIRPORTS: A MANUAL FOR AIRPORT PERSONNEL 13 3 -4. WILDLIFE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS, TITLE 14, CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS, PART 139 13 3 -5. WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN (WHMP) 14 3 -6. LOCAL COORDINATION 14 3 -7. COORDINATION /NOTIFICATION OF AIRMEN OF WILDLIFE HAZARDS 14 SECTION 4. FAA NOTIFICATION AND REVIEW OF PROPOSED LAND -USE PRACTICE CHANGES IN THE VICINITY OF PUBLIC -USE AIRPORTS 15 4 -1. FAA REVIEW OF PROPOSED LAND -USE PRACTICE CHANGES IN THE VICINITY OF PUBLIC -USE AIRPORTS 15 4 -2. WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES 15 4 -3. OTHER LAND -USE PRACTICE CHANGES 16 APPENDIX 1. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED IN THIS ADVISORY CIRCULAR 19 ORD.A v Page 101 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B This page intentionally left blank. vi ORD.A Page 102 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B SECTION 1. GENERAL SEPARATION CRITERIA FOR HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE ATTRACTANTS ON OR NEAR AIRPORTS. 1 -1. INTRODUCTION. When considering proposed land uses, airport operators, local planners, and developers must take into account whether the proposed land uses, including new development projects, will increase wildlife hazards. Land -use practices that attract or sustain hazardous wildlife populations on or near airports can significantly increase the potential for wildlife strikes. The FAA recommends the minimum separation criteria outlined below for land -use practices that attract hazardous wildlife to the vicinity of airports. Please note that FAA criteria include land uses that cause movement of hazardous wildlife onto, into, or across the airport's approach or departure airspace or air operations area (AOA). (See the discussion of the synergistic effects of surrounding land uses in Section 2 -8 of this AC.) The basis for the separation criteria contained in this section can be found in existing FAA regulations. The separation distances are based on (1) flight patterns of piston - powered aircraft and turbine - powered aircraft, (2) the altitude at which most strikes happen (78 percent occur under 1,000 feet and 90 percent occur under 3,000 feet above ground level), and (3) National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) recommendations. 1 -2. AIRPORTS SERVING PISTON - POWERED AIRCRAFT. Airports that do not sell Jet -A fuel normally serve piston - powered aircraft. Notwithstanding more stringent requirements for specific land uses, the FAA recommends a separation distance of 5,000 feet at these airports for any of the hazardous wildlife attractants mentioned in Section 2 or for new airport development projects meant to accommodate aircraft movement. This distance is to be maintained between an airport's AOA and the hazardous wildlife attractant. Figure 1 depicts this separation distance measured from the nearest aircraft operations areas. 1 -3. AIRPORTS SERVING TURBINE - POWERED AIRCRAFT. Airports selling Jet -A fuel normally serve turbine - powered aircraft. Notwithstanding more stringent requirements for specific land uses, the FAA recommends a separation distance of 10,000 feet at these airports for any of the hazardous wildlife attractants mentioned in Section 2 or for new airport development projects meant to accommodate aircraft movement. This distance is to be maintained between an airport's AOA and the hazardous wildlife attractant. Figure 1 depicts this separation distance from the nearest aircraft movement areas. 1-4. PROTECTION OF APPROACH, DEPARTURE, AND CIRCLING AIRSPACE. For all airports, the FAA recommends a distance of 5 statute miles between the farthest edge of the airport's AOA and the hazardous wildlife attractant if the attractant could cause hazardous wildlife movement into or across the approach or departure airspace. ORD.A Page 103 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B Figure 1. Separation distances within which hazardous wildlife attractants should be avoided, eliminated, or mitigated. PERIMETER A: For airports serving piston - powered aircraft, hazardous wildlife attractants must be 5,000 feet from the nearest air operations area. PERIMETER B: For airports serving turbine - powered aircraft, hazardous wildlife attractants must be 10,000 feet from the nearest air operations area. PERIMETER C: 5 -mile range to protect approach, departure and circling airspace. ORD.A 2 Page 104 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B SECTION 2. LAND -USE PRACTICES ON OR NEAR AIRPORTS THAT POTENTIALLY ATTRACT HAZARDOUS WILDLIFE. 2 -1. GENERAL. The wildlife species and the size of the populations attracted to the airport environment vary considerably, depending on several factors, including land -use practices on or near the airport. This section discusses land -use practices having the potential to attract hazardous wildlife and threaten aviation safety. In addition to the specific considerations outlined below, airport operators should refer to Wildlife Hazard Management at Airports, prepared by FAA and U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) staff. (This manual is available in English, Spanish, and French. It can be viewed and downloaded free of charge from the FAA's wildlife hazard mitigation web site: http: // wildlife- mitigation.tc.FAA.gov.). And Prevention and Control of Wildlife Damage, compiled by the University of Nebraska Cooperative Extension Division. (This manual is available online in a periodically updated version at: ianrwww.unl.edu /wildlife /solutions /handbook /.) 2 -2. WASTE DISPOSAL OPERATIONS. Municipal solid waste landfills (MSWLF) are known to attract large numbers of hazardous wildlife, particularly birds. Because of this, these operations, when located within the separations identified in the siting criteria in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4, are considered incompatible with safe airport operations. a. Siting for new municipal solid waste landfills subject to AIR 21. Section 503 of the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 106 -181) (AIR 21) prohibits the construction or establishment of a new MSWLF within 6 statute miles of certain public -use airports. Before these prohibitions apply, both the airport and the landfill must meet the very specific conditions described below. These restrictions do not apply to airports or landfills located within the state of Alaska. ORD.A The airport must (1) have received a Federal grant(s) under 49 U.S.C. § 47101, et. seq.; (2) be under control of a public agency; (3) serve some scheduled air carrier operations conducted in aircraft with less than 60 seats; and (4) have total annual enplanements consisting of at least 51 percent of scheduled air carrier enplanements conducted in aircraft with less than 60 passenger seats. The proposed MSWLF must (1) be within 6 miles of the airport, as measured from airport property line to MSWLF property line, and (2) have started construction or establishment on or after April 5, 2001. Public Law 106 -181 only limits the construction or establishment of some new MSWLF. It does not limit the expansion, either vertical or horizontal, of existing landfills. NOTE: Consult the most recent version of AC 150/5200 -34, Construction or Establishment of Landfills Near Public Airports, for a more detailed discussion of these restrictions. 3 Page 105 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B b. Siting for new MSWLF not subject to AIR 21. If an airport and MSWLF do not meet the restrictions of Public Law 106 -181, the FAA recommends against locating MSWLF within the separation distances identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. The separation distances should be measured from the closest point of the airport's AOA to the closest planned MSWLF cell. c. Considerations for existing waste disposal facilities within the limits of separation criteria. The FAA recommends against airport development projects that would increase the number of aircraft operations or accommodate larger or faster aircraft near MSWLF operations located within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. In addition, in accordance with 40 CFR 258.10, owners or operators of existing MSWLF units that are located within the separations listed in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 must demonstrate that the unit is designed and operated so it does not pose a bird hazard to aircraft. (See Section 4 -2(b) of this AC for a discussion of this demonstration requirement.) d. Enclosed trash transfer stations. Enclosed waste - handling facilities that receive garbage behind closed doors; process it via compaction, incineration, or similar manner; and remove all residue by enclosed vehicles generally are compatible with safe airport operations, provided they are not located on airport property or within the Runway Protection Zone (RPZ). These facilities should not handle or store putrescible waste outside or in a partially enclosed structure accessible to hazardous wildlife. Trash transfer facilities that are open on one or more sides; that store uncovered quantities of municipal solid waste outside, even if only for a short time; that use semi - trailers that leak or have trash clinging to the outside; or that do not control odors by ventilation and filtration systems (odor masking is not acceptable) do not meet the FAA's definition of fully enclosed trash transfer stations. The FAA considers these facilities incompatible with safe airport operations if they are located closer than the separation distances specified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. e. Composting operations on or near airport property. Composting operations that accept only yard waste (e.g., leaves, lawn clippings, or branches) generally do not attract hazardous wildlife. Sewage sludge, woodchips, and similar material are not municipal solid wastes and may be used as compost bulking agents. The compost, however, must never include food or other municipal solid waste. Composting operations should not be located on airport property. Off - airport property composting operations should be located no closer than the greater of the following distances: 1,200 feet from any AOA or the distance called for by airport design requirements (see AC 150/5300 -13, Airport Design). This spacing should prevent material, personnel, or equipment from penetrating any Object Free Area (OFA), Obstacle Free Zone (OFZ), Threshold Siting Surface (TSS), or Clearway. Airport operators should monitor composting operations located in proximity to the airport to ensure that steam or thermal rise does not adversely affect air traffic. On- airport disposal of compost by- products should not be conducted for the reasons stated in 2 -3f. ORD.A 4 Page 106 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B f. Underwater waste discharges. The FAA recommends against the underwater discharge of any food waste (e.g., fish processing offal) within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 because it could attract scavenging hazardous wildlife. g. Recycling centers. Recycling centers that accept previously sorted non -food items, such as glass, newspaper, cardboard, or aluminum, are, in most cases, not attractive to hazardous wildlife and are acceptable. h. Construction and demolition (C &D) debris facilities. C &D landfills do not generally attract hazardous wildlife and are acceptable if maintained in an orderly manner, admit no putrescible waste, and are not co- located with other waste disposal operations. However, C &D landfills have similar visual and operational characteristics to putrescible waste disposal sites. When co- located with putrescible waste disposal operations, C &D landfills are more likely to attract hazardous wildlife because of the similarities between these disposal facilities. Therefore, a C &D landfill co- located with another waste disposal operation should be located outside of the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. i. Fly ash disposal. The incinerated residue from resource recovery power /heat- generating facilities that are fired by municipal solid waste, coal, or wood is generally not a wildlife attractant because it no longer contains putrescible matter. Landfills accepting only fly ash are generally not considered to be wildlife attractants and are acceptable as long as they are maintained in an orderly manner, admit no putrescible waste of any kind, and are not co- located with other disposal operations that attract hazardous wildlife. Since varying degrees of waste consumption are associated with general incineration (not resource recovery power /heat - generating facilities), the FAA considers the ash from general incinerators a regular waste disposal by- product and, therefore, a hazardous wildlife attractant if disposed of within the separation criteria outlined in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. 2 -3. WATER MANAGEMENT FACILITIES. Drinking water intake and treatment facilities, storm water and wastewater treatment facilities, associated retention and settling ponds, ponds built for recreational use, and ponds that result from mining activities often attract large numbers of potentially hazardous wildlife. To prevent wildlife hazards, land -use developers and airport operators may need to develop management plans, in compliance with local and state regulations, to support the operation of storm water management facilities on or near all public -use airports to ensure a safe airport environment. a. Existing storm water management facilities. On- airport storm water management facilities allow the quick removal of surface water, including discharges related to aircraft deicing, from impervious surfaces, such as pavement and terminal /hangar building roofs. Existing on- airport detention ponds collect storm water, protect water quality, and control runoff. Because they slowly release water ORD.A 5 Page 107 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B after storms, they create standing bodies of water that can attract hazardous wildlife. Where the airport has developed a Wildlife Hazard Management Plan (WHMP) in accordance with Part 139, the FAA requires immediate correction of any wildlife hazards arising from existing storm water facilities located on or near airports, using appropriate wildlife hazard mitigation techniques. Airport operators should develop measures to minimize hazardous wildlife attraction in consultation with a wildlife damage management biologist. Where possible, airport operators should modify storm water detention ponds to allow a maximum 48 -hour detention period for the design storm. The FAA recommends that airport operators avoid or remove retention ponds and detention ponds featuring dead storage to eliminate standing water. Detention basins should remain totally dry between rainfalls. Where constant flow of water is anticipated through the basin, or where any portion of the basin bottom may remain wet, the detention facility should include a concrete or paved pad and /or ditch /swale in the bottom to prevent vegetation that may provide nesting habitat. When it is not possible to drain a large detention pond completely, airport operators may use physical barriers, such as bird balls, wires grids, pillows, or netting, to deter birds and other hazardous wildlife. When physical barriers are used, airport operators must evaluate their use and ensure they will not adversely affect water rescue. Before installing any physical barriers over detention ponds on Part 139 airports, airport operators must get approval from the appropriate FAA Regional Airports Division Office. The FAA recommends that airport operators encourage off - airport storm water treatment facility operators to incorporate appropriate wildlife hazard mitigation techniques into storm water treatment facility operating practices when their facility is located within the separation criteria specified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. b. New storm water management facilities. The FAA strongly recommends that off - airport storm water management systems located within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 be designed and operated so as not to create above- ground standing water. Stormwater detention ponds should be designed, engineered, constructed, and maintained for a maximum 48 —hour detention period after the design storm and remain completely dry between storms. To facilitate the control of hazardous wildlife, the FAA recommends the use of steep- sided, rip -rap lined, narrow, linearly shaped water detention basins. When it is not possible to place these ponds away from an airport's AOA, airport operators should use physical barriers, such as bird balls, wires grids, pillows, or netting, to prevent access of hazardous wildlife to open water and minimize aircraft - wildlife interactions. When physical barriers are used, airport operators must evaluate their use and ensure they will not adversely affect water rescue. Before installing any physical barriers over detention ponds on Part 139 airports, airport operators must get approval from the appropriate FAA Regional Airports Division Office. All vegetation in or around detention basins that provide food or cover for hazardous wildlife should be eliminated. If soil conditions and other requirements allow, the FAA encourages ORD.A 6 Page 108 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B the use of underground storm water infiltration systems, such as French drains or buried rock fields, because they are less attractive to wildlife. c. Existing wastewater treatment facilities. The FAA strongly recommends that airport operators immediately correct any wildlife hazards arising from existing wastewater treatment facilities located on or near the airport. Where required, a WHMP developed in accordance with Part 139 will outline appropriate wildlife hazard mitigation techniques. Accordingly, airport operators should encourage wastewater treatment facility operators to incorporate measures, developed in consultation with a wildlife damage management biologist, to minimize hazardous wildlife attractants. Airport operators should also encourage those wastewater treatment facility operators to incorporate these mitigation techniques into their standard operating practices. In addition, airport operators should consider the existence of wastewater treatment facilities when evaluating proposed sites for new airport development projects and avoid such sites when practicable. d. New wastewater treatment facilities. The FAA strongly recommends against the construction of new wastewater treatment facilities or associated settling ponds within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. Appendix 1 defines wastewater treatment facility as "any devices and /or systems used to store, treat, recycle, or reclaim municipal sewage or liquid industrial wastes." The definition includes any pretreatment involving the reduction of the amount of pollutants or the elimination of pollutants prior to introducing such pollutants into a publicly owned treatment works (wastewater treatment facility). During the site - location analysis for wastewater treatment facilities, developers should consider the potential to attract hazardous wildlife if an airport is in the vicinity of the proposed site, and airport operators should voice their opposition to such facilities if they are in proximity to the airport. e. Artificial marshes. In warmer climates, wastewater treatment facilities sometimes employ artificial marshes and use submergent and emergent aquatic vegetation as natural filters. These artificial marshes may be used by some species of flocking birds, such as blackbirds and waterfowl, for breeding or roosting activities. The FAA strongly recommends against establishing artificial marshes within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. f. Wastewater discharge and sludge disposal. The FAA recommends against the discharge of wastewater or sludge on airport property because it may improve soil moisture and quality on unpaved areas and lead to improved turf growth that can be an attractive food source for many species of animals. Also, the turf requires more frequent mowing, which in turn may mutilate or flush insects or small animals and produce straw, both of which can attract hazardous wildlife. In addition, the improved turf may attract grazing wildlife, such as deer and geese. Problems may also occur when discharges saturate unpaved airport areas. The resultant soft, muddy conditions can severely restrict or prevent emergency vehicles from reaching accident sites in a timely manner. ORD.A 7 Page 109 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B 2-4. WETLANDS. Wetlands provide a variety of functions and can be regulated by local, state, and Federal laws. Normally, wetlands are attractive to many types of wildlife, including many which rank high on the list of hazardous wildlife species (Table 1). NOTE: If questions exist as to whether an area qualifies as a wetland, contact the local division of the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, the Natural Resources Conservation Service, or a wetland consultant qualified to delineate wetlands. a. Existing wetlands on or near airport property. If wetlands are located on or near airport property, airport operators should be alert to any wildlife use or habitat changes in these areas that could affect safe aircraft operations. At public -use airports, the FAA recommends immediately correcting, in cooperation with local, state, and Federal regulatory agencies, any wildlife hazards arising from existing wetlands located on or near airports. Where required, a WHMP will outline appropriate wildlife hazard mitigation techniques. Accordingly, airport operators should develop measures to minimize hazardous wildlife attraction in consultation with a wildlife damage management biologist. b. New airport development. Whenever possible, the FAA recommends locating new airports using the separations from wetlands identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. Where alternative sites are not practicable, or when airport operators are expanding an existing airport into or near wetlands, a wildlife damage management biologist, in consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, and the state wildlife management agency should evaluate the wildlife hazards and prepare a WHMP that indicates methods of minimizing the hazards. c. Mitigation for wetland impacts from airport projects. Wetland mitigation may be necessary when unavoidable wetland disturbances result from new airport development projects or projects required to correct wildlife hazards from wetlands. Wetland mitigation must be designed so it does not create a wildlife hazard. The FAA recommends that wetland mitigation projects that may attract hazardous wildlife be sited outside of the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. ORD.A (1) Onsite mitigation of wetland functions. The FAA may consider exceptions to locating mitigation activities outside the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 if the affected wetlands provide unique ecological functions, such as critical habitat for threatened or endangered species or ground water recharge, which cannot be replicated when moved to a different location. Using existing airport property is sometimes the only feasible way to achieve the mitigation ratios mandated in regulatory orders and /or settlement agreements with the resource agencies. Conservation easements are an additional means of providing mitigation for project impacts. Typically the airport operator continues to own the property, and an easement is created stipulating that the property will be maintained as habitat for state or Federally listed species. 8 Page 110 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B Mitigation must not inhibit the airport operator's ability to effectively control hazardous wildlife on or near the mitigation site or effectively maintain other aspects of safe airport operations. Enhancing such mitigation areas to attract hazardous wildlife must be avoided. The FAA will review any onsite mitigation proposals to determine compatibility with safe airport operations. A wildlife damage management biologist should evaluate any wetland mitigation projects that are needed to protect unique wetland functions and that must be located in the separation criteria in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 before the mitigation is implemented. A WHMP should be developed to reduce the wildlife hazards. (2) Offsite mitigation of wetland functions. The FAA recommends that wetland mitigation projects that may attract hazardous wildlife be sited outside of the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 unless they provide unique functions that must remain onsite (see 2- 4c(1)). Agencies that regulate impacts to or around wetlands recognize that it may be necessary to split wetland functions in mitigation schemes. Therefore, regulatory agencies may, under certain circumstances, allow portions of mitigation to take place in different locations. (3) Mitigation banking. Wetland mitigation banking is the creation or restoration of wetlands in order to provide mitigation credits that can be used to offset permitted wetland losses. Mitigation banking benefits wetland resources by providing advance replacement for permitted wetland losses; consolidating small projects into larger, better - designed and managed units; and encouraging integration of wetland mitigation projects with watershed planning. This last benefit is most helpful for airport projects, as wetland impacts mitigated outside of the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 can still be located within the same watershed. Wetland mitigation banks meeting the separation criteria offer an ecologically sound approach to mitigation in these situations. Airport operators should work with local watershed management agencies or organizations to develop mitigation banking for wetland impacts on airport property. 2 -5. DREDGE SPOIL CONTAINMENT AREAS. The FAA recommends against locating dredge spoil containment areas (also known as Confined Disposal Facilities) within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 if the containment area or the spoils contain material that would attract hazardous wildlife. 2 -6. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES. Because most, if not all, agricultural crops can attract hazardous wildlife during some phase of production, the FAA recommends against the used of airport property for agricultural production, including hay crops, within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. . If the airport has no financial alternative to agricultural crops to produce income necessary to maintain the viability of the airport, then the airport shall follow the crop distance guidelines listed in the table titled "Minimum Distances between Certain Airport Features and Any On- Airport Agricultural Crops" found in AC 150/5300 -13, Airport Design, Appendix 17. The cost of wildlife control and potential accidents should be weighed against the income produced by the on- airport crops when deciding whether to allow crops on the airport. ORD.A 9 Page 111 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B a. Livestock production. Confined livestock operations (i.e., feedlots, dairy operations, hog or chicken production facilities, or egg laying operations) often attract flocking birds, such as starlings, that pose a hazard to aviation. Therefore, The FAA recommends against such facilities within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. Any livestock operation within these separations should have a program developed to reduce the attractiveness of the site to species that are hazardous to aviation safety. Free - ranging livestock must not be grazed on airport property because the animals may wander onto the AOA. Furthermore, livestock feed, water, and manure may attract birds. b. Aquaculture. Aquaculture activities (i.e. catfish or trout production) conducted outside of fully enclosed buildings are inherently attractive to a wide variety of birds. Existing aquaculture facilities /activities within the separations listed in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 must have a program developed to reduce the attractiveness of the sites to species that are hazardous to aviation safety. Airport operators should also oppose the establishment of new aquaculture facilities /activities within the separations listed in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. c. Alternative uses of agricultural land. Some airports are surrounded by vast areas of farmed land within the distances specified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. Seasonal uses of agricultural land for activities such as hunting can create a hazardous wildlife situation. In some areas, farmers will rent their land for hunting purposes. Rice farmers, for example, flood their land during waterfowl hunting season and obtain additional revenue by renting out duck blinds. The duck hunters then use decoys and call in hundreds, if not thousands, of birds, creating a tremendous threat to aircraft safety. A wildlife damage management biologist should review, in coordination with local farmers and producers, these types of seasonal land uses and incorporate them into the WHMP. 2 -7. GOLF COURSES, LANDSCAPING AND OTHER LAND -USE CONSIDERATIONS. a. Golf courses. The large grassy areas and open water found on most golf courses are attractive to hazardous wildlife, particularly Canada geese and some species of gulls. These species can pose a threat to aviation safety. The FAA recommends against construction of new golf courses within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. Existing golf courses located within these separations must develop a program to reduce the attractiveness of the sites to species that are hazardous to aviation safety. Airport operators should ensure these golf courses are monitored on a continuing basis for the presence of hazardous wildlife. If hazardous wildlife is detected, corrective actions should be immediately implemented. b. Landscaping and landscape maintenance. Depending on its geographic location, landscaping can attract hazardous wildlife. The FAA recommends that airport operators approach landscaping with caution and confine it to airport areas not associated with aircraft movements. A wildlife damage management biologist should review all landscaping plans. Airport operators should also monitor all landscaped areas on a continuing basis for the presence of hazardous wildlife. If ORD.A 10 Page 112 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B hazardous wildlife is detected, corrective actions should be immediately implemented. Turf grass areas can be highly attractive to a variety of hazardous wildlife species. Research conducted by the USDA Wildlife Services' National Wildlife Research Center has shown that no one grass management regime will deter all species of hazardous wildlife in all situations. In cooperation with wildlife damage management biologist, airport operators should develop airport turf grass management plans on a prescription basis, depending on the airport's geographic locations and the type of hazardous wildlife likely to frequent the airport Airport operators should ensure that plant varieties attractive to hazardous wildlife are not used on the airport. Disturbed areas or areas in need of re- vegetating should not be planted with seed mixtures containing millet or any other large -seed producing grass. For airport property already planted with seed mixtures containing millet, rye grass, or other large -seed producing grasses, the FAA recommends disking, plowing, or another suitable agricultural practice to prevent plant maturation and seed head production. Plantings should follow the specific recommendations for grass management and seed and plant selection made by the State University Cooperative Extension Service, the local office of Wildlife Services, or a qualified wildlife damage management biologist. Airport operators should also consider developing and implementing a preferred /prohibited plant species list, reviewed by a wildlife damage management biologist, which has been designed for the geographic location to reduce the attractiveness to hazardous wildlife for landscaping airport property. c. Airports surrounded by wildlife habitat. The FAA recommends that operators of airports surrounded by woodlands, water, or wetlands refer to Section 2.4 of this AC. Operators of such airports should provide for a Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) conducted by a wildlife damage management biologist. This WHA is the first step in preparing a WHMP, where required. d. Other hazardous wildlife attractants. Other specific land uses or activities (e.g., sport or commercial fishing, shellfish harvesting, etc.), perhaps unique to certain regions of the country, have the potential to attract hazardous wildlife. Regardless of the source of the attraction, when hazardous wildlife is noted on a public -use airport, airport operators must take prompt remedial action(s) to protect aviation safety. 2 -8. SYNERGISTIC EFFECTS OF SURROUNDING LAND USES. There may be circumstances where two (or more) different land uses that would not, by themselves, be considered hazardous wildlife attractants or that are located outside of the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 that are in such an alignment with the airport as to create a wildlife corridor directly through the airport and /or surrounding airspace. An example of this situation may involve a lake located outside of the separation criteria on the east side of an airport and a large hayfield on the west side of an airport, land uses that together could create a flyway for Canada geese directly across the airspace of the airport. There are numerous examples of such situations; ORD.A 11 Page 113 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B therefore, airport operators and the wildlife damage management biologist must consider the entire surrounding landscape and community when developing the WHMP. ORD.A 12 Page 114 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B SECTION 3. PROCEDURES FOR WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT BY OPERATORS OF PUBLIC -USE AIRPORTS. 3.1. INTRODUCTION. In recognition of the increased risk of serious aircraft damage or the loss of human life that can result from a wildlife strike, the FAA may require the development of a Wildlife Hazard Management Plan (WHMP) when specific triggering events occur on or near the airport. Part 139.337 discusses the specific events that trigger a Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) and the specific issues that a WHMP must address for FAA approval and inclusion in an Airport Certification Manual. 3.2. COORDINATION WITH USDA WILDLIFE SERVICES OR OTHER QUALIFIED WILDLIFE DAMAGE MANAGEMENT BIOLOGISTS. The FAA will use the Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) conducted in accordance with Part 139 to determine if the airport needs a WHMP. Therefore, persons having the education, training, and expertise necessary to assess wildlife hazards must conduct the WHA. The airport operator may look to Wildlife Services or to qualified private consultants to conduct the WHA. When the services of a wildlife damage management biologist are required, the FAA recommends that land -use developers or airport operators contact a consultant specializing in wildlife damage management or the appropriate state director of Wildlife Services. NOTE: Telephone numbers for the respective USDA Wildlife Services state offices can be obtained by contacting USDA Wildlife Services Operational Support Staff, 4700 River Road, Unit 87, Riverdale, MD, 20737 -1234, Telephone (301) 734 -7921, Fax (301) 734 -5157 ( http: / /www.aphis.usda.gov /ws/). 3 -3. WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT AT AIRPORTS: A MANUAL FOR AIRPORT PERSONNEL. This manual, prepared by FAA and USDA Wildlife Services staff, contains a compilation of information to assist airport personnel in the development, implementation, and evaluation of WHMPs at airports. The manual includes specific information on the nature of wildlife strikes, legal authority, regulations, wildlife management techniques, WHAs, WHMPs, and sources of help and information. The manual is available in three languages: English, Spanish, and French. It can be viewed and downloaded free of charge from the FAA's wildlife hazard mitigation web site: http:// wildlife- mitigation.tc.FAA.gov /. This manual only provides a starting point for addressing wildlife hazard issues at airports. Hazardous wildlife management is a complex discipline and conditions vary widely across the United States. Therefore, qualified wildlife damage management biologists must direct the development of a WHMP and the implementation of management actions by airport personnel. There are many other resources complementary to this manual for use in developing and implementing WHMPs. Several are listed in the manual's bibliography. 3 -4. WILDLIFE HAZARD ASSESSMENTS, TITLE 14, CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATIONS, PART 139. Part 139.337(b) requires airport operators to conduct a Wildlife Hazard Assessment (WHA) when certain events occur on or near the airport. ORD.A 13 Page 115 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B Part 139.337 (c) provides specific guidance as to what facts must be addressed in a WHA. 3 -5. WILDLIFE HAZARD MANAGEMENT PLAN (WHMP). The FAA will consider the results of the WHA, along with the aeronautical activity at the airport and the views of the airport operator and airport users, in determining whether a formal WHMP is needed, in accordance with Part 139.337. If the FAA determines that a WHMP is needed, the airport operator must formulate and implement a WHMP, using the WHA as the basis for the plan. The goal of an airport's Wildlife Hazard Management Plan is to minimize the risk to aviation safety, airport structures or equipment, or human health posed by populations of hazardous wildlife on and around the airport. The WHMP must identify hazardous wildlife attractants on or near the airport and the appropriate wildlife damage management techniques to minimize the wildlife hazard. It must also prioritize the management measures. 3 -6. LOCAL COORDINATION. The establishment of a Wildlife Hazards Working Group (WHWG) will facilitate the communication, cooperation, and coordination of the airport and its surrounding community necessary to ensure the effectiveness of the WHMP. The cooperation of the airport community is also necessary when new projects are considered. Whether on or off the airport, the input from all involved parties must be considered when a potentially hazardous wildlife attractant is being proposed. Airport operators should also incorporate public education activities with the local coordination efforts because some activities in the vicinity of your airport, while harmless under normal leisure conditions, can attract wildlife and present a danger to aircraft. For example, if public trails are planned near wetlands or in parks adjoining airport property, the public should know that feeding birds and other wildlife in the area may pose a risk to aircraft. Airport operators should work with local and regional planning and zoning boards so as to be aware of proposed land -use changes, or modification of existing land uses, that could create hazardous wildlife attractants within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. Pay particular attention to proposed land uses involving creation or expansion of waste water treatment facilities, development of wetland mitigation sites, or development or expansion of dredge spoil containment areas. At the very least, airport operators must ensure they are on the notification list of the local planning board or equivalent review entity for all communities located within 5 miles of the airport, so they will receive notification of any proposed project and have the opportunity to review it for attractiveness to hazardous wildlife. 3 -7 COORDINATION /NOTIFICATION OF AIRMEN OF WILDLIFE HAZARDS. If an existing land -use practice creates a wildlife hazard and the land -use practice or wildlife hazard cannot be immediately eliminated, airport operators must issue a Notice to Airmen (NOTAM) and encourage the land —owner or manager to take steps to control the wildlife hazard and minimize further attraction. ORD.A 14 Page 116 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B SECTION 4. FAA NOTIFICATION AND REVIEW OF PROPOSED LAND -USE PRACTICE CHANGES IN THE VICINITY OF PUBLIC -USE AIRPORTS 4 -1. FAA REVIEW OF PROPOSED LAND -USE PRACTICE CHANGES IN THE VICINITY OF PUBLIC -USE AIRPORTS. a. The FAA discourages the development of waste disposal and other facilities, discussed in Section 2, located within the 5,000 /10,000 -foot criteria specified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. b. For projects that are located outside the 5,000 /10,000 -foot criteria but within 5 statute miles of the airport's AOA, the FAA may review development plans, proposed land -use changes, operational changes, or wetland mitigation plans to determine if such changes present potential wildlife hazards to aircraft operations. The FAA considers sensitive airport areas as those that lie under or next to approach or departure airspace. This brief examination should indicate if further investigation is warranted. c. Where a wildlife damage management biologist has conducted a further study to evaluate a site's compatibility with airport operations, the FAA may use the study results to make a determination. 4 -2. WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES. a. Notification of new /expanded project proposal. Section 503 of the Wendell H. Ford Aviation Investment and Reform Act for the 21st Century (Public Law 106 -181) limits the construction or establishment of new MSWLF within 6 statute miles of certain public -use airports, when both the airport and the landfill meet very specific conditions. See Section 2 -2 of this AC and AC 150/5200 -34 for a more detailed discussion of these restrictions. ORD.A The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires any MSWLF operator proposing a new or expanded waste disposal operation within 5 statute miles of a runway end to notify the appropriate FAA Regional Airports Division Office and the airport operator of the proposal (40 CFR 258, Criteria for Municipal Solid Waste Landfills, Section 258.10, Airport Safety). The EPA also requires owners or operators of new MSWLF units, or lateral expansions of existing MSWLF units, that are located within 10,000 feet of any airport runway end used by turbojet aircraft, or within 5,000 feet of any airport runway end used only by piston -type aircraft, to demonstrate successfully that such units are not hazards to aircraft. (See 4 -2.b below.) When new or expanded MSWLF are being proposed near airports, MSWLF operators must notify the airport operator and the FAA of the proposal as early as possible pursuant to 40 CFR 258. 15 Page 117 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B b. Waste handling facilities within separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1-4. To claim successfully that a waste - handling facility sited within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 does not attract hazardous wildlife and does not threaten aviation, the developer must establish convincingly that the facility will not handle putrescible material other than that as outlined in 2 -2.d. The FAA strongly recommends against any facility other than that as outlined in 2 -2.d (enclosed transfer stations). The FAA will use this information to determine if the facility will be a hazard to aviation. c. Putrescible -Waste Facilities. In their effort to satisfy the EPA requirement, some putrescible -waste facility proponents may offer to undertake experimental measures to demonstrate that their proposed facility will not be a hazard to aircraft. To date, no such facility has been able to demonstrate an ability to reduce and sustain hazardous wildlife to levels that existed before the putrescible -waste landfill began operating. For this reason, demonstrations of experimental wildlife control measures may not be conducted within the separation identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4. 4 -3. OTHER LAND -USE PRACTICE CHANGES. As a matter of policy, the FAA encourages operators of public -use airports who become aware of proposed land use practice changes that may attract hazardous wildlife within 5 statute miles of their airports to promptly notify the FAA. The FAA also encourages proponents of such land use changes to notify the FAA as early in the planning process as possible. Advanced notice affords the FAA an opportunity (1) to evaluate the effect of a particular land -use change on aviation safety and (2) to support efforts by the airport sponsor to restrict the use of land next to or near the airport to uses that are compatible with the airport. The airport operator, project proponent, or land -use operator may use FAA Form 7460- 1, Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration, or other suitable documents similar to FAA Form 7460 -1 to notify the appropriate FAA Regional Airports Division Office. Project proponents can contact the appropriate FAA Regional Airports Division Office for assistance with the notification process. It is helpful if the notification includes a 15- minute quadrangle map of the area identifying the location of the proposed activity. The land -use operator or project proponent should also forward specific details of the proposed land -use change or operational change or expansion. In the case of solid waste landfills, the information should include the type of waste to be handled, how the waste will be processed, and final disposal methods. a. Airports that have received Federal grant -in -aid assistance. Airports that have received Federal grant -in -aid assistance are required by their grant assurances to take appropriate actions to restrict the use of land next to or near the airport to uses that are compatible with normal airport operations. The FAA recommends that airport operators to the extent practicable oppose off - airport land -use changes or practices within the separations identified in Sections 1 -2 through 1 -4 that may attract hazardous wildlife. Failure to do so may lead to noncompliance with applicable grant assurances. The FAA will not approve the placement of airport ORD.A 16 Page 118 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B ORD.A development projects pertaining to aircraft movement in the vicinity of hazardous wildlife attractants without appropriate mitigating measures. Increasing the intensity of wildlife control efforts is not a substitute for eliminating or reducing a proposed wildlife hazard. Airport operators should identify hazardous wildlife attractants and any associated wildlife hazards during any planning process for new airport development projects. 17 Page 119 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B This page intentionally left blank. ORD.A 18 Page 120 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B APPENDIX 1. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS USED IN THIS ADVISORY CIRCULAR. 1. GENERAL. This appendix provides definitions of terms used throughout this AC. ORD.A 1. Air operations area. Any area of an airport used or intended to be used for landing, takeoff, or surface maneuvering of aircraft. An air operations area includes such paved areas or unpaved areas that are used or intended to be used for the unobstructed movement of aircraft in addition to its associated runway, taxiways, or apron. 2. Airport operator. The operator (private or public) or sponsor of a public -use airport. 3. Approach or departure airspace. The airspace, within 5 statute miles of an airport, through which aircraft move during landing or takeoff. 4. Bird balls. High- density plastic floating balls that can be used to cover ponds and prevent birds from using the sites. 5. Certificate holder. The holder of an Airport Operating Certificate issued under Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations, Part 139. 6. Construct a new MSWLF. To begin to excavate, grade land, or raise structures to prepare a municipal solid waste landfill as permitted by the appropriate regulatory or permitting agency. 7. Detention ponds. Storm water management ponds that hold storm water for short periods of time, a few hours to a few days. 8. Establish a new MSWLF. When the first load of putrescible waste is received on -site for placement in a prepared municipal solid waste landfill. 9. Fly ash. The fine, sand -like residue resulting from the complete incineration of an organic fuel source. Fly ash typically results from the combustion of coal or waste used to operate a power generating plant. 10. General aviation aircraft. Any civil aviation aircraft not operating under 14 CFR Part 119, Certification: Air Carriers and Commercial Operators. 11. Hazardous wildlife. Species of wildlife (birds, mammals, reptiles), including feral animals and domesticated animals not under control, that are associated with aircraft strike problems, are capable of causing structural damage to airport facilities, or act as attractants to other wildlife that pose a strike hazard 12. Municipal Solid Waste Landfill (MSWLF). A publicly or privately owned discrete area of land or an excavation that receives household waste and that is not a land application unit, surface impoundment, injection well, or waste pile, as those terms are defined under 40 CFR § 257.2. An MSWLF may receive 19 Page 121 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B ORD.A other types wastes, such as commercial solid waste, non - hazardous sludge, small - quantity generator waste, and industrial solid waste, as defined under 40 CFR § 258.2. An MSWLF can consist of either a stand alone unit or several cells that receive household waste. 13. New MSWLF. A municipal solid waste landfill that was established or constructed after April 5, 2001. 14. Piston - powered aircraft. Fixed -wing aircraft powered by piston engines. 15. Piston -use airport. Any airport that does not sell Jet -A fuel for fixed -wing turbine - powered aircraft, and primarily serves fixed -wing, piston - powered aircraft. Incidental use of the airport by turbine - powered, fixed -wing aircraft would not affect this designation. However, such aircraft should not be based at the airport. 16. Public agency. A State or political subdivision of a State, a tax - supported organization, or an Indian tribe or pueblo (49 U.S.C. § 47102(19)). 17. Public airport. An airport used or intended to be used for public purposes that is under the control of a public agency; and of which the area used or intended to be used for landing, taking off, or surface maneuvering of aircraft is publicly owned (49 U.S.C. § 47102(20)). 18. Public -use airport. An airport used or intended to be used for public purposes, and of which the area used or intended to be used for landing, taking off, or surface maneuvering of aircraft may be under the control of a public agency or privately owned and used for public purposes (49 U.S.C. § 47102(21)). 19. Putrescible waste. Solid waste that contains organic matter capable of being decomposed by micro - organisms and of such a character and proportion as to be capable of attracting or providing food for birds (40 CFR §257.3 -8). 20. Putrescible -waste disposal operation. Landfills, garbage dumps, underwater waste discharges, or similar facilities where activities include processing, burying, storing, or otherwise disposing of putrescible material, trash, and refuse. 21. Retention ponds. Storm water management ponds that hold water for several months. 22. Runway protection zone (RPZ). An area off the runway end to enhance the protection of people and property on the ground (see AC 150/5300 -13). The dimensions of this zone vary with the airport design, aircraft, type of operation, and visibility minimum. 23. Scheduled air carrier operation. Any common carriage passenger- carrying operation for compensation or hire conducted by an air carrier or commercial 20 Page 122 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B ORD.A operator for which the air carrier, commercial operator, or their representative offers in advance the departure location, departure time, and arrival location. It does not include any operation that is conducted as a supplemental operation under 14 CFR Part 119 or as a public charter operation under 14 CFR Part 380 (14 CFR § 119.3). 24. Sewage sludge. Any solid, semi - solid, or liquid residue generated during the treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. Sewage sludge includes, but is not limited to, domestic septage; scum or solids removed in primary, secondary, or advanced wastewater treatment process; and a material derived from sewage sludge. Sewage does not include ash generated during the firing of sewage sludge in a sewage sludge incinerator or grit and screenings generated during preliminary treatment of domestic sewage in a treatment works. (40 CFR 257.2) 25. Sludge. Any solid, semi - solid, or liquid waste generated form a municipal, commercial or industrial wastewater treatment plant, water supply treatment plant, or air pollution control facility or any other such waste having similar characteristics and effect. (40 CFR 257.2) 26. Solid waste. Any garbage, refuse, sludge, from a waste treatment plant, water supply treatment plant or air pollution control facility and other discarded material, including, solid liquid, semisolid, or contained gaseous material resulting from industrial, commercial, mining, and agricultural operations, and from community activities, but does not include solid or dissolved materials in domestic sewage, or solid or dissolved material in irrigation return flows or industrial discharges which are point sources subject to permits under section 402 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, as amended (86 Stat. 880), or source, special nuclear, or by product material as defined by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, (68 Stat. 923). (40 CFR 257.2) 27. Turbine - powered aircraft. Aircraft powered by turbine engines including turbojets and turboprops but excluding turbo -shaft rotary-wing aircraft. 28. Turbine -use airport. Any airport that sells Jet -A fuel for fixed -wing turbine - powered aircraft. 29. Wastewater treatment facility. Any devices and /or systems used to store, treat, recycle, or reclaim municipal sewage or liquid industrial wastes, including Publicly Owned Treatment Works (POTW), as defined by Section 212 of the Federal Water Pollution Control Act (P.L. 92 -500) as amended by the Clean Water Act of 1977 (P.L. 95 -576) and the Water Quality Act of 1987 (P.L. 100 -4). This definition includes any pretreatment involving the reduction of the amount of pollutants, the elimination of pollutants, or the alteration of the nature of pollutant properties in wastewater prior to or in lieu of discharging or otherwise introducing such pollutants into a POTW. (See 40 CFR Section 403.3 (q), (r), & (s)). 21 Page 123 of 132 8/28/2007 AC 150/5200 -33B 30. Wildlife. Any wild animal, including without limitation any wild mammal, bird, reptile, fish, amphibian, mollusk, crustacean, arthropod, coelenterate, or other invertebrate, including any part, product, egg, or offspring thereof (50 CFR 10.12, Taking, Possession, Transportation, Sale, Purchase, Barter, Exportation, and Importation of Wildlife and Plants). As used in this AC, wildlife includes feral animals and domestic animals out of the control of their owners (14 CFR Part 139, Certification of Airports). 31. Wildlife attractants. Any human -made structure, land -use practice, or human - made or natural geographic feature that can attract or sustain hazardous wildlife within the landing or departure airspace or the airport's AOA. These attractants can include architectural features, landscaping, waste disposal sites, wastewater treatment facilities, agricultural or aquaculture activities, surface mining, or wetlands. 32. Wildlife hazard. A potential for a damaging aircraft collision with wildlife on or near an airport. 33. Wildlife strike. A wildlife strike is deemed to have occurred when: a. A pilot reports striking 1 or more birds or other wildlife; b. Aircraft maintenance personnel identify aircraft damage as having been caused by a wildlife strike; c. Personnel on the ground report seeing an aircraft strike 1 or more birds or other wildlife; d. Bird or other wildlife remains, whether in whole or in part, are found within 200 feet of a runway centerline, unless another reason for the animal's death is identified; e. The animal's presence on the airport had a significant negative effect on a flight (i.e., aborted takeoff, aborted landing, high -speed emergency stop, aircraft left pavement area to avoid collision with animal) (Transport Canada, Airports Group, Wildlife Control Procedures Manual, Technical Publication 11500E, 1994). 2. RESERVED. ORD.A 22 Page 124 of 132 Appendix G. FAA Certalert No. 98 -05 — Grasses Attractive to Hazardous Wildlife ORD.A Page 125 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 126 of 132 CERTALERT ADVISORY CAUTIONARY NON - DIRECTIVE FOR INFORMATION, CONTACT AIRPORT WILDLIFE SPECIALIST, AAS -317 (202) 267.3389 DATE: September 21, 1998 TO: Airport Operators, FAA Airport Certification Safety Inspectors TOPIC: Grasses Attractive To Hazardous Wildlife No. 98 -05 Recently, several reports have been received of airport owners or airport contractors planting disturbed areas (construction sites, re- grading projects, etc) with seed mixtures containing brown -top millet. All millets are a major attractant to doves and other seed eating birds. Doves can be a major threat to aircraft safety. In the United States, between 1991 and 1997, doves were involved in 11 % of all reported bird /aircraft strikes, 8% of the reported strikes that resulted in aircraft down time, and 8% of the reported strikes causing aircraft damage or other associated monetary losses. Airport operators should ensure that grass species and other varieties of plants attractive to hazardous wildlife are not used on the airport. Disturbed areas or areas in need of re- vegetating should not be planted with seed mixtures containing millet or any other large -seed producing grass. For airport property already planted with seed mixtures containing millet or other large -seed producing grasses, it is recommended that disking, plowing, or other suitable agricultural practice be employed to prevent plant maturation and seed head production. For specific recommendations on grass management and seed selection, contact the State University Cooperative Extension Service, or the local office of the USDA, Wildlife Services. Benedict D. Castellano, Manager Airport Safety and Compliance Branch September 21, 1998 ORD.A Page 127 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 128 of 132 Appendix H. WHA Observation Points with Grid ORD.A Page 129 of 132 THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 130 of 132 6 Legend Airport Property Boundary (Approximate) Runway Stream Monitoring Location 167 WHA Observation Points with Grid Image Source_ FSA -NAIP 2013 Ning County Mosaic 1m 0 750 1,500 3,000 4,500 6.000 Feet ORD.A Page 131 of 132 1TECH,GIS Ma pslFlnalReporiMapslS50_Cove THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK ORD.A Page 132 of 132